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Receptor Transporter Protein 4 (RTP4) is a member of the TMEM7 family.

Modulator of apoptosis 1 (MOAP1), is a member of the PNMA family and contains one BH3-like domain and one RASSF1-binding domain. MOAP1 was recognized by its interaction with apoptosis regulator BAX protein. MOAP1 includes a Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3)-like motif, which is essential for the association with BAX. In addition, once over expressed MOAP1 mediates caspase-dependent apoptosis.

Myosin is composed of 2 nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains, 2 heavy chains and 2 phosphorylatable regulatory light chains. MYL12B is a hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein which controls contraction in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells through phosphorylation by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). Phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chains catalyzed by MLCK in the presence of calcium and calmodulin, rises Actin-activated myosin ATPase activity, thus regulating contractile activity.

Plasma protease C1 inhibitor (SERPING1) is a part of the serpin superfamily of serine protease inhibitors. SERPING1 plays an important role in regulating activation of both the complement and contact systems. That isdue to the fact that SERPING1 regulates the activation of complement factor C1 in addition to the activity of activated C1 by coupling with the active catalytic site at the light chains of C1r and C1s. SERPING1 insufficiency results in hereditary angioedema, which is characterized by recurrent episodes of localized angioedema of the skin, gastrointestinal mucosa or upper respiratory mucosa.

APOBEC4 belongs to the AID/APOBEC family of polynucleotide (deoxy)cytidine deaminases, which convert cytidine to uridine. Further AID/APOBEC family members are implicated in Mrna editing, somatic hypermutation and recombination of immunoglobulin genes, and innate immunity to retroviral infection. Among the diseases associated with APOBEC4 are systemic lupus erythematosus, and lupus erythematosus.

DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 8 (DNAJB8) is superior suppressors of aggregation and toxicity of disease-associated polyglutamine proteins.DNAJB8 is a member of the DNAJ/HSP40 family of proteins that regulate chaperone activity. DNAJB8 is (de)acetylated at 2 conserved C-terminal lysines which aren’t involved in substrate binding, but do have a role in suppressing protein aggregation. DNAJB8 has been implicated as a cancer-testis antigen and as a cancer stem-like cell antigen involved in renal cell carcinoma.

SKP is a 17kDa trimeric periplasmic chaperone that supports outer membrane proteins in their folding and insertion into membranes. SKP protein is necessary for the normal release of ompA from the inner membrane, the maintenance of its solubility in the periplasm, and, in association with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), for the efficient folding and insertion of ompA into the outer membrane.

ASB13 belongs to the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing (ASB) family of proteins which contains ankyrin repeat sequence and a SOCS box domain. ASB13 is a protein coding gene that plays a role as a substrate-recognition part of a SCF-like ECS E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which arbitrates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins.

Binds to tnfrsf13b/taci and tnfrsf17/bcma. tnfsf13/april binds to the same 2 receptors, together, they form a 2 ligands -2 receptors pathway involved in the stimulation of b- and t-cell function and the regulation of humoral immunity. a third b-cell specific baff-receptor (baffr/br3) promotes the survival of mature b-cells and the b-cell response.
B Lymphocyte Stimulator functions as a potent B-cell growth factor in costimulation assays.
Administration of BAFF Human recombinant to mice disrupts splenic B-cell and T-cell zones and results in elevated levels of serum immunoglobulin.

F-Box Protein 6, also known as FBXO6, is a part of the F-box protein family which is characterized by a roughly forty amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins are one of the 4 subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box) that operates in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into three categories: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. FBXO6 is a part of the Fbxs category, and its C-terminal area is very similar to that of rat NFB42 (neural F Box 42 kDa) which is involved in the control of the cell cycle.

T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1B, also known as TCL1B is a member of the TCL1 family. TCL1B is expressed in a variety of tissues as well as the placenta and testis. Moreover, TCL1B enhances the phosphorylation and activation of AKT1 and AKT2.

Prepronociceptin (PNOC) is the ligand of the opioid receptor-like receptor (OPRL1). PNOC functions as a transmitter in the brain by modulating nociceptive and locomotor behavior. The PNOC protein may also be involved in neuronal differentiation and development.

GAS7 is mainly expressed in terminally differentiated brain cells and predominantly in mature cerebellar Purkinje neurons. GAS7 is involved in neuronal development by promoting maturation and morphological differentiation of cerebellar neurons. Inhibition of GAS7 production in terminally differentiating cultures of embryonic murine cerebellum impedes neurite outgrowth. Over-expression of GAS7 initiats the development of human osteosarcoma.

PPP1R14A is a phosphorylation-dependent inhibitor of smooth muscle myosin phosphatase. Inhibition of PPP1R14A results to increased myosin phosphorylation and enhances smooth muscle contraction in the absence of increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Myosin phosphatase can reverse MYL (myosin light chain) phosphorylation to induce a state of relaxation. However, during agonist-induced contraction at constant Ca2+ concurrent inhibition of myosin phosphatase leads to increases in MYL phosphorylation and tension. These calcium-independent increases in myosin phosphorylation and tension are termed calcium sensitization.
Human pregnancy is characterized by the increases of PKN1 expression and CPI-17 phosphorylation in the myometrium. PPP1R14A is mapped to chromosome 19q13.13-q13.2.
PPP1R14A binds directly to protein kinase C and casein kinase I.
PPP1R14A siRNA decreased the level of merlin phosphorylation and consequently Ras and ERK activity in human tumor cell lines.
PKC/CPI-17 mediated pathway in histamine, triggeres cytoskeletal rearrangements causing lung microvascular barrier compromise.

Complement Factor Properdin (CFP) which is a plasma glycoprotein, is a positive regulator of the alternative complement pathway of the innate immune system. CFP binds and stabilizes the C3- and C5-convertase enzyme complexes in a feedback loop that eventually ends with formation of the membrane attack complex and lysis of the target cell. Mutations in CFP lead to 2 forms of properdin deficiency that cause high susceptibility to meningococcal infections.

RAB39B, Member RAS Oncogene Family (RAB39B) belongs to the Rab family of proteins. Rab proteins are small GTPases, which are involved in vesicular trafficking. RAB39B gene mutations are linked with X-linked mental retardation.

RNA Binding Motif Protein 11 (RBM11) which contains 1 RNA recognition motif is a part of the RBM family. The RBM gene family encodes proteins with an RNA binding motif which participate in the modulation of apoptosis. RBM11 is expressed in testis, kidney, spleen, brain, spinal cord and mammary gland and can be found as 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing.

CRIP1 also known as Cysteine-Rich Protein 1is a member to the LIM/double zinc finger protein family, membersof which comprise cysteine- and glycine-rich protein-1, rhombotin-1, rhombotin-2, and rhombotin-3. CRIP1 may beimplicated in zinc absorption and also may function as an intracellular zinc transport protein. Among the diseases associated with CRIP1 are situs inversus, and osteosarcoma.

REG protein was shown to be stimulated during the regeneration of pancreatic islets. Since then, many Reg-related proteins have been identified in humans and other animals. In human, the four REG family genes, i.e., REG 1 alpha, REG 1 beta, REG-related sequence (RS) and HIP/PAP, have so far been isolated. These Reg-related proteins are classified into four subfamilies according to their amino-acid sequences, but they share a similar structure and physiological function. Reg protein is a growth factor for pancreatic beta cells and also suggests that the administration of Reg protein could be used as another therapeutic approach for diabetes mellitus. Human REG cDNA which encodes a 166-amino acid protein with a 22-amino acid signal peptide. The amino acid sequence of human REG protein has 68% homology to that of rat Reg protein.
Reg I was found to be expressed mainly in pancreatic beta and acinoductular cells as well as gastric fundic enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells. Reg I production in ECL cells is stimulated by gastrin, as well as by the proinflammatory cytokine, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-2Beta. In patients with chronic hypergastrinemia, Reg production is stimulated, with the increased proliferation of gastric mucosal cells. Patients with Helicobacter pylori infection also showed increased Reg production in the gastric mucosa, partly via increased plasma gastrin concentration and partly via increased proinflammatory cytokine production. The serum concentration of the reg-protein was significantly higher in patients with various pancreatic diseases than in normal controls, and was also significantly higher in patients with acute pancreatitis or chronic relapsing pancreatitis than in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Furthermore, the serum PSP/reg-protein concentration was also significantly increased in liver cirrhosis, choledocholithiasis, and various cancers of the digestive system.

RELM-beta (Resistin-Like Molecule-beta) is a member of a recently identified family of secreted proteins containing a conserved cystein-rich C-terminus. The RELM family consists of resistin (also called FIZZ3), RELM-alfa (FIZZ1), RELM-beta (FIZZ2) and RELM-gamma. Only resisistin and RELM-beta were found in humans whereas all four RELM family members were identified in rodents.
RELM-beta appears to be produced as a homodimer exclusively by intestinal goblet cells and can be found in high quantities in stool. Remarkably, stool of germ-free mice displaying sterile intestinal tract does not contain RELM-beta until bacterial colonization takes place after pathogen-free mice entered natural environment. Some, but not all, colon carcinoma cell lines secrete RELM-beta into the cell culture supernatant.
The physiological function of RELM-beta is not known. High doses of recombinant RELM-beta showed hyperglycemic effects including lowered glucose disposal and increased hepatic glucose production in mice.

Ribosomes (the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis) consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Jointly these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. RPS10 which is is located in the cytoplasm and a part of the S10E family of ribosomal proteins, is a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. Variable expression of this gene in colorectal cancers compared to adjacent normal tissues has been observed, although no correlation between the level of expression and the severity of the disease has been found.

Profilin-1 (Bet v 2.0101) binds to actin and affects the structure of the cytoskeleton. At high concentrations, profiling-1 averts the polymerization of actin, whereas it augments it at low concentrations. By binding to PIP2, Profilin-1 inhibits the creation of IP3 and DG.

ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 are angiopoietin-like proteins secreted and expressed mainly by the liver, their role being the regulation of triglyceride metabolism by inhibiting the lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. During different nutritional states (feeding/fasting) the levels of the circulating triglycerides are regulated by Angptl3 and Angptl4 through differential inhibition of Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) as shown by the experimental data. The molecular structure of ANGPTL3 is similar to that of the angiopoietins (vascular endothelial growth factors). Deletion mutants of human Angiopoietin 5 were used in order to demonstrate that the N-terminal domain (fragment 17-207) and not the C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain (fragment 207-460) increased the plasma triglyceride levels in mice.

HSP90B1 is an abundant molecular chaperone resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumenal stress protein which is part of the Hsp90 family. HSP90B1 is involved in maintaining protein homeostasis in the secretory pathway as well as functioning in the intracellular trafficking of peptides from the extracellular space to the MHC class I antigen processing pathway of antigen presentation cells. HSP90B1 has key roles in signal transduction, protein folding, protein degradation, and morphologic evolution. HSP90B1 protein associates with numerous cochaperones and involved in folding of newly synthesized proteins or stabilizing and refolding denatured proteins after stress. HSP90B1 is highly expressed in human gastric carcinoma BGC-823 cells during the whole cell cycle.