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LAT is a vital membrane protein that is phosphorylated by ZAP-70/Syk protein tyrosine kinases succeeding activation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signal transduction pathway. LAT is expressed in T lymphocytes in interstitial spaces, platelets and megakaryocytes.

CRP is an acute phase protein that correlates with inflammatory disease and is synthesized by hepatocytes during the acute phase response by certain cytokines (IL-1 and TNF Alpha and Beta). CRP levels increase dramatically (up to 1,000 fold) and serve as a useful marker of inflammation in such conditions as bacterial infection, rheumatoid arthritis, viral infections, transplantation rejection, meningitis, myocardial infarction, septicemia, osteomyelitis and others. CRP is also highly correlated to Serum Amyloid A levels.

Zinc Finger Protein 689 (ZNF689) is a member of the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. The ZNF689 protein contains 12 C2H2-type zinc fingers and 1 KRAB domain. ZNF689 may be involved in transcriptional regulation.

Autophagy Related 3 (ATG3) is a conjugating enzyme essential for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt), autophagy, and mitochondrial homeostasis. ATG3 is localizes to the cytoplasm and is expressed in tissues with predominant levels found in kidney, placenta, liver, heart and skeletal muscle. ATG3 catalyzes a reaction which is necessary for autophagy. That reaction is the formation of the Atg8-phosphatidylethanolamine (ATG-PE) conjugate.

RGS19 is a member of RGS (regulator of G protein signaling) family and negatively regulates G protein coupled receptor signaling. RGS19 protein specifically cooperates with heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein G alpha i3 (GAI3).

LRP2 Binding Protein (LRP2BP) is a protein coding gene which plays a role as an adapter that controls LRP2 function. LRP2BP is noticed in a vesicular staining pattern close to the plasma membrane and through the cytoplasm.

XIAP Associated Factor 1 (XAF1) is a protein which binds to and counteracts the inhibitory effect of a member of the IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis) protein family. IAP proteins bind to and inhibit caspases which are activated in the course of apoptosis. The ratio of IAPs and proteins which interfere with their activity, such as the XAF1 protein, influence the progress of the apoptosis signaling pathway. Additionally, XAF1 inhibits anti-caspase activity of BIRC4. XAF1 induces cleavage and inactivation of BIRC4 independent of caspase activation. Furthermore, XAF1 mediates TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis and is involved in apoptosis in trophoblast cells.

UL16 Binding Protein 4 (ULBP4) is a member of the RAET1 family, which is comprised of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related genes located in a cluster on chromosome 6q24.2-q25.3. ULBP4 functions as a ligand for the NKG2D receptor on the surface of NK cells. ULBP4 binding to the receptor induces expansion of anti-tumor cytotoxic lymphocytes. ULBP4 is expressed mainly in the skin, but also in the testis or trachea. ULBP4 is upregulated in different tumors. ULBP4 doesn’t interact with the CMV glycoprotein UL16. ULBP4 is also a ligand for the KLRK1 receptor. ULBP4 distributes activating signals to NK cells and stimulates tumor immune surveillance by inducing the expansion of anti-tumor cytotoxic lymphocytes.

BAFF binds to tnfrsf13b/taci and tnfrsf17/bcma. Tnfsf13/april binds to the same 2 receptors, together, they form a 2 ligands -2 receptors pathway involved in the stimulation of b- and t-cell function and the regulation of humoral immunity.A third b-cell specific baff-receptor (baffr/br3) promotes the survival of mature b-cells and the b-cell response.
B Lymphocyte Stimulator functions as a potent B-cell growth factor in costimulation assays.
Administration of BAFF Human recombinant to mice disrupts splenic B-cell and T-cell zones and results in elevated levels of serum immunoglobulin.

SERTA domain containing 2 (SERTAD2) takes part at E2F-responsive promoters to integrate signals which are given by PHD- and bromodomain-containing transcription factors. The SERTAD2 protein is taking part in modulating fat storage by down-regulating the expression of key genes which take part in thermogenesis, adipocyte lipolysis and oxidative metabolism.

Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9) is an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease enzyme associated with the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) adaptive immunity system in Streptococcus pyogenes, among other bacteria. S. Pyogenes utilizes Cas9 to remember and later probe and cleave foreign DNA, such as invading bacteriophage DNA or plasmid DNA. In case that the DNA substrate is complementary to the guide RNA, Cas9 cleaves the invading DNA. In addition to its original role in bacterial immunity, the Cas9 protein has been heavily employed as a genome engineering tool to induce site-directed double strand breaks in DNA. These disruptions may lead to gene inactivation or the presentation of heterologous genes via non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination respectively in many laboratory model organisms.

PLGF is a growth factor active in angiogenesis, and endothelial cell growth, stimulating their proliferation and migration. It binds to receptor vegfr-1/flt1.

DNA/RNA-binding protein KIN17 (KIN17) is a nuclear protein which constructs intranuclear foci for the duration of proliferation and is reallocated in the nucleoplasm during the cell cycle. KIN17 is ubiqutiously expressed having the highest levels of expression in the muscle, heart and testis. SV40- altered fibroblasts overexpress KIN17, which interacts with Large T antigen and decreases T-antigen-dependent DNA replication.

HBA2 is a member of the globin family. HBA2 takes part in oxygen transport from the lung to the different peripheral tissues. The coding sequences of HBA2 and HBA1 are equal but have a small difference over the 5' untranslated regions and the introns, and a large difference over the 3' untranslated regions. HbA is constituted from two alpha chains and two beta chains which in standard adult life hold about 97% of the total hemoglobin; alpha chains associate with delta chains to create HbA-2 that with HbF (fetal hemoglobin) form the remaining 3% of adult hemoglobin. Alpha thalassemia is caused by removal of each of the alpha genes or removal of both HBA2 and HBA1; nondeletion alpha thalassemias has also been reported.

Lymphokine-activated killer T-cell-originated protein kinase (PBK) is a serine/threonine kinase related to the dual specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKK) family. PBK is abundant in placenta (is also found in the testis’ outer cell layer of seminiferous tubules) and absent from adult brain tissue. PBK is involved in the activation of lymphoid cells and supports testicular functions, with a possible role in the process of spermatogenesis. Mitotic phosphorylation is required for PBK’s catalytic activity. Once phosphorylated,PBK forms a complex with TP53, leading to TP53 destabilization and weakening of G2/M checkpoint during some kind of DNA damage. PBK is active only during mitosis. In addition, a PDZ domain in the tumor suppressor protein Dlg can coordinate with the T/SXV motif of PBK. PBK also phosphorylates MAP kinase p38, and may have a role in the activation of lymphoid cells.

SKP1 is a F-box enzyme which functions as a substrate recognition component of the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex which controls the ubiquitination of proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction and transcription. SKP1 binds to proteins containing an F-box motif, such as cyclin F, S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, and other regulatory proteins involved in ubiquitin dependent proteolysis. SKP1 takes part in the control of beta-catenin levels and the activity of beta-catenin dependent TCF transcription factors. SKP1 serves as an adapter that links the F-box protein to CUL1 in the SCF complex.

Prohibitin 2, also known as PHB2, mediates transcriptional repression by nuclear hormone receptors via recruitment of histone deacetylases by similarity. PHB2 functions as an estrogen receptor (ER)-selective coregulator which potentiates the inhibitory activities of antiestrogens and represses the activity of estrogens. PHB2 which is involved in regulating mitochondrial respiration activity and in aging, competes with NCOA1 for modulation of ER transcriptional activity.

Signal-transducing adaptor protein 1 (STAP1) acts as a docking protein which operates downstream of Tec tyrosine kinase in B cell antigen receptor signaling. The STAP1 protein is directly phosphorylated by Tec in vitro where it partakes in a positive feedback loop, increasing Tec activity.

Meteorin (METRN) is involved in both glial cell differentiation and axonal network formation during neurogenesis. METRN promotes astrocyte differentiation and transforms cerebellar astrocytes into radial glia. Moreover, the METRN protein stimulates axonal extension in small and intermediate neurons of sensory ganglia by activating nearby satellite glia.

MTPN is an ankyrin repeat protein, that stimulates protein synthesis and cardiomyocyte growth to commence cardiac hypertrophy by activating the NF-kappaB signaling cascade. Myotrophin participates in cerebellar morphogenesis and takes part in differentiation of cerebellar neurons, particularly of granule cells. High levels of MTPN are expressed in human dilated cardiomyopathic and ischemic hearts.

BAG3 Inhibits the chaperone activity of HSP70/HSC70 by promoting substrate release. BAG3 has anti-apoptotic activity. BAG proteins participate with Hip for their binding to Hsc70/Hsp70 ATPase domain and encourage substrate release. BAG proteins have about 45 amino acid BAG domain close to the C terminus however they differ noticeably in their N-terminal regions. BAG3 includes a WW domain in the N-terminal region and a BAG domain in the C-terminal region. The BAG domains of BAG1, BAG2, and BAG3 interact particularly with the Hsc70 ATPase domain in vitro and in mammalian cells. They bind with high affinity to the ATPase domain of Hsc70 and inhibit its chaperone activity in a Hip-repressible manner. BAG3 plays a role as a protein-refolding cochaperone of the bcl2 binding protein BAG family and as upregulated in response to persistent stress of cellular calcium balance dysregulation. BAG3 has been shown to diminish stress-induced apoptosis.

TBP-Like 1 (TBPL1) is a member of the TBP family. The TATA box-binding protein (TBP) is an indispensable component of the basal transcriptional machinery. TBPL1 is crucial for spermiogenesis and supposed to be significant in expression of developmentally regulated genes.