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Defensins form a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence. This gene encodes defensin, beta 103A, which has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and may play an important role in innate epithelial defense.

BNIP1 belongs to the of the BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kd-interacting protein (BNIP) family. BNIP1 interacts with the E1B 19 kDa protein, which defends cells from virally-induced cell death. In addition, BNIP1 interacts with E1B 19 kDa-like sequences of BCL2 which is an additional apoptotic protector. Adding up, BNIP1 is implicated in vesicle transport into the endoplasmic reticulum. Alternative splicing results of BNIP1 in four protein products with identical N- and C-termini have been found.

CBX5 belongs to the heterochromatin protein family. CBX5 is enriched in the heterochromatin and linked with centromeres. CBX5 takes part in the creation of functional kinetochore by interaction with important kinetochore proteins. CBX5 has a pseudogene situated on chromosome 3. Additionaly, The CBX5 proteins reconnect with chromatin at the end of mitosis, as Histone H3 is dephosphorylated.

Collagen, a major component of the extracellular matrix, is a fibrous protein that provides tensile strength to tissues giving them structural integrity. Collagen and its derivative, gelatin, have been widely used in medical, pharmaceutical and consumer products for more than 100 years. The supply of these materials, created from animal remains, is both abundant and inexpensive. However, most formulations are not highly purified and have the potential to cause an inflammatory reaction in some product users. In addition, concerns have been raised over the last several years about the potential for contamination of bovine products with the agent that causes mad cow disease and its human variant, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. Animal collagens are subject to extensive modifications that continue over the life of the molecule in the extracellular space. These differences influence both the extractability of collagens from tissue and the biophysical characteristics of these collagens. As a result, collagens isolated from tissues exhibit significant lot-to-lot variability and, as bulk materials, are often analytically intractable. Products that contain animal-derived collagen can induce potentially harmful inflammatory or immune responses in humans and pose risk of contamination with viruses or prions, potentially life-threatening pathogens. Recombinant collagens are essentially identical to the native collagen protein thereby reducing the risk of inflammation, immune response, and disease as compared to animal-sourced collagen.

Interleukin-6 Signal Transducer or IL6ST is a receptor, part of the family of class 1 cytokine receptor. IL6ST binds to IL-6 through membrane-anchored or soluble IL-6R starts a connection between another complex of IL6ST and IL-6 , thus forming a homo-dimer and a signal transduction occurs.

Interleukin-3 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced primarily by activated T cells. IL-3 is thought to function via specific cell surface receptors to stimulate the proliferation, differentiation and survival of haematopoietic cell lines. IL-3 has also been shown to affect the functional activity of a variety of other cell types including mast cells, eosinophils, megakaryocytes and basophils.

MORC Family CW-Type Zinc Finger 3 (MORC3) localizes to the nuclear matrix. MORC3 takes part in the regulation of the tumor suppressor protein p53. MORC3may indicate on dermatomyositis (DM) as autoantibodies against this protein have been found in patients.

Alarelin (Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) is a synthetic LH-RH agonist that is found in higher amounts than that of LH-RH in rat hypophyseal stimulation of gonadotropin secretion in vivo and in vitro and in ovulation inductions. Alarelin is known for its induction of ovulation. Alarelin acetate is the acetate form of a hypothalamic peptide that stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland.

Ro 60 kDa autoantigen is an RNA-binding protein that binds to several small cytoplasmic RNA molecules known as Y RNAs. SSA2 may stabilize these RNAs from degradation. Sera taken from patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) often contains antibodies that react with the normal cellular SSA2 protein as if this antigen was foreign.

Golgi SNAP receptor complex member 2 isoform A (GOSR2) is a part of the SNARE Protein family which consists of important trafficking proteins between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi and between Golgi subcompartments. GOSR2 is located near a locus implicated in familial essential hypertension, indicating that it is a potential candidate gene for this disease. GOSR2 exists as cytoplasmically oriented integral membrane proteins.

The Transferrin glycoproteins are responsible for the blood levels of free iron by binding to iron in the plasma. The transferrin molecules in humans are encoded by a gene called TF. Transferrin binds to iron in a tight but reversible way. The iron levels that binds to transferrin are very low in comparison to the total body iron, nonetheless, it is extremely vital iron levels with the greatest turnover rate.

Cystatin E/M or CST6 is part of the cystatin type 2 family. Part of the cystatin type 2 family members can act as cysteine protease inhibitors, whereas cystatin E/M regulates cathepsin B inhibitors and not cathepsin C. cystatin E/M is a protein the when secreted, has an effect on osteogenesis and bone resorption, insulin regulation, response to systemic inflammation & hepatocyte growth factor receptors.

Pollen allergen Car b 1 isoform (Car b 1.0109) causes an allergic reaction in humans.

Stress-Induced Protein SAM22 (Gly m 4.0101) causes an allergic reaction in humans. Gly m 4 is the main soy allergen for patients allergic to birch pollen with soy allergy.

Lamin-A is a major component of the nuclear lamina, a dynamic meshwork located just under the nuclear envelope and it is encoded by lamin A/C gene (LMNA).
Lamin-A is synthesized as Prelamin A, a longer precursor that in vivo goes through a serial post-translational modifications that lead to mature Lamin A.
Diverse mutations in the Lamin A/C gene are associated with different diseases that are collectively called laminophaties, including Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, familiar partial lipodystrophy, limb girdle muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome.

Erythropoietin receptor, also known as EPOR arbitrates erythropoietin-induced erythroblast proliferation as well as differentiation. During EPO binding, EPOR activates Jak2 tyrosine kinase which activates various intracellular pathways including: Ras/MAP kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and STAT transcription factors. Furthermore, stimulated EPOR has a function in erythroid cell survival. Mutations in EPOR may possibly produce erythroleukemia and familial erythrocytosis. In addition, dysregulation of EPOR can affect on the growth of selected tumors.

Inhibins are dimeric peptide hormones produced by female ovarian granulose cells and male Sertoli cells as well as a variety of other tissues. Inhibins have two isoforms, A and B, with the same alpha subunit but different beta subunits. Inhibin A is a dimer of alpha and beta A subunits, inhibin B is a dimer of alpha and beta B subunits.
Inhibins are thought to inhibit the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the pituitary gland. In addition, Inhibins are also thought to play a role in the control of gametogenesis, and embryonic and fetal development.

Conglutin, also known as Ara h 6.0101 is a part of the 2S albumin protein family. Conglutin along with Ara h 2.0201 are considered as some of the most potent elicitors of anaphylaxis. Both proteins hold multiple disulphide-bridged cysteine residues, resulting in a tightly coiled, heat-stable, protease resistant core structure. Conglutin causes an allergic reaction in human and binds to IgE.

DERP1 is a thiol protease, with a preference for substrates with a large hydrophobic side chain in the P2 position, or with basic residues. DERP1 is a C1 peptidase family member. DERP1 has extensive endopeptidase specificity. DERP1 is N-glycosylated. N-glycanase treatment does not completely remove carbohydrates, suggesting that the protein contains additional glycosylation sites. DERP1 causes an allergic reaction in humans. Common symptoms of mite allergy are bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. DERP1 binds to IgE in 80% of patients with house dust allergy.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) is a small cytokine belongs to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as Monokine induced by gamma INF (MIG). CXCL9 is closely related to two other CXC chemokines called CXCL10 and CXCL11, whose genes are located near the gene for CXCL9 on human chromosome 4. CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 all elicit their chemotactic functions by interacting with the chemokine receptor CXCR3.

IL-1 alpha is produced by activated macrophages.IL-1 alpha stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing il-2 release, b-cell maturation and proliferation, and fibroblast growth factor activity. IL1A proteins take part in the inflammatory response, being identified as endogenous pyrogens, and stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells.