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Rat TGFB22 signals through TGFBR2, TGFBR1 using an accessory co-receptor TGFBR3 (betaglycan) that enhances presentation of TGFβ2
Rat TGFB2 is a potent inducer of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) therefore is used in Cancer metastasis, Fibrosis, Retinal disorders, Developmental biology and Wound healing

What is the source or expression system of Rat TGFB2 Protein?
CHO Cells

What is the Purity of Rat TGFB2 Protein?
Rat TGFB2 Protein is >97% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the molecular weight / Mw of Rat TGFB2 Protein?
Rat TGFB2 Protein having a total Mw of 25.6kDa.

What is the Biological Activity of Rat TGFB2 Protein?
The biological functionality of Rat TGFB2 Protein is determined by mouse HT-2 cells.

What is the endotoxin level for Rat TGFB2 Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, Rat TGFB2 Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the amino acid sequence of Rat TGF beta 2 Protein?
If there is sequence put it instead of the sentence

Is TGFB2 a homodimer / homodimeric protein?
Yes, TGFB1 is homo dimer consisting of 2 identical chains.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of FGF 2 Protein?
FGF 2 Protein has a total Mw of 16.5kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FGF 2 Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of FGF 2 Protein?
FGF 2 Protein is >98% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of FGF 2 Protein?
The ED50, Calculated by the dose- dependent proliferation of mouse BALB/c 3T3 cells is < 0.05ng/ml corresponding to a specific activity of 2.0x107 units/mg.

What is the amino acid sequence of FGF 2 Protein?
MPALPEDGGS GAFPPGHFKD PKRLYCKNGG FFLRIHPDGR VDGVREKSDP HIKLQLQAEE RGVVSIKGVC ANRYLAMKED GRLLASKCVT DECFFFERLE SNNYNTYRSR KYTSWYVALK RTGQYKLGSK TGPGQKAILF LPMSAKS.

What applications can FGF 2 Protein be used in?
FGF 2 Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FGF 2 Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FGF 2 Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

FGF 2 HUMAN: Insights into Fibroblast Growth Factor-2

Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor or FGF 2 HUMAN is a protein with crucial roles in cell growth, tissue repair, and embryonic development. This is part of the larger fibroblast growth factor family and is vital for various biological processes, including the modulation of cell survival activities.

Production and Properties

Produced in E. coli, FGF 2 is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain possessing 154 amino acids with a molecular weight of about 17.2 kDa. It is purified through advanced chromatographic techniques, ensuring high purity and activity for laboratory use.

Physical Characteristics and Preparation

The physical form of FGF 2 HUMAN is a sterile, white lyophilized powder. For experimental use, it is reconstituted with sterile water to at least 100µg/ml. This reconstitution is crucial for maintaining the integrity and effectiveness of the protein in various research applications.

Storage and Handling

To maintain stability, lyophilized FGF 2 should be stored at -18°C and used within three weeks if kept at room temperature. Once reconstituted, it should be kept at 4°C and used within 2-7 days or stored at -18°C for longer-term storage.

Proper handling and avoiding repeated freeze-thaw cycles are essential to preserve the protein's functionality.

Purity and Biological Activity

FGF 2 is characterized by a purity greater than 98%, verified by SDS-PAGE analysis. Its biological activity is primarily defined by its efficacy in promoting the proliferation of specific cell lines, with an effective dose (ED50) typically below 0.1 ng/ml.

Research Applications and Impact

In the research context, FGF 2 is used extensively to study its effects on cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Moreover, its role in disease models, particularly in cancer and tissue repair studies, makes it a valuable resource for developing new therapeutic approaches.

Usage Guidelines

FGF 2 HUMAN is strictly for laboratory research use and is not suitable for drug development, food production, or cosmetic applications. Researchers are advised to comply with safety and handling guidelines to ensure that experiments are conducted under optimal conditions.

The Broad Impact on Development and Disease

FGF-2 is known for its multifunctional role across numerous biological processes such as tissue repair, embryonic development, angiogenesis, and even tumorigenesis.

This growth factor, existing in various synonymous forms such as Basic FGF, FGF-b, and HBGF-2, is essential in cellular processes that underpin both health and disease.

Furthermore, FGF-2's ability to bind to cellular receptors triggers a cascade of signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and PLCγ, which in turn influence cell growth, migration, and survival.

These pathways are pivotal in mediating the factor's diverse effects on cell behavior, contributing to its critical roles in wound healing, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of FGF 2 Protein?
FGF 2 Protein has a total Mw of 17.2kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FGF 2 Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of FGF 2 Protein?
FGF 2 Protein is >98% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of FGF 2 Protein?
The ED50, calculated by the dose-dependant proliferation of murine balb/c 3T3 cells is <0.1ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of graeter than 1.0x107 Units/mg.

What is the amino acid sequence of FGF 2 Protein?
AAGSITTLPA LPEDGGSGAF PPGHFKDPKR LYCKNGGFFL RIHPDGRVDG VREKSDPHIK LQLQAEERGV VSIKGVCANR YLAMKEDGRL LASKCVTDEC FFFERLESNN YNTYRSRKYT SWYVALKRTG QYKLGSKTGP GQKAILFLPM SAKS.

What applications can FGF 2 Protein be used in?
FGF 2 Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FGF 2 Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FGF 2 Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

Research Paper on Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor-1A Human Recombinant, CHO, Monomer, HEK

Abstract:

Welcome to the captivating world of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor-1A Human Recombinant, CHO, Monomer (BMPR-1A HR) in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells (HEK). This research paper explores the vital role of BMPR-1A HR in cellular responses. As a key receptor in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, BMPR-1A HR plays a significant part in guiding cellular differentiation and tissue development. Join us as we unravel the molecular mechanisms behind BMPR-1A HR signaling in HEK cells and delve into its interactions with key cytokines, including Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Superfamily Member 2 (TNFα SF2 or TNFSF2).

Introduction:

Welcome to the intriguing world of BMPR-1A HR! In this section, we introduce the remarkable BMPR-1A HR and its crucial role in shaping cellular responses. Together, let's explore how this receptor influences cellular behavior and contributes to tissue growth, fostering our understanding of its importance in biological processes.

BMPR-1A HR Signaling in HEK Cells:

Be amazed by the intricate dance of BMPR-1A HR signaling within HEK cells! Uncover the complex process of ligand-receptor binding, initiating both the canonical SMAD-dependent and non-canonical SMAD-independent pathways. This harmonious interplay regulates a wide range of cellular processes, including gene transcription, cell proliferation, and differentiation, forming the foundation of cellular communication.

Influential Role in Cellular Responses:

Marvel at the influential role of BMPR-1A HR as a critical mediator of cellular responses within HEK cells. Witness its ability to modulate cellular differentiation, driving the expression of key differentiation markers such as DIF. Our exploration will highlight the multifaceted nature of BMPR-1A HR, impacting diverse cellular pathways, including those involving TNF-α and TNFSF2, shaping a dynamic and interconnected cellular network.

Interplay with Key Cytokines:

Discover the intriguing interactions between BMPR-1A HR and key cytokines like TNF-α and TNFSF2. Explore how BMPR-1A HR influences their expression and activity, hinting at potential cross-talk between BMPR-1A HR and inflammatory pathways. This delicate balance fosters a harmonious cellular environment, where multiple players contribute to overall cellular responses.

Therapeutic Implications and Tissue Development:

Witness the potential therapeutic implications of BMPR-1A HR in tissue development. Together, we explore the exciting possibilities of utilizing BMPR-1A HR in regenerative medicine, offering hope for enhanced tissue development and repair. As we venture forth, we also address challenges, such as optimal dosage, innovative delivery methods, and safety considerations, ensuring a responsible and effective approach.

Conclusion:

As we conclude our exploration of BMPR-1A HR in HEK cells, we stand in awe of its role in mediating cellular responses and tissue development. Equipped with this knowledge, we look forward to a promising future, where BMPR-1A HR from CHO cells opens doors to innovative applications in regenerative medicine, contributing to improved human health and well-being.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of BMPR1A Protein?
BMPR1A Protein has a total Mw of 80.8kDa.

What is the source or expression system of BMPR1A Protein?
CHO cells.

What is the Purity of BMPR1A Protein?
BMPR1A Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of BMPR1A Protein?
The ED50, as calculated by the Inhibition of human BMP-4-induced alkaline phosphatase production caused by ATDC5 cells is 120ng/ml corresponding to a specific activity of 8.3x10^3 units/mg.

What is the amino acid sequence of BMPR1A Protein?
QNLDSMLHGT GMKSDSDQKK SENGVTLAPE DTLPFLKCYC SGHCPDDAIN NTCITNGHCF AIIEEDDQGE TTLASGCMKY EGSDFQCKDS PKAQLRRTIE CCRTNLCNQY LQPTLPPVVI GPFFDGSIRI EGRMDDKTHT CPPCPAPELL GGPSVFLFPP KPKDTLMISR TPEVTCVVVD VSHEDPEVKF NWYVDGVEVH NAKTKPREEQ YNSTYRVVSV LTVLHQDWLN GKEYKCKVSN KALPAPIEKT ISKAKGQPRE PQVYTLPPSR DELTKNQVSL TCLVKGFYPS DIAVEWESNG QPENNYKTTP PVLDSDGSFF LYSKLTVDKS RWQQGNVFSC SVMHEALHNH YTQKSLSLSP GK.

What applications can BMPR1A Protein be used in?
BMPR1A Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for BMPR1A Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, BMPR1A Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of FGF21 MOUSE Protein?
FGF21 MOUSE Protein has a total Mw of 20.1kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FGF21 MOUSE Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of FGF21 MOUSE Protein?
FGF21 MOUSE Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of FGF21 MOUSE Protein?
The biological functionality of FGF21 MOUSE Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of FGF21 MOUSE Protein?
MAY PIPDSSPLLQ FGGQVRQRYL YTDDDQDTEA HLEIREDGTV VGAAHRSPES LLELKALKPG VIQILGVKAS RFLCQQPDGA LYGSPHFDPE ACSFRELLLE DGYNVYQSEA HGLPLRLPQK DSPNQDATSW GPVRFLPMPG LLHEPQDQAG FLPPEPPDVG SSDPLSMVEP LQGRSPSYAS.

What applications can FGF21 MOUSE Protein be used in?
FGF21 MOUSE Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FGF21 MOUSE Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FGF21 MOUSE Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

IGF stands for INS like growth factors, which are proteins that have a high similarity to INS. They are part of a complicated process that uses cells to communication with the physiologic environment around them. IGF’s complex system is often called the ‘axis’. This consists of:
● Two cell-surface receptors (IGF1R and IGF2R)
● Two ligands (IGF-1 and IGF-2)
● A family of six high-affinity IGF-binding proteins.
● Proteases.

The Effect IGF Has On The Body
Many unique tissue types express the IGF-1 receptor, and the effects can vary. It induces the survival of neurons, may catalyse skeletal muscle hypertrophy by inducing protein synthesis, and by blocking muscle atrophy. It works as a protector for cartilage cells, and may work to be an anabolic factor for the bones. When used in high concentrations, it can activate the INS receptor, and can even complement the effects that INS has on the body.

Diseases And IGF
Diseases and IGF are closely related, and a number of them can be affected. The INS IGF axis is thought to have an effect on aging, with an increased life span shown in fruit flies when used in studies.
It is also important to note the crucial role that IGF plays in cancer and diabetes - IGF- 1 has been shown to stimulate growth in both prostate and breast cancer cells. The degree of risk that IGF-1 poses is up for debate, and many scientists are not in agreement. IGF has also shown to have the ability to decrease blood glucose levels, although not quite as effective as INS.

How Was IGF Discovered?
Investigators began studying the effects of biological substances on cells and tissues outside the body when IGFs were discovered. The name is self explanatory in the fact that IGF performs INS actions in some tissues, but is less potent than INS at decreasing blood sugar. Its fundamental action is to stimulate growth, whether that be within the epidermal growth factor or the nerve growth factor.

What’s The Difference Between IGF-1 And IGF-2?
The two types of IGF are IGF-1 and IGF-2. Although the names are similar, the specific actions that they take are different - they bind and activate completely difference receptors. The major actor in them both is the effect that they have on cell growth. Most of the actions of the pituitary GH are mediated by IGFs, but predominantly IGF-1. GH works to stimulate many tissues within the body, especially the liver which then secretes IGF-1. This then causes hypertrophy, or in layman's terms, an increase in cell size, as well as hyperplasia which is an increase in the number of cells.
The IGF-1 concentration will increase during childhood and hit peak during puberty, but will then decrease afterwards, as does the hormone secretion itself. It has been proven that children and adults with a deficiency of the GH have low serum IGF-1 concentrations when put in comparison with others in the same age range. Patients who have conditions like acromegaly have been shown to have increased serum IGF-1 concentrations. The production of IGF-2 is less dependent on the secretion of GH than IGF-1, and is much less important for stimulating linear growth.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of IGF1 HUMAN Protein?
IGF1 HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 7.6kDa.

What is the source or expression system of IGF1 HUMAN Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of IGF1 HUMAN Protein?
IGF1 HUMAN Protein is >97% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of IGF1 HUMAN Protein?
The biological activity was determined by the cell proliferation assay using serum free human MCF-7 cells in <2ng/ml, corresponding to a Specific Activity of >5.0 x 105IU/mg.
What is the amino acid sequence of IGF1 HUMAN Protein?
GPETLCGAEL VDALQFVCGD RGFYFNKPTG YGSSSRRAPQ TGIVDECCFR SCDLRRLEMY CAPLKPAKSA.

What applications can IGF1 HUMAN Protein be used in?
IGF1 HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for IGF1 HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, IGF1 HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of FGF 1 Protein?
FGF 1 Protein has a total Mw of 15.9kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FGF 1 Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of FGF 1 Protein?
FGF 1 Protein is >96% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of FGF 1 Protein?
The ED50 as determined by the dose-dependent proliferation of mouse BALB/c 3T3 cells, is less than 0.2ng/ml corresponding to a Specific Activity of 5x106IU/mg.

What is the amino acid sequence of FGF 1 Protein?
MFNLPLGNYK KPKLLYCSNG GHFLRILPDG TVDGTRDRSD QHIQLQLSAE SAGEVYIKGT ETGQYLAMDT EGLLYGSQTP NEECLFLERL EENHYNTYTS KKHAEKNWFV GLKKNGSCKR GPRTHYGQKA ILFLPLPVSS D.

What applications can FGF 1 Protein be used in?
FGF 1 Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FGF 1 Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FGF 1 Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Mouse Recombinant: An In-Depth Analysis

Abstract:

Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF) is a crucial cytokine involved in the regulation of macrophage biology, including their differentiation, survival, and function. This research paper provides an in-depth analysis of M-CSF Mouse Recombinant, focusing on its structure, signaling pathways, and diverse functions in the context of human research. Additionally, the paper explores the therapeutic potential of M-CSF modulation in various diseases.

Introduction:

M-CSF plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of macrophages, key immune cells involved in innate immunity and tissue homeostasis. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of M-CSF Mouse Recombinant, highlighting its importance in human macrophage biology and its potential therapeutic applications.

Structure and Function of M-CSF:

M-CSF is a homodimeric protein that binds to its receptor, CSF-1R, leading to the activation of downstream signaling pathways. It regulates the proliferation, survival, and activation of macrophages, influencing immune responses and tissue remodeling processes.

Signaling Pathways:

Upon binding to CSF-1R, M-CSF triggers various intracellular signaling pathways, including the MAPK pathway, PI3K/Akt pathway, and JAK/STAT pathway. These pathways regulate gene expression and mediate cellular responses, impacting macrophage functions.

Role in Macrophage Development and Function:

M-CSF is essential for the differentiation and maturation of macrophages from hematopoietic progenitor cells. It promotes the survival, proliferation, and activation of macrophages, enhancing their phagocytic activity, cytokine production, and antigen presentation capabilities.

Therapeutic Potential:

Given its crucial role in macrophage biology, M-CSF modulation has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy. M-CSF inhibitors and CSF-1R antagonists have shown promise in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as certain cancers. Targeting M-CSF signaling can modulate immune responses and affect disease progression.

Clinical Applications and Future Directions:

The therapeutic potential of M-CSF modulation is being explored in various clinical settings. Clinical trials investigating M-CSF inhibitors as monotherapy or combination therapy are underway in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. Future research should focus on understanding the intricate mechanisms of M-CSF signaling, optimizing therapeutic strategies, and developing personalized treatment approaches.