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Reticulocalbin 3 (RCN3) belongs to the CREC (cab45/reticulocalbin/ ERC45/calumenin) family. RCN3 contains 5 Arg-Xaa-Xaa-Arg motifs, which function as target sequences of SPCs (subtilisin-like proprotein convertases), which is a family of serine endoproteases that proteolytically activate proproteins. The synthesis of PACE4 is induced by association and coexpression with RCN3.

RELM-gamma is a novel member of the resistin-like molecule/found in inflammatory zone (RELM/FIZZ) family in mice and rats. Microarray and real-time RT-PCR experiments revealed a repression of RELMgamma mRNA in nasal respiratory epithelium of cigarette smoke-exposed versus untreated rats. The analysis of the physiological tissue-specific expression revealed highest expression in hematopoietic tissues, suggesting a cytokine-like role for RELM-gamma. RELM-gamma-mRNA is detectable in bone marrow, spleen, and lung as well as in peripheral blood granulocytes. Promyelocytic HL60 cells transfected with a RELM-gamma expression plasmid have an increased proliferation rate compared to mock-transfected cells and display an altered response to retinoic acid-induced granulocytic differentiation. Taken together, these data provide the first experimental evidence that RELM-gamma is a secreted molecule with a restricted expression pattern that may play a role in promyelocytic differentiation.

3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase 1, also known as HMGCS1 is a member of the Belongs to the HMG-CoA synthase family. HMGCS1 condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is the substrate for HMG-CoA reductase.

Defensins form a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence. This gene encodes defensin, beta 103A, which has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and may play an important role in innate epithelial defense.

Interleukin-7 receptor (IL7R) ,is a hematopoietin receptor superfamily member. IL7R takes a vital part in lymphocyte differentiation, proliferation, multiple sclerosis, as well as survival. IL7R protein signaling is vital for T-cell development and regulation of native and memory T-cell homeostasis. Likewise, IL7R is critically needed for the proper function & development of lymphoid cells.

Tumor necrosis factor is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and is a member of a group of cytokines that all stimulate the acute phase reaction. TNF is mainly secreted by macrophages.
TNF causes apoptotic cell death, cellular proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, tumorigenesis and viral replication, TNF is also involved in lipid metabolism, and coagulation. TNF's primary role is in the regulation of immune cells.
Dysregulation and, in particular, overproduction of TNF have been implicated in a variety of human diseases- autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer.

Interleukin-4 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced primarily by activated T lymphocytes, basophils and mast cells. Multiple immune response-modulating functions are performed by IL-4 on a variety of cell types and it has an important role in the regulator of isotype switching, induction of IgE production in B lymphocytes and differentiation of precursor T helper cells. IL-4 binds to both membrane-bound and secreted soluble IL-4 receptors.

Il-6 is a cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions: it plays an essential role in the final differentiation of b-cells into ig-secreting cells, it induces myeloma and plasmacytoma growth, it induces nerve cells differentiation, in hepatocytes it induces acute phase reactants.

CNTF is a polypeptide hormone whose actions appear to be restricted to the nervous system where it promotes neurotransmitter synthesis and neurite outgrowth in certain neuronal populations. The protein is a potent survival factor for neurons and oligodendrocytes and may be relevant in reducing tissue destruction during inflammatory attacks. A mutation in this gene, which results in aberrant splicing, leads to ciliary neurotrophic factor deficiency, but this phenotype is not causally related to neurologic disease. In addition to the predominant monocistronic transcript originating from this locus, the gene is also co-transcribed with the upstream ZFP91 gene. Co-transcription from the two loci results in a transcript that contains a complete coding region for the zinc finger protein but lacks a complete coding region for ciliary neurotrophic factor.
CNTF is a survival factor for various neuronal cell types. Seems to prevent the degeneration of motor axons after axotomy.

SAA1 protein is an acute phase apolipoprotein reactant which is produced mostly by hepatocytes and under regulation of inflammatory cytokines. SAA1 (Serum amyloid A1) protein is produced mainly in the liver and circulates in low levels in the blood. The SAA1 seems to have a role in the immune system. SAA1 protein levels increase in the blood and other tissues under conditions of inflammation. SAA1 may facilitate the repair of injured tissues; it also acts as an antibacterial agent, and signals the migration of germ-fighting cells to sites of infection. SAA1 also functions as an apolipoprotein of the HDL complex.
Elevated levels of SAA1 ultimately affect secondary amyloidosis, extracellular amassing of amyloid fibrils, resulting from a circulating precursor, in a variety of tissues and organs. The most widespread type of amyloidosis appears secondary to chronic inflammatory disease, mainly rheumatoid arthritis. The SAA1 cleavage product a designated amyloid protein A is deposited systemically as amyloid in vital organs such as the liver, spleen, and kidneys in chronic inflammatory diseases patients. These deposits are extremely insoluble and resistant to proteolysis; they disrupt tissue structure and compromise performance.

Adenosine Kinase is an abundant enzyme in mammalian tissues which catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-phosphate from ATP to adenosine, thus is as a regulator of concentrations of both extracellular adenosine and intracellular adenine nucleotides. Adenosine has extensive effects on the cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, and immune systems and inhibitors of the enzyme take a crucial pharmacological part in growing intravascular adenosine concentrations and acting as anti-inflammatory agents.

Axin interactor, dorsalization-associated (AIDA) operates as a ventralizing factor during embryogenesis. AIDA inhibits axin-mediated JNK activation by binding axin and disrupting axin homodimerization. That in turn antagonizes a Wnt/beta-catenin-independent dorsalization pathway activated by AXIN/JNK-signaling.

Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I F (HLA-F) belongs to the MHC family which takes part in the presentation of antigens to the T cell receptor. HLA-F is a member of the class I molecules which are expressed in virtually all cells. There are 2 classes of HLA antigens. Class I molecules takes an important part in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from the endoplasmic reticulum.

N-Acetylgalactosaminidase Alpha (NAGA) is a lysosomal exoglycosidase which removes terminal alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine residues from glycopeptides and glycolipids. NAGA is necessary for the breakdown of glycolipids.

HSP104 is a molecular chaperone required for stress tolerance and for maintenance of [psi(+)] prions in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hsp104 can protect yeast cells against high temperature and high concentration of ethanol but mutation studies have shown this protein is not required for normal growth. Hsp104 was cloned into an E. coli expression vector and was purified to apparent homogeneity by using conventional column chromatography techniques.

DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 6 (DNAJB6) belongs to the DNAJ protein family. The DNAJ family members are characterized by a highly conserved amino acid stretch known as the 'J-domain' and function as one of the two major classes of molecular chaperones involved in a wide range of cellular events, such as protein folding and oligomeric protein complex assembly. DNAJB6 may also play a role in polyglutamine aggregation in specific neurons.

ADP-Ribosylation Factor Interacting Protein 1 (ARFIP1) contains 1 AH domain and is a putative target protein of ADP-ribosylation factor.

Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2 (ARPC2), is a part of the Rho family of small GTPases and one of seven subunits of the human Arp2/3 protein complex. The Arp2/3 protein complex has been implicated in the control of actin polymerization in cells and has been conserved through evolution. Nevertheless, the exact role of the protein (the p34 subunit) has yet to be determined.

Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma Chromosome Region, Candidate 1 (ASPSCR1) contains a UBX domain and interacts with glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). ASPSCR1 is a tether, which sequesters the GLUT4 in intracellular vesicles in muscle and fat cells, and redistributes the GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. Translocation t(X;17)(p11;q25) of this ASPSCR1 with transcription factor TFE3 gene ends with a ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion protein in alveolar soft part sarcoma and in renal cell carcinomas.

Enoyl-CoA Delta Isomerase 1 (ECI1) is a main mitochondrial enzyme which takes part in beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. ECI1 is a member of the hydratase/isomerase superfamily. ECI1 catalyzes the transformation of 3-cis and 3-trans-enoyl-CoA esters to the 2-trans-enoylCoA intermediates.

SORBS3 is an SH3 domain-containing adaptor protein. The existence of SH3 domains in the SORBS3 protein have a role in its capability to attach to other cytoplasmic molecules and contribute to cystoskeletal organization, cell adhesion and migration, signaling, and gene expression. Various transcript variants encoding different isoforms are known for this gene.

Pro-Epidermal Growth Factor Isoform 1 or EGF, is a globular peptide (77aa residues) which includes three intra molecular disulfide bonds. This protein acts as a growth factor that mediates the growth and proliferation of different epithelial & epidermal cells. Among other processes that EGF is part of are inhibition of gastric secretion and wound healing. EGF is a ligand for class I tyrosine kinase receptor (c-erbB).

SPARC, an acronym for “secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine”, is also known as osteonectin or BM-40. It is the founding member of a family of secreted matricellular proteins with similar domain structure. The 303 amino acid, 43 kDa protein contains a 17 aa signal sequence, an N-terminal acidic region that binds calcium, a follistatin domain containing Kazal-like sequences, and a C-terminal extracellular calcium (EC) binding domain with two EF-hand motifs. SPARC is produced by fibroblasts, capillary endothelial cells, platelets and macrophages, especially in areas of tissue morphogenesis and remodeling. SPARC shows context-specific effects, but generally inhibits adhesion, spreading and proliferation, and promotes collagen matrix formation. For endothelial cells, SPARC disrupts focal adhesions and binds and sequesters PDGF and VEGF. SPARC is abundantly expressed in bone, where it promotes osteoblast differentiation and inhibits adipogenesis.

Synaptonemal complex central element protein 3 (SYCE3) is key component of the transverse central element of synaptonemal complexes (SCS). The synaptonemal complex is a protein structure which forms between homologous chromosomes (2 pairs of sister chromatids) during meiosis and is assumed to mediate chromosome pairing, synapsis, and recombination (crossing-over). The SYCE3 protein is essential for chromosome loading of the central element-specific SCS proteins, as well as for initiating synapsis between homologous chromosomes. SYCE3 is also vital for fertility.