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TNNT2 is the tropomyosin-binding subunit of the troponin complex, which is situated on the thin filament of striated muscles and regulates muscle contraction in response to alterations in intracellular calcium ion concentration. Mutations in TNNT2 gene can lead to familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as well as dilated cardiomyopathy. TNNT2 mutation takes part in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

IFN-alpha 1b is produced by macrophages, IFN-alpha 1b has antiviral activities and stimulates the production of two enzymes: a protein kinase and an oligoadenylate synthetase.

Angiopoietin-related protein 7 (ANGPTL7), belongs to the angiopoietin-like family of molecules. ANGPTL7 is expressed in the corneal stroma, trabecular meshwork, and sclera. ANGPTL7 production is up-regulated in trabecular meshwork cells by glucocorticoids and TGF-Beta and in cartilage by TNF-alpha.

Galectin-4 is a member of the subfamily of galectins composed of two carbohydrate recognition domains having similar peptide chains. The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins having a role in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, which inhibits chronic inflammations, GVHD, and allergic responses. LGALS4 expression is limited to small intestine, colon, and rectum, and it is underexpressed in colorectal cancer. LGALS4 binds as an endogenous ligand to glycosphingolipids having 3-O-sulfated Gal residues and bind as well to cholesterol-3-sulfate. LGALS4 takes part in cell adhesion. LGALS4 plays a role in crosslinking the lateral cell membranes of the surface-lining epithelial cells, thus supporting epithelial integrity against mechanical stress exerted by the bowel lume. LGALS4 is in charge of intestinal inflammation via selective regulation of peripheral and mucosal T-cell cell cycle, in addition to cell death by apoptosis of T-cells by a pathway independent of the activation of caspases. LGALS4 blockade decreases TNF-alpha inhibitor induced T-cell death. LGALS4 decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion including IL-6 & IL-17.

Polcalcin Aln g 4 (Aln G 4.0101) causes an allergic reaction in humans.

GMCSF is a cytokine that controls the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes and macrophages. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a homodimer. This gene has been localized to a cluster of related genes at chromosome region 5q31, which is known to be associated with interstitial deletions in the 5q- syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. Other genes in the cluster include those encoding interleukins 4, 5, and 13.
GM-CSF stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and erythrocytes.

ULBP1 together with at least ULBP2 and ULBP3, is ligand for the NKG2D receptor. ULBPs stimulate various signaling pathways in primary NK cells, which result in cytokines and chemokines production. In CMV infected cells, ULBP1 cooperates with soluble CMV glycoprotein UL16 to inhibit the interaction with the NKG2D receptor providing a mechanism by which CMV infected cells escape the immune system. Additionally, UL16 retains ULBP1 to the ER and cis-Golgi apparatus to prevent it from reaching cell surface.

A human infecting coronavirus (viral pneumonia) called 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV was found in the fish market at the city of Wuhan, Hubei province of China on December 2019.

The 2019-nCoV shares an 87% identity to the 2 bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome 2018 SARS-CoV-2 located in Zhoushan of eastern China. 2019-nCoV has an analogous receptor-BD-structure to that of 2018 SARS-CoV, even though there is a.a. diversity so thus the 2019-nCoV might bind to ACE2 receptor protein (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) in humans.

While bats are possibly the host of 2019-nCoV, researchers suspect that animal from the ocean sold at the seafood market was an intermediate host. RSCU analysis proposes that the 2019-nCoV is a recombinant within the viral spike glycoprotein between the bat coronavirus and an unknown coronavirus.

Maltose Binding Protein is a member of the maltose/maltodextrin system of E.Coli, which is accountable for the uptake and efficient catabolism of maltodextrins. The maltose/maltodextrin is a complex regulatory and transport system involving many proteins and protein complexes.
MBP elevates the yield of its fusion partner in many cases and is often able to promote the solubility of polypeptides to which it is fused.

KRT18 encodes the type I intermediate filament chain keratin 18. Keratin 18, together with its filament partner keratin 8, are perhaps the most commonly found members of the intermediate filament gene family. They are expressed in single layer epithelial tissues of the body. Mutations in this gene have been linked to cryptogenic cirrhosis. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.

Endothelial sialomucin (Endomucin) interferes with the assembly of focal adhesion complexes and inhibits interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix. Endomucin is expressed in the heart, kidney and lung.

Endoglin is a type I membrane glycoprotein located on cell surfaces and is part of the TGF beta receptor complex.
The Endoglin protein consists of a homodimer of 180 kDA with disulfide links. Endoglin has been found on endothelial cells, activated macrophages, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, Endoglin has been found to be part of the TGF-beta1 receptor complex. Endoglin thus may be involved in the binding of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta3, activin-A, BMP-2, and BMP-7. Beside TGF-beta signaling endoglin may have other functions. It has been postulated that endoglin is involved in the cytoskeletal organization affecting cell morphology and migration. Endoglin has a role in the development of the cardiovascular system and in vascular remodeling. Endoglin expression is regulated during heart development . Experimental mice without the endoglin gene die due to cardiovascular abnormalities.

Filamin binding LIM protein 1 (FBLIM1) plays a role as an anchoring site for cell-ECM adhesion proteins and filamin-containing actin filaments. FBLIM1 is involved in cell shape spreading and motility. FBLIM1 participates in the regulation of filamin-mediated cross-linking and stabilization of actin filaments. FBLIM1 promotes stimulation of integrins and regulates integrin-mediated cell-cell adhesion.

Platelet factor-4 is a 70-amino acid protein that is released from the alpha-granules of activated platelets and binds with high affinity to heparin. Its major physiologic role appears to be neutralization of heparin-like molecules on the endothelial surface of blood vessels, thereby inhibiting local antithrombin III activity and promoting coagulation. As a strong chemoattractant for neutrophils and fibroblasts, PF4 probably has a role in inflammation and wound repair. Oncostatin-A is a member of the CXC chemokine family. Human PF4 is used for the proof of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Furthermore it is used as an inhibitor in the angiogenesis during tumor therapy.

Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase II Inhibitor 1 (CAMK2N1), which interacts with CAMK2B, is a part of the CAMK2N family. CAMK2N1 is also interacts with CAMK2A in a way which requires CAMK2A activation by Ca2+. CAMK2N1 is potent and specific inhibitor of CaM-kinase II (CAMK2).

Glutamic-Pyruvate Transaminase 2 (GPT2) catalyzes the reversible transamination among alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to create pyruvate and glutamate. GPT2 expressed mainly in muscle, fat and kidney and participates in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and amino acids.

Glutamic-Pyruvate Transaminase 2 (GPT2) catalyzes the reversible transamination among alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to create pyruvate and glutamate. GPT2 expressed mainly in muscle, fat and kidney and participates in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and amino acids.

PTHrP is a powerful and discriminating agonist of PTH2R which takes part in adenyl cyclase activation and intracellular calcium levels elevation. PTHrP encourages protein kinase C beta activation, recruitment of beta-arrestin and PTH2R internalization. Additionally, PTHrP inhibits cell proliferation through its contribution to PTH2R activation, activates nociceptors and nociceptive circuits and acts as a neuropeptide in spermatogenesis.

Synaptotagmin-1(SYT1) is a member of the synaptotagmin family, which contains two C2 domains. The synaptotagmins are integral membrane proteins of synaptic vesicles assumed to function as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis. SYT1 is the principal regulator responsible for allowing the human brain to release neurotransmitters. SYT1 may have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse. SYT1 binds acidic phospholipids with a specificity which entails the presence of both an acidic head group and a diacyl backbone. SYT1 can also bind to at least 3 additional proteins in a Ca2+-independent manner; these being neurexins, syntaxin and AP2.

MAD2L1-binding protein (MAD2L1) is a component of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint that prevents the onset of anaphase until all chromosomes are properly aligned at the metaphase plate. MAD2L1 is vital for the execution of the mitotic checkpoint which monitors the process of kinetochore-spindle attachment and inhibits the activity of the anaphase promoting complex by sequestering CDC20 until all chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate.

Procalcitonin is a peptide hormone mainly produced by the C cells of the thyroid and certain endocrine cells of the lung. Under normal expression conditions, procalcitonin is immediately cleaved into three specific fragments, an N terminal residue, calcitonin and katacalcin. Levels of unprocessed procalcitonin rise significantly after bacterial infection, trauma or shock.

CRP is an acute phase protein that correlates with inflammatory disease and is synthesized by hepatocytes during the acute phase response by certain cytokines (IL-1 and TNF Alpha and Beta). CRP levels increase dramatically and serve as a useful marker of inflammation in such conditions as bacterial infection, rheumatoid arthritis, viral infections, transplantation rejection, meningitis, myocardial infarction, septicemia, osteomyelitis and others. CRP is also highly correlated to Serum Amyloid A levels.

Developmentally-regulated GTP-binding protein 1 (DRG1) is a member of the GTP1/OBG family. DRG1 has a role in cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as in apoptosis, proposing a role in tumor formation and metastasis. Expression of the DRG1 was considerably reduced in breast tumor cells, particularly in patients with lymph node or bone metastasis as compared to those with localized breast cancer. The DRG1 protein is expressed at high levels in the heart, kidney and skeletal muscle and at lower levels in the brain, liver, placenta, lung, colon and spleen.

SNRPA associates with stem loop II of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein, which binds the 5' splice site of precursor mRNAs and is essential for splicing. The SNRPA protein autoregulates itself by polyadenylation inhibition of its own pre-mRNA via dimerization and is involved in the coupling of splicing and polyadenylation. SNRPA binds stem loop II of U1 snRNA. SNRPA is the first snRNP to interact with pre-mRNA. This interaction is vital for the subsequent binding of U2 snRNP and the U4/U6/U5 tri-snRNP.