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CRP is an acute phase protein that correlates with inflammatory disease and is synthesized by hepatocytes during the acute phase response by certain cytokines (IL-1 and TNF Alpha and Beta). CRP levels increase dramatically (up to 1,000 fold) and serve as a useful marker of inflammation in such conditions as bacterial infection, rheumatoid arthritis, viral infections, transplantation rejection, meningitis, myocardial infarction, septicemia, osteomyelitis and others. CRP is also highly correlated to Serum Amyloid A levels.

Activins are homodimers or heterodimers of the different β subunit isoforms, part of the TGFβ family. Mature Activin A has two 116 amino acids residues βA subunits (βA-βA). Activin displays an extensive variety of biological activities, including mesoderm induction, neural cell differentiation, bone remodelling, haematopoiesis, and reproductive physiology. Activins takes part in the production and regulation of hormones such as FSH, LH, GnRH and ACTH. Cells that are identified to express Activin A include fibroblasts, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, keratinocytes, osteoclasts, bone marrow monocytes, prostatic epithelium, neurons, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and ovarian granulosa cells.

BP-1 gene, a member of the DLX homeobox gene family, is overexpressed in 80% of breast cancer patients, and thus represents a potential new target for diagnosis and treatment.
Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly (Drosophila). The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. The DLX proteins are postulated to play a role in forebrain and craniofacial development. Three transcript variants have been described for this gene, however, the full length nature of one variant has not been described. Studies of the two splice variants revealed that one encoded isoform functions as a repressor of the beta-globin gene while the other isoform lacks that function.

Proline-Serine-Threonine Phosphatase Interacting Protein 1 (PSTPIP1) which is a scaffold protein and a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton binds ABL1, PTPN18, WAS, CD2AP, and PTPN12. PSTPIP1 also binds to the cytoplasmic tail of CD2, an effector of T cell activation and adhesion, negatively affecting CD2-triggered T cell activation. Mutations in PSTPIP1 are a cause of PAPA syndrome.

Drosophila that have mutations in their MAGOH gene produce progeny with defects in germplasm assembly and germline development. MAGOH, the human homolog of Drosophila mago nashi, is necessary for embryo development. In mammals, mRNA expression is not limited to the germ plasm, but is expressed ubiquitously in adult tissues and is induced by serum stimulation of quiescent fibroblast.

Growth arrest and DNA Damage-Inducible Protein (GADD45A) binds both Cdks and PCNA. GADD45A is involved in DNA replication and repair. GADD45A stimulates DNA excision repair in vitro and inhibits entry of cells into S phase. GADD45A may serve as a link between p53-dependent cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair. The GADD45A gene belongs to a group of genes whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents. GADD45A responds to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway via MTK1/MEKK4 kinase. GADD45A binds to proliferating cell nuclear antigen.

CCL3L1 is a small cytokine that belongs to the CC chemokines. The CCL3L1 gene is one of several cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. CCL3L1 is involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. CCL3L1 binds to several chemokine receptors including CCBP2 and CCR5. CCR5 is a co-receptor for HIV, and binding of the CCL3L1 protein to CCR5 inhibits HIV entry.

RANGRF is a protein which acts as a guanine nucleotide release factor in mouse and regulates the expression and function of the Nav1.5 cardiac sodium channel in human. RANGRF also controls the intracellular trafficking of RAN. In cardiac cells, the RANGRF appears to regulate the cell surface localization of SCN5A.

GDF15 is part of the TGF-Beta superfamily which is involved in regulating inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in injured tissues and throughout disease processes. GDF15 is most abundant in the liver. Its expression in liver can be considerably up-regulated in during injury of organs such as liver, kidney, heart and lung. GDF-15 promotes proliferation or growth arrest and differentiation due to differences in cellular differentiation. GDF15 prevents apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons by activating Akt and inhibiting endogenously active ERK. GDF15 is a novel autocrine/endocrine factor that antagonizes the hypertrophic response and loss of ventricular performance.

Gastrokine 3 (GKN3P) is a Pseudogene, which May inhibit gastric epithelial cell proliferation.

Gametocyte Specific Factor 1 (GTSF1) is a member of the UPF0224 (FAM112) family and contains 1 CHHC-type zinc finger. A key paralog of the GTSF1 gene is GTSF1L.

PLCXD3, also referred to asphosphatidylinositol Specific Phospholipase C X Domain Containing 3, contains 1 PI-PLC X-box domain. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, is one of the diseases linked with PLCXD3. It is related to Ectoderm Differentiation, obsolete signal transducer activity and phosphoric diester hydrolase activity.

Retinol binding protein 4(RBP4) belongs to the lipocalin family and is the specific carrier for retinol (vitamin A alcohol) in the blood. This protein was found to be expressed and secreted by adipose tissue, and was strongly associated with insulin resistance. It delivers retinol from the liver stores to the peripheral tissues. In plasma, the RBP-retinol complex interacts with transthyretin which prevents its loss by filtration through the kidney glomeruli. RBP4 delivers retinol from the liver to the peripheral tissues. In plasma, the rbp-retinol complex interacts with transthyretin, this prevents its loss by filtration through the kidney glomeruli.

The GAGA factor is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein, which participates in the regulation of the expression of a variety of different classes of genes in Drosophila such as many developmentally regulated genes, stress induced genes, and cell cycle regulated genes, as well as housekeeping genes. GAGA contains a C-terminal glutamine-rich domain and a highly conserved N-terminal POZ domain which reported to be involved in self-oligomerization in a number of other POZ domain containing proteins. In case of GAGA protein, the N-terminal POZ domain mediates the formation of oligomers both in vitro and in vivo.

TBE is caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the family Flaviviridae.
A closely related virus in Far Eastern Eurasia, Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus (RSSEV).
The family Flaviviridae includes other tick-borne viruses are closely related to TBEV and RSSEV, such as Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus & Kyasanur Forest virus.
Louping ill virus is also a member of this family.

C3 is central to the activation of all 3 pathways of complement activation. Initiation of each pathway generates proteolytic enzyme complexes which binds the target surface. These enzymes cleave a peptide bond in C3 releasing the anaphylatoxin C3a and activating C3b. Most of the C3 activated during complement activation never attaches to the surface due to its thioester reaction with water forming fluid phase C3b which is rapidly inactivated by factors H and I forming iC3b. Surface-bound C3b is necessary in all 3 pathways for efficient activation of C5 and formation of C5b-9 complexes that lyse the target cell membrane.

SPG21 binds to the hydrophobic C-terminal amino acids of CD4 which take part in suppression of CD-4 dependant T cell activation. The interaction with CD4 is mediated by the noncatalytic alpha/beta hydrolase fold domain. SPG21 adapts the stimulatory activity of CD4. SPG21 is broadly expressed in diverse tissues including heart, brain, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas. Mutations in SPG21 cause Mast syndrome, an autosomal-recessive complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia characterized by dementia, thin corpus callosum and white matter abnormalities.

Prohibitin (PHB) is an evolutionarily conserved gene that is ubiquitously expressed and which Mutations have been linked to sporadic breast cancer. PHB is thought to be a negative regulator of cell proliferation and may be a tumor suppressor. Prohibitin is expressed as two transcripts with changeable lengths of 3' untranslated region. The longer transcript is present at higher levels in proliferating tissues and cells, proposing that this longer 3' untranslated region functions as a trans-acting regulatory RNA.

Troponin Complex is a heteromeric protein playing an important role in the regulation of skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction. It consists of three subunits, Troponin I, Troponin T and TroponinC. Each subunit is responsible for part of Troponin Complex function. E.g. Troponin I inhibits ATP-ase activity of acto-myosin.Troponin T and Troponin Iare presented in cardiac muscles in different forms than in skeletal muscles. Purified subunits of rcTnI, rcTnC and rcTnT are recomplexed in vitro under appropriate conditions.

C3d is derived from human C3 after a series of proteolytic cleavages.C3d is prepared from purified human C3. The C3 is converted to C3b by treatment with the natural human C3 convertase and this C3b is converted to iC3b. Finally, this iC3b is cleaved with trypsin to yield C3d.If the C3b precursor was attached to a surface (as occurs during complement activation) the iC3b, C3dg and C3d fragments would remain covalently attached to that surface.C3d is able to attach to a surfaceonly during complement activation on a surface. Surface-bound C3d is linked to the target through an ester or an amide covalent bond. Ester bonds are unstable, thusC3d releasesfrom the particle.

Urinary-Trypsin Inhibitor is a glucoprotein proteinase inhibitor which inhibits the activity of trypsin, chymotrypsin, lactate, lipase, hyaluronidase and various pancreatic enzymes. Ulinastatin is effective for acute pancreatitis, chronic recurrent pancreatitis and hemorrhagic, traumatic and endotoxic shocks. Ulinastatin is has strong inhibition effect to various protease, sugar and fat hydrolase. Ulinastatin precursor is proteolytically processed into distinct functioning proteins. Urinary trypsin inhibitor belongs to the superfamily of Kunitz-type protease inhibitors and plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. Uristatin gene is located on chromosome 9 in a cluster of lipocalin genes.
High levels of Ulinastatin secretion is an early marker of renal tubular involvement and has radical scavenging activity. Bikunin localizes cell membrane.
Free uristatin and bikunin pass readily into urine and are primarily bound to heavy chains that constitute the proinhibitor form in plasma. UTI has a calculated Mw of approx. 20kDa and 40kDa by SDS-PAGE analysis.
Ulinastatin particularly interacts with ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus and in charge for enhancing alpha microglobulin export from the hepatocyte.

The recombinant Protein A/G/L is a genetically engineered protein which combines the IgG binding profiles of all Protein A, Protein G and Protein L. Protein A/G/L is a gene fusion product. Recombinant fusion protein A/G/L is comprised of 5 Ig-binding regions of protein L (B1-B2-B3-B4-B5), 5 IgG binding domains from Protein A (E-D-A-B-C) and 2 Ig-binding region of protein G (C1-C3). The recombinant Protein A/G/L is ideal for purification of monoclonal or polyclonal IgG antibodies. Protein A/G/L binds to IgG from humans, mice, rats, cows, goats, sheep, rabbits, guinea pigs, pigs, dogs and cats.