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ZMAT3 is a protein with a nuclear localization signal and 3 zinc finger domains. The mRNA and the protein of this gene are upregulated by wildtype p53. When overexpressed, ZMAT3 can produce tumor cell growth, indicating that ZMAT3 takes part in the p53-dependent growth regulatory pathway. Alternative splicing of ZMAT3 produce two transcript variants encoding two isoforms differing in only one amino acid.

Intein is a section of a protein which can remove itself and return the remaining segment with a peptide bond. In addition, Inteins hold an endonuclease domain which takes part in Intein proliferation. Actually, various genes have unrelated intein-coding segments inserted at altered positions and they were found in all three domains of life (eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea) and in viruses.

Thyroid Hormone Responsive (THRSP) is a member of the SPOT14 family. THRSP is similar to the gene product of S14, a rat gene whose expression is limited to liver and adipose tissue and is controlled by nutritional and hormonal factors. THRSP is expressed in liver and adipocytes, specifically in lipomatous modules. In addition It is expressed in lipogenic breast cancers, which suggests a role in controlling tumor lipid metabolism.

The protein kinase A holoenzyme is a heterotetramer composed of two types of subunits: Catalytic and Regulatory. The Catalyticsubunit contains the enzyme's active site. It also contains a domain that binds ATP and a domain that binds the regulatory subunit. The Regulatory subunit consists oftwo molecules which bind one another in an anti-parallel orientation to form a homodimer; for type I subunits- this binding is covalent via disulfide bonds. This subunit also has has two domains that bind cyclic AMP, a domain that interacts with a catalytic subunit, and an "auto-inhibitory" domain that serves as a substrate or pseudosubstrate for the catalytic subunit. Regulatory subunits may also have biologic activity distinct from their role in modulating catalytic subunit activity. Regulatory subunits exist in two major forms, RI and RII, with each form having two subtypes designated alpha and beta. Each of the four isotypes of the regulatory subunit is encoded by a different gene. In addition, three isotypes of the catalytic subunit have been identified (alpha, beta and gamma). The different isotypes tend to have different distributions within cells and among tissues. Type I enzymes inhabit cytoplasmic, soluble fractions of the cell, whereas type II enzymes tend to associate with cellular membranes.

Homeobox C11 (HOXC11) is a member of the Abd-B homeobox family. The homeobox genes encode well conservedfamily of transcription factors that play a vital role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. HOXC11is one of numerous homeobox HOXC genes placed in a cluster on chromosome 12. HOXC11 attaches to a promoterelement of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase. HOXC11 also takes part in early intestinal development. An alternativelyspliced variant encoding a shorter isoform has been defined however, its full-length nature has not been determined.

Neuronal Regeneration Related Protein (NREP) has roles in neural function. NREP promotes axonal regeneration. In addition, NREP has functions in cellular differentiation. NREP protein induces differentiation of fibroblast into myofibroblast and increases retinoic-acid regulation of lipid-droplet biogenesis. NREP down-regulates the expression of TGFB1 and TGFB2 but not of TGFB3. NREP has a role in the regulation of alveolar generation.

Chromatin modifying protein 2A (CHMP2A) is a member of the SNF7 family and it is a component of the ESCRT III complex, which is required for MVBs (multivesicular bodies) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs.
The MVB pathway mediates release of transmembrane proteins into the lumen of the lysosome for degradation. The MVB pathway requires the sequential function of ESCRT-O, -I,-II and -III complexes. ESCRT-III proteins generally detach from the invaginating membrane before the ILV (intraluminal vesicles) is released. ESCRT-III proteins are thought to mediate the basic vesicle extrusion and/or membrane fission activities, probably in conjunction with the AAA ATPase VPS4.

MOBKL1B is a member of the MOB1/phocein family. MOBKL1B stimulates the kinase activity of STK38 and STK38L. MOBKL1B also binds to and regulates downstream targets such as the NDR-family protein kinases and LATS1 kinase. Thus, MOBKL1B participates in cell cycle checkpoint control and tumor inhibition.

CAMK4 is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family, and of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. CAMK4 is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase with restricted tissue distribution which is associated to transcriptional regulation in lymphocytes, neurons and male germ cells.

RAB11A is part of the small GTPase superfamily, Rab family. RAB11A is related with both constitutive and regulated secretory pathways, and takes part in protein transport. RAB11A is a well-known marker for protein trafficking, sorting, and recycling in the endosomal pathway. RAB11A is a main regulator of membrane delivery during cytokinesis.

Lymphokine-activated killer T-cell-originated protein kinase (PBK) is a serine/threonine kinase related to the dual specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKK) family. PBK is abundant in placenta (is also found in the testis’ outer cell layer of seminiferous tubules) and absent from adult brain tissue. PBK is involved in the activation of lymphoid cells and supports testicular functions, with a possible role in the process of spermatogenesis. Mitotic phosphorylation is required for PBK’s catalytic activity. Once phosphorylated,PBK forms a complex with TP53, leading to TP53 destabilization and weakening of G2/M checkpoint during some kind of DNA damage. PBK is active only during mitosis. In addition, a PDZ domain in the tumor suppressor protein Dlg can coordinate with the T/SXV motif of PBK. PBK also phosphorylates MAP kinase p38, and may have a role in the activation of lymphoid cells.

TRIAP1 has a p53-binding site in its second exon. TRIAP1 expression is reduced by small interfering RNA enhanced apoptosis, while overexpression of TRIAP1 protects cells from apoptosis triggered by DNA damage. TRIAP1 is highly induced when cells have low levels of genotoxic stresses, but not when DNA damage is severe. TRIAP1 is able to control apoptotic pathways by interacting with Hsp70 which inhibits activity of apoptosis protease activating factor-1.

Anterior gradient protein 3 homolog precursor (AGR3) is a secreted cytoplasmic protein that is involved in metastasis induction and p53 tumor suppressor inhibition. AGR3 may function as molecular marker and potential therapeutic target for hormone-responsive breast tumors.

The MutS DNA Mismatch Protein Identifies heteroduplex DNAs comprising mis-paired or unpaired bases. The MutS DNA Mismatch Protein binds in vitro to heteroduplex DNAs comprising mis-paired or unpaired bases over a varied temperature range from 4-70 °C and obtains a thermostable ATPase activity. The MutS DNA Mismatch Protein is active at temperature between 0 to 75°C. Since The MutS DNA Mismatch Protein competently binds to 1-4 bases deletion (or insertion) and mismatch base pairs of GT, CT and AG, it is suitable for sensing these mutations. Mutations can be distinguished in polyacrylamide gels or on a solid phase such as Ni agarose or beads or magnetic Ni-NTA particles.

The Recombinant Protein L is comprised of 5 kappa-binding domains. Protein L has the exceptional ability to bind through kappa light chain interactions without hindering with the antibody’s antigen-binding site. This gives Protein L the capacity to bind a broader range of Ig classes and subclasses than other antibody-binding proteins. The recombinant Protein L is perfect for purification of polyclonal or monoclonal IgG antibodies. Protein L binds to IgG from humans, mice, rats and pigs.

Recoverin is a member of the recoverin family of neuronal calcium sensors. Recoverin is a heterogeneously acylated calcium-binding and intracellular signal transduction 23kDa protein in the photoreceptor cells of retina. Recoverin contains four EF-hands, of which two bind Ca. Ca-induced extrusion of the acyl group from a hydrophobic cleft in the protein drives the translocation of recoverin from solution to the disc membrane. Recoverin may prolong the termination of the phototransduction cascade in the retina by blocking the phosphorylation of photo-activated rhodopsin. Recoverin plays a key role in the inhibition of rhodopsin kinase, a molecule that regulates the phosphorylation of rhodopsin. This in due course controls the ability of the eye to adapt to, and recover from, exposure to the presence of light. Recoverin is a detectable serologic protein that is expressed in patients with cancer-associated retinopathy, a paraneoplastic syndrome.

Vitronectin (VTN) which is a part of the pexin family is a cell adhesion and spreading factor found in serum and tissues. VTN interacts with glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. VTN inhibits the membrane-damaging effect of the terminal cytolytic complement pathway and binds to numerous serpin serine protease inhibitors. Scientists have been noticed an over expression of VTN, integrins and plasminogen in migrating cells during wound healing.

Myoglobin, mitochondrial precursor is a cytosolic oxygen-binding protein in charge of the storage and diffusion of oxygen within myocytes. The largest expression of MB is in the skeletal and cardiac muscle. MB operates in various functions in muscular oxygen supply, such as oxygen storage, facilitated diffusion, and myoglobin-mediated oxidative phosphorylation.

Four and a half LIM domains 3 (FHL3) belongs to a family of proteins containing a four-and-a-half LIM domain, which is a highly conserved double zinc finger motif. FHL3 has been shown to interact with the cancer developmental regulators SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD4, the skeletal muscle myogenesis protein MyoD, and the high-affinity IgE beta chain regulator MZF-1. FHL3 is involved in tumor suppression, repression of MyoD expression, and repression of IgE receptor expression. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

TSG101 is a member of apparently inactive homologs of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. TSG101 contains a coiled-coil domain that interacts with stathmin, a cytosolic phosphoprotein implicated in tumorigenesis. TSG101 is involved in cell growth and differentiation and acts as a negative growth regulator. TSG101 in vitro steady-state expression is important for maintenance of genomic stability and cell cycle regulation. TSG101 mutations and alternative splicing occur in high rate in breast cancer and implicate that defects occur during breast cancer tumorigenesis and/or progression. TSG101 is a factor of the ESCRT-I complex, a monitor of vesicular trafficking process. TSG101 binds to ubiquitinated cargo proteins and is needed for the sorting of endocytic ubiquitinated cargos into multivesicular bodies. TSG101 is needed for completion of cytokinesis and is involved in cell growth and differentiation.

Charged multivesicular body protein 1a (CHMP1A) is a member of the vacuolar sorting protein family and functions as chromatin-modifying protein. These complexes are essential for sorting endosomal articles into multivesicular bodies (MVBs), as well as vital for the formation of these bodies. The MVBs pathway mediates distribution of transmembrane proteins into the lumen of the lysosome for degradation. CHMP1 interacts with VPS4B and localizes to early endosomes.

Human Retinol Binding Protein, also known as RBP, is responsible for transporting and binding vitamin A. Human RBP has a binding site for 1 molecule of retinol and circulates in the plasma together with prealbumin as a protein complex. The prealbumin binding prevents greater glomerular losses of the human RBP. Only the retinol-free form of the RBP, which has no affinity for prealbumin, undergoes glomerular filtration unhindered as a result of its low Mw. Human RBP is re-absorbed by the tubular cells and catabolized there.