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Oxidative Stress Responsive 1, also known as OXSR1 belongs to the neuronal calcium sensor gene family. OXSR1 encodes calcium-binding proteins which expressed mainly in neurons and regulates G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation in a calcium-dependent way. OXSR1 regulates downstream kinases in response to environmental stress and functions in regulating the actin cytoskeleton.

Microfibrillar-associated protein 2 (MFAP2) is an O-glycosylated protein discharged to the extracellular space and the extracellular matrix. MFAP2 connects with biglycan and elastin in a ternary complex. MFAP2 plays a key role in the support and distensibility of the juxtacanalicular region of these collector channels. MFAP2 inhibits LTB-1 binding to fibrillin-1, promotes the phosphorylation of Smad2 thus mediating the consequent extracellular deposition of latent TGFbeta.

A 16kDa peptide hormone secreted from white adipocytes and implicated in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Leptin provides the key afferent signal from fat cells in the feedback system that controls body fat stores.

Tumor Protein P53 Regulated Apoptosis Inducing Protein 1 (TP53AIP1) is expressed mainly in the thymus, and is localized to the mitochondrion. p53 induces TP53AIP1 production which then mediates p53- dependent apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding diverse isoforms are known for TP53AIP1.

Casein Kinase 2 also called CK2 (also called PKCK2) is a ubiquitous Ser/Thr kinase expressed in all eukaryotes. CK2 is a tetramer composed of two catalytic kinase domains, alpha subunits, and two identical regulatory beta subunits. It has been implicated in cell cycle control, DNA repair, regulation of the circadian rhythm, and other cellular processes. The beta subunit itself does not have kinase activity, but confers stability to the CK2 alpha subunit and is involved in activity and substrate specificity.

Abhydrolase Domain Containing 12B, also known as ABHD12B is a part of the serine esterase family. ABHD12B is a protein coding gene.

CITED2 is a significant transcriptional cofactor that takes part in multiple organ development. CITED2 is a cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CBP)/p300 interacting transcriptional modulator and a negative regulator for HIF1A through its competitive binding with HIF1A to CBP/p300. CITED2 is essential for mouse fetal liver hematopoiesis and is necessary for the appropriate formation of the hyaloid vasculature and for lens morphogenesis. CITED2 is a coactivator of HNF4alpha and necessary for liver development. CITED2 is a coactivator of PPAR-alpha and both participate in signaling cascades of hypoxic response and angiogenesis.

CRP is an acute phase protein that correlates with inflammatory disease and is synthesized by hepatocytes during the acute phase response by certain cytokines (IL-1 and TNF Alpha and Beta). CRP levels increase dramatically (up to 1,000 fold) and serve as a useful marker of inflammation in such conditions as bacterial infection, rheumatoid arthritis, viral infections, transplantation rejection, meningitis, myocardial infarction, septicemia, osteomyelitis and others. CRP is also highly correlated to Serum Amyloid A levels.

CAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein 3-Like 2, also known as CREB3L2 belongs to the oasis bZIP transcription factor family. Members of this family are able to dimerize however from homodimers only. CREB3L2 is a transcriptional activator. Translocations between CREB3L2 on chromosome 7 and the gene fused in sarcoma on chromosome 16 can be found in some tumors. One disease which is associated with CREB3L2 is myxofibrosarcoma.

Signal-Regulatory Protein Gamma (SIRPG) belongs to the signal-regulatory protein (SIRP) family whose members are receptor-type transmembrane glycoproteins which negatively regulate the receptor tyrosine kinase-coupled signaling processes. SIRPG is also a part of the immunoglobulin superfamily.

The La protein is a 47 kDa polypeptide that frequently acts as an autoantigen in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome patients. La is involved in various aspects of RNA metabolism, including binding and protecting 3-prime UUU(OH) elements of newly RNA polymerase III - transcribed RNA, processing 5-prime and 3-prime ends of pre-tRNA precursors, acting as an RNA chaperone, and binding viral RNAs linked to hepatitis C virus. It occurs in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, where it assumes different roles. In the nucleus, La protein facilitates the production of tRNAs, acting as an RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) transcription factor by attaching to the U-rich 3'UTR of nascent transcripts, aiding in their folding and maturation. In the cytoplasm, La protein facilitates the translation of specific mRNAs, acting as a translation factor. As an RNA binding protein (RBP), La protein associates with subsets of mRNAs which contain a 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine (5'TOP) motif known to direct protein synthesis. The binding of La protein to particular classes of RNA molecules regulates their downstream processing, guards them from endonuclease digestion, and organizes their export from the nucleus. La/SS-B appears to be readily disposed to proteolysis, which results in many smaller (42kD, 320, and 270) nevertheless still immunoreactive polypeptides. La/SS-B antigen is strongly conserved across species. Anti-La/SS-B autoantibodies were originally found as precipitating autoantibodies in sera of Sjogren's Syndrome patients and referred to as SjT. Anti-La/SS-B precipitins are most frequently found in Sjogren's Syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Subacute Cutaneous Lupus. Also, there seems to be a correlation between anti-La/SS-B and the absence of nephritis in SLE patients.

Ras-related protein M-Ras (MRAS) is a member of the RAS superfamily. These family members are membrane-anchored, intracellular signal transducers in charge of various normal cellular functions. They are oncogenically stimulated in a substantial fraction of tumors. MRAS serves as a significant signal transducer for novel upstream stimuli in controlling cell proliferation.

YWHAH belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. 14-3-3 ETA is found in plants and mammals, and there is 99% identity to the mouse, rat and bovine orthologs. YWHAH gene contains a 7 base pair repeat sequence in its 5' UTR, and changes in the number of this repeat has been associated with early-onset schizophrenia.
14-3-3 eta is specific to the site of joint inflammation.
14-3-3 proteins are colocalized with Lewy bodies in Parkinson disease, though there is no specific staining for the 14-3-3 eta subunit.
There are 3 different isoforms types of 14-3-3: Beta, Gamma and ETA that are DAL-1/Protein 4.1B-binding proteins.

LIN7C has a part in establishing and preserving the asymmetric distribution of channels and receptors at the plasma membrane of polarized cells. LIN7C forms membrane-associated multiprotein complexes which regulate distribution and recycling of proteins to the appropriate membrane domains.

Alpha-hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP) is an erythroid-specific protein that acts as a chaperone to prevent the aggregation of A-hemoglobin during normal erythroid cell development. AHSP specifically protects free A-hemoglobin from precipitation in live cells and in solution. AHSP is expected to modulate pathological states of alpha-hemoglobin excess such as beta-thalassemia. Furthermore, AHSP promotes alpha globin chain stability in human erythropoiesis. In addition, the AHSP stabilizes the alpha-Hb chain, thus avoiding its precipitation and its ability to generate ROS, which is implicated in cell death. AHSP is expressed in blood and bone marrow. AHSP subunit is a monomer, it forms a heterodimer with free alpha-hemoglobin. On the other hand, AHSP does not bind beta-hemoglobin nor alpha2beta2 hemoglobin A. AHSP is downregulated in TSEs (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies).

FABP multigene family has almost 20 known members. FABPs are divided into 3 different types: hepatic, intestinal and cardiac which form 14-15 kDa proteins that take part in the uptake, intracellular metabolism and/or transport of long-chain fatty acids. FABPs are involved in the modulation of cell growth and proliferation. Intestinal FABP (FABP2) gene has a polymorphism at codon 54 that identified an alanine-encoding allele and a threonine-encoding allele. Thr-54 protein is associated with increased fat oxidation and resistance. High serum levels of FABP2 is ulcerative colitis indicates ileitis. FABP2 is has part in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein synthesis. FABP2 binds saturated long-chain fatty acids with a high affinity, but binds with a lower affinity to unsaturated long- chain fatty acids. FABP2 helps maintain energy homeostasis by functioning as a lipid sensor.

LAMTOR2 is a member of the GAMAD family. LAMTOR2 is highly conserved with a mouse protein linked with the cytoplasmic face of late endosomes and lysosomes. The mouse protein interacts with MAPK scaffold protein 1, which is a component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. LAMTOR2 gene mutation has been associated with a primary immunodeficiency syndrome in humans, proposing a role for this protein in endosomal biogenesis.

The 14-3-3 family of proteins plays a key regulatory role in signal transduction, checkpoint control, apoptotic and nutrient-sensing pathways. 14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed. There are at least seven isoforms, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ? and ? that have been identified in mammals. The 14-3-3 tau, a subtype of the 14-3-3 family of proteins, was found in T Cells, brain and testes. This 14-3-3 tau is upregulated in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Chromatin modifying protein 2A (CHMP2A) is a member of the SNF7 family and it is a component of the ESCRT III complex, which is required for MVBs (multivesicular bodies) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs.
The MVB pathway mediates release of transmembrane proteins into the lumen of the lysosome for degradation. The MVB pathway requires the sequential function of ESCRT-O, -I,-II and -III complexes. ESCRT-III proteins generally detach from the invaginating membrane before the ILV (intraluminal vesicles) is released. ESCRT-III proteins are thought to mediate the basic vesicle extrusion and/or membrane fission activities, probably in conjunction with the AAA ATPase VPS4.

Centromere protein P (CENPP) is component of the CENPA-CAD (nucleosome distal) complex, which is a complex recruited to centromeres and involved in assembly of kinetochore proteins, mitotic progression and chromosome segregation. CENPP protein is involved in incorporation of newly synthesized CENPA into centromeres by way of its interaction with the CENPA-NAC complex.

Tumor Suppressor Candidate 2, also known as TUSC2, is a part of the TUSC2 family. TUSC2 protein functions as a tumor suppressor, inhibiting colony formation, causing G1 arrest and eventually inducing apoptosis in homozygous 3p21.3 120-kb region-deficient cells.

TBP-Like 1 (TBPL1) is a member of the TBP family. The TATA box-binding protein (TBP) is an indispensable component of the basal transcriptional machinery. TBPL1 is crucial for spermiogenesis and supposed to be significant in expression of developmentally regulated genes.

Amine Oxidase Copper Containing 1 or AOC1 is n enzyme, part of the copper-containing amine oxidase group of proteins. AOC1 is responsible for oxidation of many different biogenic amines, such as neurotransmitters, xenobiotic amines & histamine. Dietary histamine intolerance and histaminosis can be caused from AOC1 deficiencies. This enzyme can also cause Tumor Progression by AKT & EMT transduction promotion in stomach cancer.

FABP7 is a brain fatty acid binding protein. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of small, highly conserved, cytoplasmic proteins that bind long-chain fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands. FABPs are are inovlved in fatty acid uptake, transport, and metabolism. FABP7 is expressed in radial glia by the activation of Notch receptors and binds DHA with the highest affinity among all of FABPs. FABP7 plays an important role in transport of hydrophobic ligand with potential morphogenic activity during cns development. FABP7 is required for the establishment of the radial glial fiber system in developing brain, a system that is necessary for the migration of immature neurons to establish cortical layers (by similarity).