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GDF-11 belongs to the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the TGF-beta superfamily. GDF-11 is a central developmental factor which controls muscular and neural development. In adults, GDF-11 encourages cardiac hypertrophy reverse by the revival of cardiomyocytes.

GDNF Family Receptor Alpha 3 (GFRA3) belongs to the GDNF receptor family. GFRA3 creates a signaling receptor complex with RET tyrosine kinase receptor and binds the ligand, artemin (ARTN).

Secretoglobin Family 1D, Member 1 (SCGB1D1) belongs to the lipophilin subfamily, part of the uteroglobin superfamily, and is an ortholog of prostatein (which is the major secretory glycoprotein of the rat ventral prostate gland). SCGB1D1 binds androgens and other steroids. In addition SCGB1D1 binds chemotherapeutic drugs during the prostate cancer treatment. Steroid hormones regulate the SCGB1D1 transcription. SCGB1D1 is secreted into extracellular space. SCGB1D1 gene product represents one component of a heterodimeric molecule found in human tears whose elution profile is consistent with prostatein (which is a tetrameric molecule comprised of 3 peptide components in heterodimers).

ASCC1 is a subunit of the triggering signal cointegrator 1 (ASC-1) complex which is a transcriptional coactivator. ASC-1 complex takes a vital part in gene transactivation using various transcription factors such as activating protein 1 (AP-1), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) and serum response factor (SRF). ASCC1 has an N-terminal KH-type RNA-binding motif, essential for AP-1 transactivation by the ASC-1 complex. Alterations in ASCC1 result in Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

SMCP is a protein-coding gene. SMCP localizes to the capsule linked with the mitochondrial outer membranes and assumed to function in the organization and stabilization of the helical structure of the sperm's mitochondrial sheath. Sperm mitochondria vary in morphology and subcellular localization from those of somatic cells. They are elongated, flattened, and arranged circumferentially construct a helical coiled sheath in the midpiece of the sperm flagellum. Diseases associated with SMCP include middle ear disease, and hard palate cancer.

SPINT2 is a transmembrane protein acts as an inhibitor of HGF activator. SPINT2 inhibits plasmin, plasma and tissue kallikrein, and factor XIa. SPINT2 has two extracellular Kunitz domains that inhibit few serine proteases. SPINT2 is assumed tumor suppressor, mutations in SPINT2 leads to a congenital sodium diarrhea.

Energy Homeostasis Associated (ENHO) participates in glucose homeostasis maintenance and lipid metabolism. ENHO is expressed in the liver and the brain. The role of ENHO in obesity or diabetes is studied.

Peptidase Inhibitor 16 (PI16) which a member of the CRISP family, is a putative serine protease inhibitor. PI16 interacts with PSP94/MSMB. PI16 is expressed in the prostate, testis, ovary and intestine. It also concentrates in prostate cancer patient's sera. PI16 may serve as a marker following prostatectomy for prostate cancer.

CD164, also known as Multi-Glycosylated Core Protein 24 is amember of the CD164 family.

GDP Dissociation Inhibitor 1 (GDI1) is expressed mainly in neural and sensory tissues. GDI1 regulates the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of nearly all Rab proteins by inhibiting the dissociation of GDP from them, and the subsequent binding of GTP to them. GDI1 is also promoting the dissociation of GDP-bound Rab proteins from the membrane and inhibits their activation. Mutations in GDI1 have been associated with X-linked nonspecific mental retardation.

TSC22 domain family protein 3 (TSC22D3) protects T-cells from IL2 deprivation-induced apoptosis through the inhibition of FOXO3A transcriptional activity which initiates the down-regulation of the pro-apoptotic factor BCL2L11. In macrophages, TSC22D3 has a role in the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids and IL10. In T-cells, TSC22D3 hinders anti-CD3-induced NFKB1 nuclear translocation. In vitro, TSC22D3 curbs AP1 and NFKB1 DNA-binding activities.

Twinfilin (TWF1) is a ubiquitous actin-monomer-binding protein which is composed of two ADF-homology domains. Twinfilin forms a 1:1 complex with ADP-actin-monomers, prevents nucleotide exchange on actin monomers and blocks assembly of the monomer into filaments. TWF1 is composed of 2 ADF/cofilin-like (ADF-H) domains joined by a short linker region and followed by a C-terminal tail of approximately 20 residues. The 2 ADF-H domains are approximately 20% homologous to ADF/cofilin and to each other. TWF1 protein may be an actin monomer-binding protein, and its localization to cortical G-actin-rich structures might be regulated by the small GTPase RAC1.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells. It is also synthesized by endothelial cells, which store IL-8 in their storage vesicles, the Weibel-Palade bodies.
When first encountering an antigen, the primary cells to encounter it are the macrophages who phagocytose the particle. Upon processing, they release chemokines to signal other immune cells to come in to the site of inflammation. IL-8 is one such chemokine. It serves as a chemical signal that attracts neutrophils at the site of inflammation, and therefore is also known as Neutrophil Chemotactic Factor.

Ebolavirus (EVD) belongs to the Filoviridae family of proteins which is comprised of a single-strand, non-infectious RNA genome. EVD genome is about 19,000 base pairs long and covers 7 genes in the order 3'-UTR-NP-VP35-VP40-GP-VP30-VP24-L-5'-UTR. There are 4 different ebolaviruses such as: Zaire (EBO-Z), Sudan (EBO-S), Cote d’Ivoire (EBO-CI) and Reston (EBO-R) that differ in amino acid sequence and location of where the gene overlaps. Similar to filoviruses and ebolavirions, EVD is a filamentous element that could appear in 3 forms: shepherd's crook, U shape or a 6 shape. Ebolaviruses may be coiled, toroid, or branched. Most ebolavirions are 80nm wideand 14,000nm long.

SAR1A is a member of the small GTPase superfamily. SAR1A is a vital component of COPII vesicle coats involved in export of cargo from the ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum). The GTPase activity of SAR1A serves as a molecular switch to control protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions which dictate vesicle budding from the ER. SAR1A, while GDP-bound interacts with the membrane-bound exchange factor Sec12 and trades its bound GDP for GTP. SAR1A is also involved in the transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. SAR1A is required to maintain SEC16A localization at distinct locations on the ER membrane possibly by preventing its dissociation. SAR1A-GTP-dependent compilation of SEC16A on the ER membrane creates a structured scaffold defining endoplasmic reticulum exit sites.

CUE Domain Containing 2 also known as CUEDC2 is a part of the CUEDC2 family and contains 1 CUE domain. CUEDC2 down-regulates ESR1 protein levels through the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway and controls PGR protein levels through a parallel mechanism.

SCO Cytochrome Oxidase Deficient Homolog 1, also known as SCO1 is a member of the SCO1/2 family. Mammalian cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyzes the transfer of reducing equivalents from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Furthermore, in yeast, two related COX assembly genes, SCO1 & SCO2 which are synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase, enable subunits 1 as well as 2 to be incorporated into the holoprotein. This gene is the human homolog to the yeast SCO1 gene. Among the diseases associated with SCO1 are hepatic failure, early-onset, neurologic disorder due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency and fatal infantile cytochrome c oxidase deficiency.

Myosin Light Chain 6B (MYL6B) is a heavy chain regulator located in smooth muscle and non-muscle Myosin complexes. Contractile activity in the smooth muscle is regulated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of Myosin light chain by Myosin light chain kinase. MYL6B doesn’t bind calcium during contraction. MYL6B is mostly found as a hexamer consisting of 4 light chains and 2 heavy chains. MYL6B usually interacts with Myosin Va, an Actin based motor which moves in large steps. MYL6B is expressed in the majority of tissues with neurons, while smooth muscle tissue having the highest expression.

SGTA is a ubiquitously expressed protein that contains three TPR protein-protein interaction duplicates. SGTA takes part as a component of the androgen receptor (AR)-chaperone-cochaperone complex, functions as a cochaperone and participates in androgen signaling. SGTA binds directly to HSC70 and HSP70 and mediates their ATPase activity. SGTA gene encodes a protein that is able to interact with the chief nonstructural protein of parvovirus H-1 and 70-kDa heat shock cognate. In addition, SGTA interacts with Vpu and Gag from HIV-1, SARS-CoV accessory protein 7a, DNAJC5 and DNAJC5B. Since this transcript is expressed universally in several tissues, SGTA serves a housekeeping function. While being involved in apoptosis and androgen signaling, SGTA is a possible molecule for polycystic ovary syndrome, a disorder characterized by androgen excess, obesity and menstrual disturbances.

SMAD4 is part of the SMAD family of proteins that mediate signal transduction by the TGF-beta/activin/BMP-2/4 cytokine superfamily from receptor Ser/Thr protein kinases at the cell surface to the nucleus. SMAD4 promotes the binding of the SMAD2/SMAD4/FAST-1 complex to DNA and provides the function of activation required for SMAD1 or SMAD2 to stimulate transcription acts as a tumor suppressor. SMAD4 is a target molecule for functional inactivation in cervical cancer. SMAD4 is an important biomarker for malignant transformation atakes part in inducing apoptosis by modulating Bcl-2/Bax balance.

Neuregulin/Heregulin is a family of structurally related polypeptide growth factors which are stemmed from alternatively spliced genes (NRG1, NRG2, NRG3 and NRG4). There are more than 14 soluble and transmembrane proteins derived from the NRG1 gene. Proteolytic processing of the extracellular domain of the transmembrane NRG1 isoforms release soluble growth factors. These isoforms contain the heregulins (HRGs), glial growth factors (GGFs) and sensory and motor neuron-derived factor (SMDF). All these factors have the Ig and EGF-like domain, and are able to bind to ErbB3 and ErbB4 receptor tyrosin kinases. This binding stimulates erb3 and erb4 heterodimerization with erb2, promoting intrinsic kinase activity, which results in tyrosine phosphorylation. NRG1 isoforms induce the growth and differentiation of epithelial, neuronal, glial, and other types of cells.

PCDHGL4 belongs to one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five - the protocadherin gamma gene cluster. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, which indicates that a novel mechanism takes part in their regulation and expression. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins have a vital role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain.

TBCA is a tubulin-folding protein which is involved in the early step of the tubulin folding pathway. TBCA is one of four proteins (cofactors A, D, E, and C) implicated in the pathway directing to properly folded beta-tubulin from folding intermediates. Cofactors A and D are thought to be a factor in capturing and stabilizing beta-tubulin in a quasi-native confirmation. TBCA is crucial for cell viability, if reduced it causes a decrease in the amount of soluble tubulin, alterations in microtubules and G1 cell cycle arrest. Cofactor E attaches to the cofactor D-tubulin complex, afterward, interaction with cofactor C triggers the release of tubulin polypeptides that are committed to the native state.