Search results

G3BP1 belongs to the heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins and is also an element of the Ras signal transduction pathway. G3BP1 is one of the DNA-unwinding enzymes that favors partially unwound 3'-tailed substrates and is also able to unwind partial RNA/DNA and RNA/RNA duplexes in an ATP-dependent fashion. G3BP1 binds specifically to the Ras-GTPase-activating protein by associating with its SH3 domain. In addition, G3BP1 cleaves exclusively between cytosine and adenine and cleaves MYC mRNA preferentially at the 3'-UTR.

LAT is a vital membrane protein that is phosphorylated by ZAP-70/Syk protein tyrosine kinases succeeding activation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signal transduction pathway. LAT is expressed in T lymphocytes in interstitial spaces, platelets and megakaryocytes.

TREM2 is a membrane protein that forms a receptor signaling complex with TYROBP. TREM2 may be involved in chronic inflammation by triggering the production of constitutive inflammatory cytokines. Defects in the TREM2 gene are a source of polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL).

ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit (CLPP) is a member of the peptidase family S14. CLPP cleaves peptides in a variety of proteins in a manner which requires ATP hydrolysis. CLPP being the catalytic core of the Clp proteolytic complex is commonly involved in many cellular processes via the regulation of intracellular protein quality. CLPP is responsible for a somewhat general and central housekeeping function rather than for the degradation of specific substrates.

Clusterin also known as Apolipoprotein J (APO-J) is a 75-80 kD disulfide-linked heterodimeric protein containing about 30% of N-linked carbohydrate rich in sialic acid but truncated forms targeted to the nucleus have also been identified.
The precursor polypeptide chain is cleaved proteolytically to remove the 22-mer secretory signal peptide and subsequently between residues 227/228 to generate the a and b chains. These are assembled in anti-parallel to give a heterodimeric molecule in which the cysteine-rich centers are linked by 5 disulfide bridges and are flanked by 2 predicted coiled-coil a-helices and 3 predicted amphipathic a-helices.
Across a broad range of species clusterin shows a high degree of sequence homology ranging from 70% -80%. It is nearly ubiquitously expressed in most mammalian tissues and can be found in plasma, milk, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and semen.
It is able to bind and form complexes with numerous partners such as immunoglobulins, lipids, heparin, bacteria, complement components, paraoxonase, beta amyloid, leptin and others. Clusterin has been ascribed a plethora of functions such as phagocyte recruitment, aggregation induction, complement attack prevention, apoptosis inhibition, membrane remodeling, lipid transport, hormone transport and/or scavenging, matrix metalloproteinase inhibition.
Clusterin is up/down regulated on the mRNA or protein level in many pathological and clinically relevant situations including cancer, organ regeneration, infection, Alzheimer disease, retinitis pigmentosa, myocardial infarction, renal tubular damage, autoimmunity and others.

Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT or Tau) is a protein that stabilizes microtubules. MAPT is abundant in neurons in the central nervous system and is less common elsewhere. When MAPT is defective, and no longer stabilizes microtubules properly, it can result in dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease.

ASB8 is a substrate-recognition component of a SCF-like ECS (Elongin-Cullin-SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that facilitates the ubiquitination and consequent proteasomal degradation of objective proteins.

Egl Nine Homolog 3 (EGLN3) belongs to the EGLN family of prolyl hydroxylases. EGLN3 catalyzes hydroxylation of the ? subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor-?, which targets hypoxia-inducible factor-? for ubiquitination by a ubiquitin ligase complex containing the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor. EGLN3 is the most significant isozyme in limiting physiological activation of HIFs (especially HIF2A) in hypoxia. EGLN3 is activated in cardiovascular cells and Hela cells after exposure to hypoxia. In addition, EGLN3 hydroxylates PKM2 in hypoxia, thus limiting glycolysis. Under normoxia, EGLN3 hydroxylates and regulates the stability of ADRB2. EGLN3 is inhibited by polynitrogen compounds possibly by chelation to Fe2+ ions.

Basic transcription factor 3 (BTF3), which is a member of the NAC-beta family, forms a stable complex with RNA polymerase II. The BTF3 protein is vital for the initiation of transcription.

The P34 protein is the main allergen for soybean sensitive humans. Soybean protein P34, a thiol protease belonging to the papain family, is a monomeric allergen having an N-terminal amino acid sequence and amino acid composition identical to that of the seed 34kDa protein. It is an insoluble glycoprotein having a pI of 4.5 and a calculated mass of 28.643 Dalton, representing 2–3% of total soybean protein. Upon glycosylation, the mass will be somewhat larger, resulting in a ~32kDa band in non-reduced SDS PAGE gels. It exhibits no enzymatic function due to an absence of the catalytic cysteine. P34 is stored in storage vacuoles of soybean cotyledons.

Alpha-hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP) is an erythroid-specific protein that acts as a chaperone to prevent the aggregation of A-hemoglobin during normal erythroid cell development. AHSP specifically protects free A-hemoglobin from precipitation in live cells and in solution. AHSP is expected to modulate pathological states of alpha-hemoglobin excess such as beta-thalassemia. Furthermore, AHSP promotes alpha globin chain stability in human erythropoiesis. In addition, the AHSP stabilizes the alpha-Hb chain, thus avoiding its precipitation and its ability to generate ROS, which is implicated in cell death. AHSP is expressed in blood and bone marrow. AHSP subunit is a monomer, it forms a heterodimer with free alpha-hemoglobin. On the other hand, AHSP does not bind beta-hemoglobin nor alpha2beta2 hemoglobin A. AHSP is downregulated in TSEs (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies).

MTPN is an ankyrin repeat protein, that stimulates protein synthesis and cardiomyocyte growth to commence cardiac hypertrophy by activating the NF-kappaB signaling cascade. Myotrophin participates in cerebellar morphogenesis and takes part in differentiation of cerebellar neurons, particularly of granule cells. High levels of MTPN are expressed in human dilated cardiomyopathic and ischemic hearts.

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMGCL) is a mitochondrial matrix protein which is a member of the HMG-CoA lyase family. HMGCL is a homodimer and participates in leucine catabolism and ketogenesis, the hepatic synthesis of ketone bodies which, during fasting, provides a major source of energy for the heart, brain and kidney. More precisely, HMGCL catalyzes the final step of these processes, the cleavage of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to acetoacetic acid and acetyl-CoA.

NAP1L1 is a member of the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family. NAP1L1 protein plays a part in DNA replication, modulating chromatin formation and regulation of cell proliferation.

SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like protein (SH3BGRL) belongs to the human SH3BGR family. SH3BGRL gene which is located to chromosome Xq13.3, encodes a small protein of 114 amino acids that is extensively expressed in various tissues including liver and blood. SH3BGRL protein contains a prolinerich sequence (PLPPQIF), which is comprsed of both the SH3 binding (PXXP)3 and the Homer EVH1 binding (PPXXF)4 motif.

HSPA6 is a distinctive member of the human Hsp70 chaperone that takes part in cellular processes such as protein trafficking, folding, and prevention of aggregation. HSPA6 is strictly stress-inducible, having little or no basal expression levels in most cells. HSPA6 and HSP72 are are involved in cell survival of proteotoxic stress.

Recombinant Mouse Sonic Hedgehog is part of a small group of secreted proteins that are vital for development in both vertebrates and invertebrates. 3 mammalian hedgehog genes (sonic, desert, Indian) share about 60% homology. The Mouse Sonic Hedgehog is 99% homologous to the human gene. Sonic HedgeHog is a protein that is vital in guding the early embryo. It has been associated as the major inductive signal in patterning of the ventral neural tube, the anterior-posterior limb axis, and the ventral somites. Sonic HedgeHog binds to the patched receptor, which functions in association with smoothened, to activate the transcription of target genes. In the absence of sonic HedgeHog, patched receptor represses the constitutive signaling activity of smoothened. Sonic HedgeHog also regulates another factor, the gli oncogene. Sonic HedgeHog intercellular signal is essential for a various patterning events during development: signal produced by the notochord that induces ventral cell fate in the neural tube and somites, and the polarizing signal for patterning of the anterior-posterior axis of the developing limb bud. Sonic HedgeHog exhibits both floor plate- and motor neuron-inducing activity. Mutations in a long-range Sonic HedgeHog enhancer located in an intron of the limb region 1 gene result in preaxial polydactyly.

DNAL4 is a member of the dynein light chain family. DNAL4 is a component of the dynein motor complex in cells that converts the chemical energy contained in ATP into the mechanical energy of movement. Dynein transports various cellular cargos by moving the length of cytoskeletal microtubules towards the minus-end of the microtubule, which is typically oriented towards the cell center.

SPRY Domain-Containing SOCS Cox Protein 2 (SPSB2) belongs to a suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family, and is a member of the subfamily of proteins containing a central SPRY (repeats in splA and RyR) domain and a C-terminal SOCS box. SPSB2 is present in a gene-rich cluster on chromosome 12p13 in the vicinity of the CD4 antigen and triosephosphate isomerase genes. SPSB2 is apparent substrate recognition component of a SCF-like ECS (Elongin BC-CUL2/5-SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that mediates the ubiquitination and ensuing proteasomal degradation of target proteins.

SRP14 is a ribonucleoprotein complex which mediates the directing of proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. The “Alu domain” of SRP is comprised of the heterodimer of the SRP9 and SRP14 proteins that are bound to the 5' and 3' terminal sequences of SRP RNA. SRP9/14 binding may be critical to the transcription, maturation, nucleolus localization and transport of SRP RNA.

Bestrophin 1 (BEST1) is a part of the bestrophin gene family and is also forms calcium-activated chloride-ion channels in epithelial. This small gene family is characterized by proteins with a highly conserved N-terminus with 4-6 transmembrane domains. BEST1 is extremely permeable to bicarbonate.

SUGT1 is homolog to yeast protein SGT1, a regulator of the cell cycle which is vital for G1/S and G2/M transitions. SUGT1 holds a CS domain, a SGS domain, a p23 domain and three tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR). SUGT1 protein associates with Skp1 p19 and CUL-1, subunits of the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex, and is believed to take a part in protein degradation. Furthermore, SUGT1 is essential for the kinetochores assembly, and has a role as a co-chaperone for HSP90.

TAF9 is a universal transcription factor which enables the preinitiation complex assembly by direct interactions with the TATA promoter element. TAF9 is a multisubunit complex consisting of a small TATA-binding polypeptide and other TBP-associated factors (TAFs) and performs as a channel for regulatory signals.

TBC1 Domain Family, Member 13, also known as TBC1D13, contains 1 Rab-GAP TBC domain. TBC1D13 acts as a GTPase-activating protein for Rab family protein.