Search results

BDNF is crucial for the signal survival eukaryotes. BDNF is responsible for the development, repair, adaptation and proper functionality of the nervous system.
BDNF major roles include Neuron survival and development, synaptic flexibility, stress adaptation, Repair and recovery post injury/disease and Pain signaling.

Kallikrein-3 (KLK3) belongs to the kallikrein-related peptidase family. Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having various physiological functions. Numerous kallikreins are involved in carcinogenesis and some may be prospective cancer and other disease biomarkers. Kallikrein-3 is 1 of the 15 kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19 and is a protease present in seminal plasma. KLK3 hydrolyzes semenogelin-1 consequently leading to the liquefaction of the seminal coagulum. KLK3 is assumed to act normally in the liquefaction of seminal coagulum, probably by hydrolysis of the high molecular mass seminal vesicle protein. Serum level of the KLK3 protein, called PSA in the clinical setting, is beneficial in the diagnosis and monitoring of prostatic carcinoma.

Alpha & Gamma-Adaptin Binding Protein (AAGAB), which is also known as P34, takes part in membrane traffic and interacts with AP1G1 and AP2A1.AAGAB is highly expressed in skin and keratinocytes, with the highest levels in adrenal gland, rectum and thymus.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14 (CCL14) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. It is also commonly known as HCC-1. It is produced as a protein precursor that is procesed to generate a mature active protein containing 74 amino acids that and is 46% identical in amino acid composition to CCL3 and CCL4. This chemokine is expressed in various tissues including spleen, bone marrow, liver, muscle, and gut. CCL13 activates monocytes, but does not induce their chemotaxis. Human CCL13 is located on chromosome 17 within a cluster of other chemokines belonging to the CC family.

MIG (CXCL9) is a small cytokine which is part of the CXC chemokine family. MIG, which is also recognized as monokine is induced by gamma interferon. MIG is related to 2 other CXC chemokines named CXCL10 and CXCL11, whose genes are located next to the gene for CXCL9 on human chromosome 4. CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 obtain their chemotactic functions by interacting with the chemokine receptor CXCR3.

Cathepsin-E also known as CTSE is a gastric aspartyl protease which functions as a disulfide-linked homodimer. CTSE belongs to the peptidase C1 family; furthermore it has specificity similar to pepsin A and cathepsin D. CTSE is an intracellular proteinase which does not seem to be involved in the digestion of dietary protein and is found in the uppermost concentration in the surface of epithelial mucus-producing cells of the stomach. CTSE is the first aspartic proteinaseexpressed in the fetal stomach and is discovered in more than half of gastric cancers. For that reason CTSE is anoncofetal antigen. In addition, transcript variants utilizing alternative polyadenylation signals and two transcript variantsencoding different isoforms exist for this gene.

E-selectin which is also called Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1, ELAM1, ELAM belongs to a family of divalent cation-dependent carbohydrate-binding glycoproteins or adhesion molecules. Eselectin is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and mediates the interaction of leukocytes and platelets with endothelial cells during an inflammatory response. E-selectin is present in single copy in the human genome and contains 14 exons spanning about 13 kb of DNA.

SEMG1 is the predominant protein in semen. The secreted protein takes part in the formation of a gel matrix which encases ejaculated spermatozoa. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) protease processes SEMG1 into smaller peptides, with each possibly having a separate function. The proteolysis process breaks down the gel matrix and allows the spermatozoa to shift more freely. 2 transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for SEMG1.

ANXA5 is a member of the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins which are involved in membrane-related activity along exocytotic and endocytotic pathways. ANXA5 is a phospholipase A2 and protein kinase C inhibitory protein with calcium channel properties and takes part in cellular signal transduction, inflammation, growth and differentiation. ANXA5 is an anticoagulant protein that acts as an indirect inhibitor of the thromboplastin-specific complex, which is involved in the blood coagulation cascade. ANXA5 regulates coagulability in the blood stream by binding to phosphatidylserine and sulfatide. ANXA5 protects sinsuoidal endothelial cells from ischemia reperfusion damage. ANXA5 is necessary for normal CFTR chloride channel activity.

NCR2 is a member of the natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR) family and holds 1 immunoglobulin-like (Ig-like) domain. NCR2 cooperates with TYROBP/DAP12 and is specifically expressed by activated NK cells and by in vitro cultured TCRg/d lymphoid cells. NCR2 is a cytotoxicity-activating receptor which induces the amplified efficiency of activated natural killer (NK) cells to mediate tumor cell lysis.

SIVA1, also referred to asApoptosis regulatory protein Siva isoform 1, is a death domain-containing proapoptotic protein. It is known as glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related gene, and also as an intracellular ligand of CD27, which are both members of the TNFR family expressed on lymphoid cells. There isn’t much known about the signalling pathway underlying the Siva-induced apoptosis.SIVA1 expression is modulated in multiple pathological processes.

Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 (ATG10) is a 220 amino acid protein which localizes to the cytoplasm and has a role in autophagy, specifically acting as an E2-like enzyme providing Atg recognition sites during autophagosome synthesis. ATG10 functions as an E2-like enzyme which catalyzes the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5, which is required for autophagy. In addition, ATG10 interacts with ATG12 in human embryonic kidney cells in the presence of ATG7. ATG10 probably serves as an ATG5-recognition molecule. Furthermore, ATG10 has a role in adenovirus-mediated cell lysis.

ERGIC And Golgi 3, also known as ERGIC3 is a member of the ERGIC family and interacts with ERGIC1/ERGIC32. ERGIC3 takes part in the transport between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. One of the diseases which is associated with ERGIC3 is Breast Cancer.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. This chemokine is also known as 6Ckine (because it has six conserved cysteine residues instead of the four cysteines typical to chemokines), exodus-2, and secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC). CCL21 is expressed predominantly in the lymph nodes and, in contrast to other CC chemokines, is chemotactic for lymphocytes. The gene for CCL21 is located on human chromosome 9. CCL21 elicits its effects by binding to a cell surface chemokine receptor known as CCR7.

Bromodomain Containing 3 (BRD3) was classified based on its homology to the gene encoding the RING3 protein, which is a serine/threonine kinase. The BRD3 protein localizes to 9q34, a region which contains a number of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. The function of the BRD3 protein is unknown.

TIGAR is a p53-inducible enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose-2-6 bisphosphate (F-2-6-BP) to fructose-6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. F-2-6-BP is an influential activator of 6-phosphofructose-1 kinase (the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis). By lowering the intracellular level of F-2-6-BP, TIGAR expression leads to increased glucose processing through the pentose phosphate pathway, the main cellular source for NADPH.

Human PDE6D was initially identified as a fourth subunit of rod-specific cGMP phosphodiesterase, PDE6. PDE6D is an Oligomer composed of two catalytic chains (alpha and beta), an inhibitory chain (gamma) and the delta chain. PDE6D interacts with RPGR, ARL2 and ARL3. The catalytically active PDE6 is a heterodimer (αβ) that is controlled by two inhibitory γ subunits. Since PDE6D does not change the catalytic properties of PDEαβ, its function is still unanswered. PDE6D is expressed specifically in the retina.

CALR is a multifunctional protein that acts as a main Ca(2+)-binding (storage) protein in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Calreticulin is localized in the nucleus, and participates in transcription regulation. Calreticulin binds to the synthetic peptide KLGFFKR, which is nearly identical to an amino acid sequence in the DNA-binding domain of the superfamily of nuclear receptors. CALR binds to antibodies in specific sera of systemic lupus and Sjogren patients which have anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, it is well conserved among species, and it is positioned in the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum where it binds calcium. The amino terminus of CALR interacts with the DNA-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor and prevents the receptor from binding to its specific glucocorticoid response element. CALR reduces the binding of androgen receptor to its hormone-responsive DNA element and inhibits androgen receptor and retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activities in vivo, as well as retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation. Therefore, CALR acts as a significant modulator of the regulation of gene transcription by nuclear hormone receptors.

PGK1 is an X-linked enzyme that has a major role in the glycolytic pathway. PGK1 is a glycolytic enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, generating an ATP molecule. PGK1 may also act as a cofactor for polymerase alpha. Defects in the PGK1 gene are usually associated with chronic hemolytic anemia, though it can be accompanied by either mental retardation or muscular disease (rhabdomyolysis). Overexpression of PGK1 and its signalling targets are possibly an expression-pathway in diffuse primary gastric carcinomas promoting peritoneal dissemination. It was shown that PGK1 is differentially expressed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from patients with schizophrenia.

Pyroglutamyl-Peptidase I (PGPEP1) is an omega peptidase which detaches pyroglutamyl residues from the amino termini of peptides and proteins. PGPEP1 is a cytosolic cysteine peptidase which is expressed in most cell types. PGPEP1 enzyme has need of s a thiol-reducing agent for activity. PGPEP1 is possibly involved in the inactivation of biologically active peptides which have an amino terminal pyroglutamyl group, for instance peptides as neurotensin, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, and thyrotropinreleasing hormone.

CCNH is part of the cyclin family that is known for its protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins act as regulators of CDK kinases. CCNH forms a complex with CDK7 kinase and ring finger protein MAT1. The kinase complex is able to phosphorylate CDK2 and CDC2 kinases, therefore it functions as a CDK-activating kinase (CAK). CCNH and its kinase collaborator are components of TFIIH, as well as RNA polymerase II protein complexes.

Human Pin 1 is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) that interacts with NIMA and essential for cell cycle regulation Pin1 is nuclear PPIase containing a WW protein interaction domain, and is structurally and functionally related to Ess1/Ptf1, an essential protein in budding yeast. PPIase activity is necessary for Ess1/Pin1 function in yeast. Pin1 is thus an essential PPIase that regulates mitosis presumably by interacting with NIMA and attenuating its mitosis-promoting activity. Substrates of Pin1 include the mitotic regulators (Cdc25 phosphatase and NIMA, PLK I, Wee, and Myt1 kinases), several transcription factors like b-Catenin, c-Jun, and the tumor suppressor protein p53, and some specific proteins like the RNA Pol II, the cytoskeleton protein tau, and the G1/S protein Cyclin D1.

Integrins are heterodimeric proteins consist of alpha and beta subunits. There are more than 18 alpha and 8 beta subunits discovered in mammals. Integrin family members are membrane receptors that participates in cell adhesion and recognition in a variety of processes including embryogenesis, hemostasis, tissue repair, immune response and metastatic diffusion of tumor cells. ITGB1 encodes a beta subunit.

KLRC3 belongs to the NKG2 group that can be found mostly in natural killer (NK) cells and encodes a family of transmembrane proteins known for their C-type lectin domain and their type II membrane orientation (extracellular C terminus). The NKG2 gene family is situated inside the NK complex, a region which has quite a few C-type lectin genes mostly expressed on NK cells.