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Salmonella Typhi is a pathogen causing typhoid fever, affecting over 17 million people with approximately 600,000 deaths annually worldwide. If untreated, typhoid fever cases result in mortality rates ranging from 12-30%.

The recombinant Protein A/G is a genetically engineered protein comprised of 7 IgG-binding domains EDABC-C1C3, corresponding to the Protein A and G domains which are included in the recombinant sequence. The Protein A part is from Staphylococcus aureus segments E, D, A, B and C. The Protein G part is from Streptococcus segments C1 and C3. The recombinant Protein A/G has a broader binding capacity than either Protein A or Protein G alone. The recombinant Protein A/G is ideal for purification of monoclonal or polyclonal IgG antibodies. Protein A/G binds to various human, mouse and rat IgG subclasses such as the human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4; mouse IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3 and rat IgG2a, IgG2c. In addition, Protein A/G binds to total IgG from cow, goat, sheep, horse, rabbit, guinea pig, pig, dog and cat.

DNAJB11 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved DNAJ/HSP40 family of proteins, which regulate molecular chaperone activity by stimulating ATPase activity. DNAJB11 serves as a co-chaperone for HSPA5 and binds directly to both unfolded proteins which are substrates for ERAD and nascent unfolded peptide chains, but dissociates from the HSPA5-unfolded protein complex before folding is completed.

Alpha-synuclein or SNCA is a synuclein protein. SNCA mainly found in the brain, small concentration of the protein can also be located in other tissues such as heart and muscle. When looking in the brain tissue, SNCA is located in the end of the neuron, in an area called presynaptic terminal. In the presynaptic terminal SNCA has interaction with phospholipids & other proteins. Neurotransmitters are released from the synaptic vesicles in the Presynaptic terminals and act as messengers. Once released, the neurotransmitters send signals across the neurons that are crucial for the brain’s operation.

THYN1, is greatly conserved among vertebrates and plant types. TYHN1 takes part in the induction of apoptosis. THYN1 in the thymocytes was primarily found in the nucleus, as shown in lymphoma cells, demonstrating that the THYN1 is localized in the nucleus, regardless of the cyclic or resting stage of the cell cycle.

Epidermal Growth Factor­like Domain Multiple 6 (EGFL6) belongs to the EGF repeat superfamily of proteins, whose members are involved in the regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, and developmental processes. EGFL6 gene product contains a signal peptide, suggesting that EGFL6 is secreted; an EGF repeat region consisting of four complete EGF-like repeats and 1 partial EGF-like repeat, 3 of which have a calcium-binding consensus sequence; an arg-gly-asp integrin association motif; and a MAM domain, which is assumed to have an adhesive function. Within shared regions, human EGFL6 shares 75% and 78% amino acid sequence identity with the mouse and rat orthologs, respectively. EGFL6 is expressed in various fetal tissues during early development such as the lung, heart, liver, spleen, cochlea and the placenta, as well as meningioma tumors.

TGFB2 is a 27.08 kDa protein having two identical 118 amino acid peptide chains linked by a single disulfide bond. TGFB2 is part of a family of five related cytokines that have an extensive variation of normal and neoplastic cells, indicating the importance of these homo-dimmer proteins as multi-functional regulators of cellular activity. The three mammalian isoforms of TGF-β (TGFb1, TGFb2 and TGFb3) signal through the same receptor and stimulate similar biological responses. They are involved in physiological processes as embryogenesis, tissue remodelling and wound healing.

Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 69, also known as CCDC69 is a protein-coding gene. A significant paralog of CCDC69 is MTUS1.

Hepatitis B virus x interacting protein (HBXIP) forms a complex with the C-terminus of hepatitis B virus X (HBX) protein. HBXIP negatively regulates HBX activity and changes the replicative life cycle of the virus. Furthermore, HBXIP is involved in bipolar spindle formation and regulates centrosome dynamics and cytokinesis in cells, possibly due to interaction with Dynein light chain. HBXIP is highly expressed in the skeletal and cardiac muscle, followed by pancreas, kidney, liver, brain, placenta and lung. HBXIP has elevated levels in both cancerous and non-cancerous liver tissue of patients with chronic HBV infection compared with hepatic tissue without HBV infection.

Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP or HSPA5) is a member of the family of ~70kDa heat shock proteins (HSP 70). HSPA5 is a stress response protein which is induced by agents or conditions that adversely affect endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function. HSPA5 is crucial for the proper glycosylation, folding as well as for the maintenance of cell homeostasis and the prevention of apoptosis.

The recombinant Protein A/G/L is a genetically engineered protein which combines the IgG binding profiles of all Protein A, Protein G and Protein L. Protein A/G/L is a gene fusion product. Recombinant fusion protein A/G/L is comprised of 5 Ig-binding regions of protein L (B1-B2-B3-B4-B5), 5 IgG binding domains from Protein A (E-D-A-B-C) and 2 Ig-binding region of protein G (C1-C3). The recombinant Protein A/G/L is ideal for purification of monoclonal or polyclonal IgG antibodies. Protein A/G/L binds to IgG from humans, mice, rats, cows, goats, sheep, rabbits, guinea pigs, pigs, dogs and cats.

GHBP is a transmembrane receptor for growth hormone. Binding of growth hormone to the receptor leads to receptor dimerization and the activation of an intra- and intercellular signal transduction pathway leading to growth. A common alternate allele of this gene, called GHRd3, lacks exon three and has been well-characterized. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Laron syndrome, also known as the growth hormone insensitivity syndrome (GHIS), a disorder characterized by short stature. Other splice variants, including one encoding a soluble form of the protein (GHRtr), have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as 10 kDa IP-10. CXCL10 is secreted by several cell types in response to IFN-?. These cell types include monocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. CXCL10 has been attributed to several roles, such as chemoattraction for monocytes and T cells, promotion of T cell adhesion to endothelial cells, antitumor activity, and inhibition of bone marrow colony formation and angiogenesis. The gene for CXCL10 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster among several other CXC chemokines. This chemokine elicits its effects by binding to the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR3. The three-dimensional crystal structure of this chemokine has been determined under 3 different conditions to a resolution of up to 1.92A.

MAGEA4 is part of the MAGEA family, which directs the expression of tumor antigens that are identified on a human melanoma by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). MAGEA4 participates in embryonal development and tumor transformation or aspects of tumor progression. MAGEA4 is expressed in many tumors of several types, such as melanoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, lung carcinoma and breast carcinoma, but not in normal tissues except for testes and placenta.

Factor B is a protein, build from a single chain that circulates in the blood. Complement factor D cleaves and activates factor B, thus creating a catalytic subunit Bb and noncatalytic chain Ba. Subunit Bb is a serine protease that can bind to C3b and forms alternative pathway C3 convertase. Subunit Ba acts as an inhibitor for proliferation of lymphocytes, when Bb is part of the lymphocytes’ proliferation. The gene that codes for this protein is located on chromosome six.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor contributes to the clonal expansion, survival, and development of T cells. It can also induce proliferation in peripheral monocytes, enhance T cell apoptosis induced by TCR/CD3 triggered activation, and regulate CD28 co-stimulation to promote Th1 cell responses. The expression of this receptor is induced by lymphocyte activation. TRAF adaptor proteins have been shown to bind to this receptor and transduce the signals leading to activation of NF-kappaB.

Growth/differentiation factors (GDF1-GDF15) belong to the BMP family of TGF-beta superfamily proteins. These factors are produced as inactive preproproteins which are subsequently cleaved and assembled into active secreted homodimers. BMP13 is a growth factor which controls proliferation and cellular differentiation in the retina and bone formation. BMP13 has a central role in regulating apoptosis during retinal development. GDF proteins are vital during embryonic development, particularly in the skeletal, nervous, and muscular systems. BMP13 gene mutations result in colobomata, which are congenital abnormalities in ocular development, and in Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS), which is a congenital disorder of spinal segmentation.

Tubulin, beta 3 class III (TUBB3), which is the major constituent of microtubules, is primarily Expressed in neurons and is involved in neurogenesis and in axon guidance and maintenance. TUBB3 binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha-chain.

Glycoprotein Nmb (GPNMB) is a member of the PMEL/NMB family. GPNMB is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein which exhibits homology to the pMEL17 precursor, a melanocyte-specific protein. GPNMB is expressed in the lowly metastatic human melanoma cell lines and xenografts but has no expression in the highly metastatic cell lines. GPNMB might be involved in growth delay and reduction of metastatic potential. GPNMB is up-regulated in a number of cancer cells, including in glioblastoma multiforme. GPNMB is expressed in many melanoma cells, as well as in tissue macrophages, including liver Kuppfer cells and lung alveolar macrophages, in podocytes and in some cells of the ciliary body of the eye (at protein level). GPNMB is hardly detectable in the healthy brain.

TXNDC12 is a member of the thioredoxin super family. This Family members have a thioredoxin fold with a consensus active-site sequence (CxxC) and take part in redox regulation, protection against oxidative stress, refolding of disulfide-containing proteins, and regulation of transcription factors.

NFKBID belongs to the IkB family of proteins which contains four groups (IkB-alpha, IkB-beta, IkB-gamma, IkB-epsilon). NFKBID takes part in regulating inflammatory responses and cytokine, IL-2 and IL-6 expression through NFkB activity. NFKBID has 3 known alternative spliced isoforms, and is associated with RelB, NF?B p50 and NFkB p65 in nucleus. NFKBID is involeved in thymocyte selection in response to TCR induction.

CCL-20 is a chemotactic factor that draws lymphocytes & neutrophils, rathar than monocytes. MIP-3 alpha inhibits proliferation of myeloid progenitors in colony formation assays. MIP3A plays a role in the formation and function of the mucosal lymphoid tissues by attracting lymphocytes and dendritic cells towards epithelial cells. C-terminal processed forms have been shown to be equally chemotactically active for leukocytes. CCL-20 holdes antibacterial activity e.coli atcc 25922 and s.aureus atcc 29213. CCL-20 gene transcription is activated by H. pylori, which activates NF-kappaB through intracellular signal pathway which involves IkappaB kinase and NF-kappaB-inducing kinase. MIP-3 alpha is invloved in chemokine-mediated lymphocyte trafficking during gastric inflammation in Helicobacter infection. CCL-20 expression is involved in the recruitment of CD45R0-positive T cell subsets into the intestinal lamina propria. MIP-3A is in charge of the advancement of pulpal inflammation through the recruitment of C-C motif Receptor 6-expressing lymphocytes Vaginal epithelial cells respond to factors present in semen by secreting MIP-3 alpha, which increases langerhans cells recruitment during HIV transmission.

Trichomonas vaginalis, an anaerobic, flagellated protozoan parasite, is most dominant protozoan causing sexual transmitted disease. T. vaginalis induced vaginal tract infection occurs as multiple steps involving interactions between host macromolecules and protozoan virulent factor. Adhension protein P65 of T. vaginalis has a vital part in assisting the penetration into vaginal tract surface.