Search results

D-gluconate kinase or idnk is a thermosensitive protein, consists of 187 a.a and part of the gluconokinase gntK/gntV protein family. Idnk enhances the conversion of ATP + D-gluconate => ADP + 6-phospho-D-gluconate. Idnk has a crucial part in determination of gender, removal of a certain portion of 9p may result in the making of male to female (reversal of sex), that leads to a female that has the genotype of male X, Y.

PHOSPHO1 is involved in mineralization process & plays a role in bone and cartilage matrix mineralization.
PHOSPHO1 is expressed at sites of mineralization in bone and cartilage. Highly expressed in osteoblast cell line SaOS-2 which produces a mineralized matrix.
Orphan-1 is collagen type -2 is specific for cartilaginous tissues. Orphan1 is essential for the normal embryonic development of the skeleton, for linear growth and for the ability of cartilage to resist compressive forces.
Phosphoethanolamine (2-O3POCH2CH2NH3) is a key intermediate in the formation of cephalins, it is formed in liver and brain by phosphorylation of ethanolamine.
PHOSPHO2 and PHOSPHO1 suggest subtle differences in the charge distributions around the putative substrate entry site and in the location of potential H-bond donors.
PHOSPHO1 exhibits high specific phosphoethanolamine and phosphocholine phosphatase activities PHOSPHO1 is a phosphatase enzyme for which expression is upregulated in mineralizing cells. PHOSPHO1 has been implicated in the generation of Pi for matrix mineralization, a process central to skeletal development. PHOSPHO1 is a member of the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily of Mg2+-dependent hydrolases. PHOSPHO1 exhibits high specific activities toward phosphoethanolamine (PEA) and phosphocholine (PCho).

Legumain, also known as LGMN, is a cysteine endopeptidase which demonstrates strict specificity for hydrolysis of asparaginyl bonds. Furthermore, LGMN can also cleave aspartyl bonds slowly, in particular under acidic conditions. LGMN plays an essential role in the endosomal/lysosomal degradation system as the Legumain deficiency causes the accumulation of pro cathepsins B, H & L, another group of lysosomal cysteine proteases. Furthermore, over expression of LGMN in tumors is important for invasion/metastasis.

PRSS3 is a trypsinogen, and a member of the trypsin family of serine proteases. PRSS3 is expressed in the pancreas and brain and is unaffected by common trypsin inhibitors. It is active on peptide linkages involving the carboxyl group of lysine or arginine. PRSS3 is restricted to the locus of T cell receptor beta variable orphans on chromosome 9. 4 different isoforms encoded by 4 transcript variants were identified for this gene.

Deoxyribonuclease I Bovine (bDNase), an enzyme which selectively cleaves DNA. Bovine Dnase is an endonuclease enzyme which splits phosphodiester linkages within polynucleotides, acting primarely on single stranded DNA (ssDNA), double stranded DNA (ddDNA) and chromatin. Dnase is activated by bivalent metals such as Mg+2 and Ca+2 .
Dnase enzymes are common reagents used in biochemical methods requiring diestion of DNA and recovery of RNA, or where DNA is to be removed without affecting structural proteins or enzymes. Dnase enzymes are also used in tissue culture to digest DNA from damaged cells, resulting in reduced viscosity, and for removal of membrane-bound DNA fragments.

Cyclophilin-D is a member of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) family. PPIases catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and speeds up the protein folding. Cyclophilin-D possess PPIase activity and binds to the immunosuppressant cyclosporin-A. Cyclophilin-D is very well known that its overexpression suppresses the apoptosis in cancer cell. Cyclophilin-D suppresses apoptotic cell death by the use of mitochondrial hexokinase-2 dependent mechanism in cancer cells.

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMGCL) is a mitochondrial matrix protein which is a member of the HMG-CoA lyase family. HMGCL is a homodimer and participates in leucine catabolism and ketogenesis, the hepatic synthesis of ketone bodies which, during fasting, provides a major source of energy for the heart, brain and kidney. More precisely, HMGCL catalyzes the final step of these processes, the cleavage of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to acetoacetic acid and acetyl-CoA.

NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 4 (NDUFAF4) is involved in the compilation of mitochondrial NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (complex I). In addition, NDUFAF4 is involved in cell proliferation and survival of hormone-dependent tumor cells. NDUFAF4 may also be a regulator of breast tumor cell invasion. NDUFAF4 gene mutations cause the mitochondrial complex I deficiency.

NQO2 is a flavoprotein that catalyzes the 2-electron reduction of diverse quinones, redox dyes, and the vitamin K menadione. NQO2 mainly uses dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH) as the electron donor. NQO2 catalyzes the metabolic detoxification of quinones and their derivatives to hydroquinones. This detoxification process protects cells against quinone-induced oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and mutagenicity.

FEN1 removes 5'' overhanging flaps in DNA repair and processes the 5'' ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis. The interaction between FEN1 and AP endonuclease 1 during long-patch base excision repair provides coordinated loading of the proteins onto the substrate, therefore passing the substrate from one enzyme to another. FEN1 is part of the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family and is one of ten proteins essential for cell-free DNA replication. DNA secondary structure can inhibit flap processing at certain trinucleotide repeats in a length-dependent manner by concealing the 5'' end of the flap that is necessary for both binding and cleavage by the protein encoded by this gene. Therefore, secondary structure can deter the protective function of this protein, leading to site-specific trinucleotide expansions.

IVD is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme that is part of the cyl-CoA dehydrogenase family which catalyzes the third step in leucine catabolism. The genetic deficiency of IVD leads to a buildup of isovaleric acid, which is toxic to the central nervous system and results in isovaleric acidemia. IVD is a homotetrameric flavoenzyme which catalyzes the conversion of isovaleryl-CoA to 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA.

Glutamate Decarboxylase 1 Isoform-1, also known as GAD1 iso1 belongs to the group II decarboxylase family. GAD1 iso1 encodes one of several forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, and is identified as a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes. GAD1 iso1 is in charge for catalyzing the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid. In addition, a pathogenic function for GAD1 iso1 has been shown in the human pancreas while it has been identified as an autoantigen & an autoreactive T cell target in insulin-dependent diabetes. GAD1 iso1 play a role in the stiff man syndrome. It has been shown that deficiency in this enzyme has led to pyridoxine dependency with seizures.

GGH is a homodimeric protein which catalyzes the cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl chain of folylpoly-gamma-glutamyl substrates. GGH is a vital enzyme in folyl and antifolyl poly-gamma-glutamate metabolism and it has a significant part in the bioavailability of dietary pteroylpolyglutamates and in the metabolism of antifolates and pteroylpolyglutamates.

Ubiquinone biosynthesis protein COQ9 (COQ9) represents a mitochondrial ubiquinone biosynthesis gene. The COQ9 protein is likely required for biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10, since mutations at this locus have been linked with autosomal-recessive neonatal-onset primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency.

GZMK is a part of a group of related serine proteases from the cytoplasmic granules of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Cytolytic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells have the outstanding ability to bind, recognize and lyse specific target cells. They defend their host by lysing cells bearing on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens.

Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 isoform 1 or AKR1C3 is an enzyme, part of the aldo-keto reductase family that promotes conversion of ketones & aldehydes to the alcohol forms while using cofactors such as NADPH & NADH. AKR1C3 promotes the reduction of PG molecule (prostaglandin), PQ (phenanthrenequinone) & PGH2. Another role is oxidation of 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2 to PGD2. AKR1C3 holds a crucial part in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases like asthma and can also take part in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation.

The three isoenzymes (MM, MB, and BB) are found in muscle, cardiac and brain tissues. These recombinant proteins are ideal for calibrating diagnostic instruments and researching neuromuscular diseases. Creatine Kinases can be used for indications in many neuromuscular applications. These disorders include cardiac disease, mitochondrial disorders, inflammatory myopathies, myasthenia, polymyositis, McArdle's disease, NMJ disorders, muscular dystrophy, ALS, hypo and hyperthyroid disorders, central core disease, acid maltase deficiency, myoglobinuria, rhabdomyolysis, motor neuron diseases, rheumatic diseases, and other that create elevated or reduced levels of Creatine Kinases.

The PI3Kb isoform can be activated by insulin via the insulin receptor to initiate a cascade of events that control cell growth and metabolism. The activation of
PI3Kb is mediated by the p85 regulatory subunit binding to tyrosine phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins (e.g. IRS-1 and IRS-2).
It was also shown that PI3Kb is involved in apoptosis in human colon carcinoma cells. Injection of neutralizing antibodies specific to p110b in WiDr,
HCT116 and CO 115 adenocarcinoma cells inhibited de novo DNA synthesis.
PI3Kb is the major PI3K isoform required for apoptotic cell and Fc-g receptor mediated phagocytosis shown for primary mouse macrophages and the Jurkat human leukemia T cell line.
It was shown by several research groups that the catalytic subunit of PI3Kb can be activated by Gbg subunits of G-protein coupled receptors.

The Casein kinase 2 (EC2.7.11.1) is a serine/threonine-selective protein kinasethat is a tetramer of two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The alpha subunits have the catalytic kinase domain. Casein kinase 2 has been implicated in cell cyclecontrol, DNA repair, regulation of the circadian rhythmand other cellular processes.
Casein kinase 2 activity has been reported to be activated following Wnt signaling pathwayactivation. A Pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteinand Disheveled appear to be an intermediary between Wnt-mediated activation of the Frizzled receptor and activation of casein kinase 2.

Serratia marcescens secretes an endonuclease that has exceptionally high specific activity to the medium that surrounds it. The Benzonase Nuclease is mainly used for elimination of nucleic acid contamination from purified proteins, downstream processing, reduction of viscosity etc. Nucleic acid contaminants are caused by nuclease released to the medium. The DNA is being destroyed by the release of the S. marcescens nuclease and it acts as the killer gene for the auto destruction of microorganisms.

N-Acetylgalactosaminidase Alpha (NAGA) is a lysosomal exoglycosidase which removes terminal alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine residues from glycopeptides and glycolipids. NAGA is necessary for the breakdown of glycolipids.

Queuine TRNA-Ribosyltransferase 1 also known as QTRT1 is a member of the queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase family. QTRT1 interacts with QTRTD1 to form an active queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase. Furthermore, QTRT1 exchanges queuine for the guanine at the wobble position of tRNAs with GUN anticodons (tRNA-Asp, -Asn, -His and -Tyr), in this manner forming the hypermodified nucleoside queuosine (Q) (7-(((4,5-cis-dihydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-yl)amino)methyl)-7-deazaguanosine).

GZMB or Granzyme-B is a protein that mainly exist in granules of NK cells and T cells (cytotoxic), it is a serine protease. The protein is secreted by of NK cells and T cells together with the protein that creates pores (perforin) in order to lead to apoptosis in the target cell.

Alanine aminotransferase 2 (GPT2), catalyzes the reversible transamination among alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to create pyruvate and glutamate. GPT2 expressed mainly in muscle, fat and kidney and participates in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and amino acids. Multiple transcript variants encoding various isoforms have been found for GPT2.