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Tissue Factor is the main initiator of the extrinsic blood coagulation pathway. after vascular injury, Tissue Factor binds circulating Factor VII/VIIa, forming the TF–FVIIa complex, which activates Factors IX and X, leading to thrombin generation and fibrin clot formation. Tissue Factor also participates in cell signalling influencing inflammation, angiogenesis, wound healing, and tumor progression.

What is the molecular weight / Mw of Tissue Factor Protein?
Tissue Factor Protein has a total Mw of 45kDa.

What is the source or expression system of Tissue Factor Protein?
CHO Cells

What is the Purity of Tissue Factor Protein?
Tissue Factor Protein is >98% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of Tissue Factor Protein?
The enzymatic activity was determined by its ability to activate fluorogenic peptide substrate Boc-VPR-AMC cleavage, when bound in 1:1 complex with Coagulation Factor VII.

What is the amino acid sequence of Tissue Factor Protein?
SGTTNTVAAY NLTWKSTNFK TILEWEPKPV NQVYTVQIST KSGDWKSKCF YTTDTECDLT DEIVKDVKQT YLARVFSYPA GNVESTGSAG EPLYENSPEF TPYLETNLGQ PTIQSFEQVG TKVNVTVEDE RTLVRRNNTF LSLRDVFGKD LIYTLYYWKS SSSGKKTAKT NTNEFLIDVD KGENYCFSVQ AVIPSRTVNR KSTDSPVECM GQEKGEFREH HHHHH

What applications can Tissue Factor Protein be used in?
Tissue Factor Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for Tissue Factor Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, Tissue Factor Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

D-dimer, a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot dissolves, is a vital marker in the realms of hematology and vascular medicine. Its presence signifies the ongoing process of fibrinolysis, where clots formed in blood vessels are broken down. Beyond its diagnostic significance, understanding the roles of D-dimer in human physiology and pathology is essential for comprehending coagulation disorders and cardiovascular diseases. This research delves into the multifaceted aspects of D-dimer, exploring its physiological functions, diagnostic applications, and implications in various medical conditions.

Physiological Functions:

In physiological conditions, coagulation and fibrinolysis are finely regulated processes, ensuring hemostasis and preventing excessive bleeding or clot formation. D-dimer is a natural byproduct of fibrinolysis, created when plasmin, an enzyme, breaks down fibrin clots. In this context, D-dimer acts as a marker of the body's intricate balance between clot formation and dissolution. It reflects the ongoing maintenance of vascular integrity, showcasing the body's ability to prevent unnecessary clotting.

Diagnostic Significance:

D-dimer holds significant diagnostic value, especially in the context of thrombotic disorders. Elevated levels of D-dimer in the blood are indicative of increased fibrinolysis, potentially signaling an underlying clotting disorder. Clinically, D-dimer assays are widely used to rule out thromboembolic events, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). Moreover, D-dimer levels are crucial in risk stratification and decision-making processes in emergency departments, aiding in the timely diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic conditions.

Cardiovascular Implications:

Research has indicated a strong correlation between elevated D-dimer levels and cardiovascular diseases. In conditions like coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke, where abnormal clot formation contributes to pathogenesis, D-dimer serves as a prognostic marker. Its presence hints at the ongoing vascular damage and the potential risk of acute events. Studying these correlations provides valuable insights into the progression of cardiovascular diseases, aiding in the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.

Beyond Coagulation Disorders:

Interestingly, recent research has begun to explore D-dimer's involvement in conditions beyond coagulation disorders. Studies suggest links between elevated D-dimer levels and inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis and rheumatoid arthritis. This expanding scope highlights the intricate interplay between coagulation, inflammation, and immune responses, shedding light on novel avenues for therapeutic interventions.

Conclusion:

D-dimer, once a simple marker of fibrinolysis, has evolved into a multifaceted indicator in the realm of medicine. Its physiological role as a byproduct of clot dissolution is intertwined with its diagnostic significance in thrombotic events and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, emerging research is uncovering its involvement in inflammatory processes, broadening its clinical implications. By delving into the complexities of D-dimer, scientists and clinicians pave the way for a deeper understanding of coagulation disorders and associated conditions, driving advancements in diagnostics and therapies.

Rabbit C3b serves as a critical opsonin, enhancing the recognition and engulfment of pathogens and immune complexes by phagocytic cells. Through its covalent attachment to target surfaces, C3b facilitates the recognition of foreign antigens and promotes their clearance by the immune system. C3b contributes to the inflammatory response by generating C5 convertase complexes, leading to the cleavage of C5 into C5a and C5b. C5a is a potent chemoattractant and activator of immune cells, promoting the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages to sites of infection or tissue damage.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a key intermediate filament protein found predominantly in astrocytes, a type of glial cell in the central nervous system. While extensive research has been conducted on GFAP in rodents and humans, the study of GFAP in bovine brain tissue is an emerging area with potential for advancing our understanding of astrocytic function and neurological health in larger mammals. Bovine brains provide a unique model system due to their size and complexity, making them valuable for investigating astrocyte-specific functions. This research aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of GFAP in bovine brain tissue, shedding light on its functions and implications for neurological health.

The primary objective of this research is to elucidate the role of GFAP in bovine brain tissue, particularly in astrocyte structure and function. In vitro and ex vivo experiments, utilizing bovine astrocyte cultures and brain tissue slices, will be conducted to investigate how GFAP contributes to astrocytic morphology, intracellular signaling, and response to neuronal injury or disease. Understanding these mechanisms is fundamental for deciphering the complexities of astrocyte biology in large mammalian brains.

The second objective is to assess the relevance of bovine GFAP in neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries. Studies involving bovine brain models of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease or traumatic brain injury will be conducted to evaluate the role of GFAP in disease progression, neuroinflammation, and tissue repair. These investigations may provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders.

The third objective is to explore the potential applications of bovine GFAP in biotechnology and medical research. Research will investigate the use of bovine astrocyte cultures as models for studying astrocyte-neuron interactions and for developing tissue engineering approaches for neurological repair and regeneration.

By delving into the functions and roles of GFAP in bovine brain tissue, this research aims to expand our knowledge of astrocyte biology, its implications for neurological health, and its potential applications in biotechnology and medical research.

Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) is a multifunctional protein that plays a crucial role in the transport of retinol (vitamin A) in the bloodstream. Beyond its traditional role in vitamin A metabolism, RBP4 has emerged as a key player in various physiological processes and pathological conditions. This research endeavors to explore the diverse facets of RBP4 in human biology, shedding light on its physiological functions, regulatory mechanisms, and implications in health and disease.

Physiological Functions:

At its core, RBP4 acts as a carrier protein, shuttling retinol from the liver, where it is stored, to peripheral tissues where it is utilized. Retinol is vital for vision, immune function, growth, and development, making RBP4 an essential component in these processes. By regulating the availability of retinol, RBP4 contributes significantly to maintaining normal vision, immune responses, and cellular differentiation, particularly in epithelial tissues.

Metabolic Significance:

Research has unveiled RBP4’s role in metabolic regulation. It has been associated with insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Elevated RBP4 levels are observed in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance, implicating its involvement in metabolic disorders. Understanding the interplay between RBP4, insulin signaling, and glucose metabolism is crucial for deciphering the complexities of diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

Immunological Implications:

Beyond its metabolic functions, RBP4 has been implicated in immune responses. Studies have suggested its involvement in modulating inflammatory processes and immune cell functions. By influencing immune cell differentiation and cytokine production, RBP4 may play a role in both immune defense and autoimmune disorders. Investigating these immunological implications provides insights into the crosstalk between metabolic and immune pathways.

Genetic and Environmental Influences:

Genetic variations and environmental factors, such as diet and lifestyle, can impact RBP4 levels and functions. Research into these influences is essential for understanding individual susceptibility to metabolic disorders and inflammatory conditions. Genetic studies shed light on the hereditary aspects of RBP4 regulation, providing valuable information for personalized medicine approaches.

Clinical Relevance:

RBP4’s involvement in various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers, underscores its clinical relevance. It serves as a potential biomarker for metabolic dysregulation and a target for therapeutic interventions. Moreover, RBP4-targeted therapies are being explored for their potential in managing metabolic disorders and related complications.

Conclusion:

RBP4, once primarily recognized for its role in vitamin A transport, has evolved into a multifaceted protein with intricate roles in metabolism, immunity, and disease. Its functions extend far beyond being a mere carrier of retinol, influencing diverse physiological processes and serving as a nexus between metabolic health and immunological responses. Unraveling the complexities of RBP4 opens avenues for understanding diseases like diabetes and offers promising prospects for innovative therapies, emphasizing its significance in human biology and medicine.

I-TAC is a small cytokine belongs to the CXC chemokinen family which also called inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant and IP-9. I-TAC is expressed mainly in peripheral blood leukocytes, liver and pancreas with moderate levels in spleen, thymus and lung and low levels in small intestine, placenta and prostate. IFN-g and IFN-b induces strongly gene expression of I-TAC. The I-TAC chemokine elicits its effects on its target cells by interacting with the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR3, with a higher affinity than do the other ligands for this receptor, CXCL9 and CXCL10.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of CXCL11 HUMAN (63-87 A.A.) Protein?
CXCL11 HUMAN (63-87 A.A.) Protein has a total Mw of 9kDa.

What is the source or expression system of CXCL11 HUMAN (63-87 A.A.) Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of CXCL11 HUMAN (63-87 A.A.) Protein?
CXCL11 HUMAN (63-87 A.A.) Protein is >90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of CXCL11 HUMAN (63-87 A.A.) Protein?
The biological functionality of CXCL11 HUMAN (63-87 A.A.) Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of CXCL11 HUMAN (63-87 A.A.) Protein?
CXCL11 HUMAN (63-87 A.A.) Protein is composed from 25 amino acids.

What applications can CXCL11 HUMAN (63-87 A.A.) Protein be used in?
CXCL11 HUMAN (63-87 A.A.) Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for CXCL11 HUMAN (63-87 A.A.) Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, CXCL11 HUMAN (63-87 A.A.) Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

Who supplies recombinant CXCL11 HUMAN (63-87 A.A.) that is in stock and available to order?
ProSpec has the protein in stock and available for immediate delivery.

Where can I order bulk mg quantities of CXCL11 HUMAN (63-87 A.A.)?
ProSpec supplies bulk mg quantities at affordable prices that meets research and academic budgets.

LL-37, a prominent member of the human cathelicidin family, has emerged as a pivotal host defense peptide with diverse biological functions. This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of LL-37, elucidating its biochemical properties, antimicrobial activity, immunomodulatory effects, and potential therapeutic applications.

LL-37, derived from the precursor protein hCAP18, plays a crucial role in innate immunity and host defense against microbial pathogens. Beyond its well-established antimicrobial properties, LL-37 exhibits various immunomodulatory effects, making it an intriguing target for therapeutic interventions (Lai & Gallo, 2009). This paper aims to delve into the complexities of LL-37, uncovering its multifaceted nature and potential clinical applications.

LL-37 is a cationic peptide characterized by a helical structure that facilitates its interaction with microbial membranes. Its amphipathic nature enables it to penetrate microbial membranes, leading to disruption and subsequent cell death (Zaiou, 2007). Additionally, LL-37 can undergo proteolytic processing to release smaller bioactive fragments with distinct functions (Bowdish et al., 2005).

LL-37's antimicrobial activity extends beyond direct microbial killing. It also exhibits immunomodulatory effects, stimulating the recruitment of immune cells and promoting the clearance of pathogens through phagocytosis (Scott et al., 2002). Furthermore, LL-37 can neutralize endotoxins, reducing inflammation caused by microbial products (Davidson et al., 2004).

LL-37 possesses immunomodulatory properties that influence various immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes (Nagaoka et al., 2001). It can promote the differentiation and maturation of immune cells, modulate cytokine production, and contribute to wound healing and tissue repair (van Harten et al., 2018).

The multifunctional nature of LL-37 renders it a promising candidate for various therapeutic applications. LL-37-based therapies are being explored in wound healing, infectious diseases, and immune-related disorders (Pena et al., 2014). Furthermore, LL-37 has shown potential as a vaccine adjuvant, enhancing the immune response to antigens (Howell et al., 2018).

LL-37's diverse roles in immunity and host defense warrant further research to unravel its precise mechanisms of action and potential applications in clinical medicine. As we deepen our understanding of LL-37's complexities, its therapeutic potential continues to expand, offering exciting prospects for the future.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of CXCL7 95 A.A HUMAN Protein?
CXCL7 95 A.A HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 10.3kDa.

What is the source or expression system of CXCL7 95 A.A HUMAN Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of CXCL7 95 A.A HUMAN Protein?
CXCL7 95 A.A HUMAN Protein is > 90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of CXCL7 95 A.A HUMAN Protein?
The biological functionality of CXCL7 95 A.A HUMAN Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of CXCL7 95 A.A HUMAN Protein?
MSSTKGQTKR NLAKGKEESL DSDLYAELRC MCIKTTSGIH PKNIQSLEVI GKGTHCNQVE VIATLKDGRK ICLDPDAPRI KKIVQKKLAG DESAD

What applications can CXCL7 95 A.A HUMAN Protein be used in?
CXCL7 95 A.A HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for CXCL7 95 A.A HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, CXCL7 95 A.A HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of HDGF2 HUMAN Protein?
HDGF2 HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 25.1kDa.

What is the source or expression system of HDGF2 HUMAN Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of HDGF2 HUMAN Protein?
HDGF2 HUMAN Protein is >90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of HDGF2 HUMAN Protein?
The biological functionality of HDGF2 HUMAN Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of HDGF2 HUMAN Protein?
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSHMARPRP REYKAGDLVF AKMKGYPHWP ARIDELPEGA VKPPANKYPI FFFGTHETAF LGPKDLFPYK EYKDKFGKSN KRKGFNEGLW EIENNPGVKF TGYQAIQQQS SSETEGEGGN TADASSEEEG DRVEEDGKGK RKNEKAGSKR KKSYTSKKSS
KQSRKSPGDE DDKDCKEEEN KSSSEGGDAG NDTRNTTSDL QKTSEGT.

What applications can HDGF2 HUMAN Protein be used in?
HDGF2 HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for HDGF2 HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, HDGF2 HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of CXCL12 RAT ALPHA Protein?
CXCL12 RAT ALPHA Protein has a total Mw of 7.9kDa.

What is the source or expression system of CXCL12 RAT ALPHA Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of CXCL12 RAT ALPHA Protein?
CXCL12 RAT ALPHA Protein is > 97% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of CXCL12 RAT ALPHA Protein?
The specific activity as determined by its ability to chemoattract human peripheral blood monocytes at 50-100ng/ml corresponding to a Specific Activity of 10,000-20,000IU/mg.

What is the amino acid sequence of CXCL12 RAT ALPHA Protein?
KPVSLSYRCP CRFFESHVAR ANVKHLKILN TPNCALQIVA RLKSNNRQVC IDPKLKWIQE YLDKALNK.

What applications can CXCL12 RAT ALPHA Protein be used in?
CXCL12 RAT ALPHA Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for CXCL12 RAT ALPHA Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, CXCL12 RAT ALPHA Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

Who supplies recombinant CXCL12 RAT ALPHA that is in stock and available to order?
ProSpec has the protein in stock and available for immediate delivery.

Where can I order bulk mg quantities of CXCL12 RAT ALPHA?
ProSpec supplies bulk mg quantities at affordable prices that meets research and academic budgets.