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Description:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (121 a.a.) Mouse Recombinant

Vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-A, Vascular permeability factor, VPF, VEGF, MGC70609.

Product # :

CYT-574

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Description

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-121 Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a homodimer, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 121 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 28.4 kDa.Recombinant Mouse VEGF-121 is a truncated version of Murine VEGF-165.The VEGF-121 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized from a concentrated (1mg/ml) solution with no additives.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Vascular endothelial growth factor is an important signaling protein involved in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. As its name implies, VEGF activity has been mostly studied on cells of the vascular endothelium, although it does have effects on a number of other cell types (e.g. stimulation monocyte/macrophage migration, neurons, cancer cells, kidney epithelial cells ).VEGF mediates increased vascular permeability, induces angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth, promotes cell migration, and inhibits apoptosis. In vitro, VEGF has been shown to stimulate endothelial cell mitogenesis and cell migration. VEGF is also a vasodilator and increases microvascular permeability and was originally referred to as vascular permeability factor.
Elevated levels of this protein is linked to POEMS syndrome, also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome. Mutations in this gene have been associated with proliferative and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Synonyms
Vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-A, Vascular permeability factor, VPF, VEGF, MGC70609.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized VEGF-121 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution VEGF-121 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized VEGF-121 in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
MAPTTEGEQK SHEVIKFMDV YQRSYCRPIE TLVDIFQEYP DEIEYIFKPS CVPLMRCAGC CNDEALECVP TSESNITMQI MRIKPHQSQH IGEMSFLQHS RCECRPKKDR TKPEKCDKRPR R.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Follistatin Human Recombinant

FST, FS

Product # :

CYT-232

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Description

Follistatin Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 288 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 31.5kDa.The FST is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a concentrated (1mg/ml) solution containing no additives.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The activity is determined by the ability to neutralize ACTV inhibitory effect of mouse MPC-11 cells. The expected ED50 is 100-400ng/ml, corresponding to a Specific Activity of 2,500-10,000units/mg in the presence of 7.5ng/ml ACTV A.

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Introduction
Follistatin is a single-chain gonadal protein that specifically inhibits follicle-stimulating hormone release. The single FST gene encodes two isoforms, FST317 and FST344 containing 317 and 344 amino acids respectively, resulting from alternative splicing of the precursor mRNA. In a study in which 37 candidate genes were tested for linkage and association with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or hyperandrogenemia in 150 families, evidence was found for linkage between PCOS and follistatin. Follistatin functions as an ACTV antagonist. specific inhibitor of the biosynthesis and secretion of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (fsh).
Synonyms
FST, FS
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Follistatin although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution FST should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Follistatin in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
The sequence of the first five N-terminal amino acids was determined and was found to be Gly-Asn-Cys-Trp-Leu.
Background
What is the molecular weight/Mw of FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein?
FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 31.5kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein?
FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein?
The activity is determined by the ability to neutralize ACTV inhibitory effect of mouse MPC-11 cells. The expected ED50 is 100-400ng/ml, corresponding to a Specific Activity of 2,500-10,000units/mg in the presence of 7.5ng/ml ACTV A.

What is the amino acid sequence of FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein?
The sequence of the first five N-terminal amino acids was determined and was found to be Gly-Asn-Cys-Trp-Leu.

What applications can FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein be used in?
FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Avidin

Avidin, AVD, AVID.

Product # :

PRO-500

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Description

Avidin is a glycosylated polypeptide chain having a molecular mass of 68kDa and containing 4 subunits each with a binding site for biotin. The Avidin is purified by affinity chromatographic techniques.The purification procedure ensures minimal contamination by other proteins or DNA.The resulting high activity and purity of the product gives very low non-specific binding (NSB).

Source

Hen's egg white.

Biological Activity

15.0 units/mg protein, 1 unit binds 1µg biotin.

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Introduction
Avidin is a tetrameric protein of 4 identical subunits (homotetramer) each of which can bind to biotin with a high degree of affinity and specificity. Avidin molecular weight in its tetrameric form is estimated to be between 66-69 kDa. Avidin is produced in the oviducts of birds, reptiles and amphibians and is subsequently deposited in the whites of their eggs. In the chicken egg white, avidin makes up roughly 0.05% of total protein (approximately 1.8 mg per egg). 10% of Avidin’s molecular weight is ascribed to carbohydrate content which is composed of four to five mannose and three N-acetylglucosamine residues. Avidin has at least three distinctive oligosaccharide structural type which are similar in structure and composition. The dissociation constant (KD) of avidin is approximately 10-15M, making it one of the strongest known non-covalent bonds.
Synonyms
Avidin, AVD, AVID.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered white lyophilized powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Avidin although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Avidin should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Avidin in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml or more than 10mg/ml solutions.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Activin A Human Recombinant, Plant

Inhba, Inhibin beta A, FSH releasing protein.

Product # :

CYT-052

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Description

Activin A human Recombinant produced in Nicotiana benthamiana plant is a disulfide-linked homodimers of two betaA chains, each containing 116 amino residues (molecular formula C600H911N173O174S13) and 6-His-tag at the N-terminal having the total molecular mass of 27.4kDa.

Source

Nicotiana benthamiana plant

Formulation

Lyophilized from 1mg/ml solution in Tris HCl 0.05M buffer at pH 7.4.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Activins are homodimers or heterodimers of the different ? subunit isoforms, part of the TGF? family. Mature Activin A has two 116 amino acids residues betaA subunits (bA-bA). Activin displays an extensive variety of biological activities, including mesoderm induction, neural cell differentiation, bone remodelling, haematopoiesis, and reproductive physiology. Activins takes part in the production and regulation of hormones such as FSH, LH, GnRH and ACTH. Cells that are identified to express Activin A include fibroblasts, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, keratinocytes, osteoclasts, bone marrow monocytes, prostatic epithelium, neurons, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and ovarian granulosa cells.
Synonyms
Inhba, Inhibin beta A, FSH releasing protein.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Activin A although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Activin A should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Activin A in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
HHHHHHGLEC DGKVNICCKK QFFVSFKDIG WNDWIIAPSG YHANYCEGEC PSHIAGTSGS SLSFHSTVIN HYRMRGHSPF ANLKSCCVPT KLRPMSMLYY DDGQNIIKKD IQNMIVEECG CS
Background
What is the molecular weight / Mw of Activin A Protein?
Activin A Protein has a total Mw of 27.4 kDa.
What is the source or expression system of Activin A Protein?
Nicotinia

What is the Purity of Activin A Protein?
Activin A Protein is >97% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of Activin A Protein?
The biological functionality of Activin-A Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the endotoxin level for Activin A Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, ACTIVIN A Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the amino acid sequence of ACTIVIN A Protein?
HHHHHHGLEC DGKVNICCKK QFFVSFKDIG WNDWIIAPSG YHANYCEGEC PSHIAGTSGS SLSFHSTVIN HYRMRGHSPF ANLKSCCVPT KLRPMSMLYY DDGQNIIKKD IQNMIVEECG CS

What applications can ACTIVIN A Protein be used in?
ACTIVIN A Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.
Serological Identification
The protein was electrophoresed under reducing condition on a 15% SDS-polyacrylamide gel, transferred by electroblotting to a NC membrane and visualized by immune-detection with specific antibody Activin A.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Vaspin Recombinant Human

Serpin A12 precursor, Visceral adipose-specific serpin, Visceral adipose tissue- derived serine protease inhibitor, Vaspin, OL-64, SERPINA12, Serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade A, antitrypsin, alpha-1 antiproteinase.

Product # :

CYT-1132

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Description

Vaspin Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non- glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 394 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 45.1kDa. Vaspin is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2μm filtered concentrated solution in 20mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 150mM NaCl and 0.02 % Tween-20.

Purity

Greater than 98.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Vaspin (visceral adipose-specific SERPIN) is a newly identified adipokine, which is a member of serine protease inhibitor family. Vaspin is also a unique insulin sensitizing adipocytokine in obesity. A recent publication indicates that induction of human vaspin mRNA expression in adipose tissue is regulated in a fat depot-specific manner and could be associated with parameters of obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose metabolism.
Synonyms
Serpin A12 precursor, Visceral adipose-specific serpin, Visceral adipose tissue- derived serine protease inhibitor, Vaspin, OL-64, SERPINA12, Serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade A, antitrypsin, alpha-1 antiproteinase.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Vaspin although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Vaspin should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Vaspin in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
LKPSFSPRNY KALSEVQGWK QRMAAKELAR QNMDLGFKLL KKLAFYNPGR NIFLSPLSIS TAFSMLCLGA QDSTLDEIKQ GFNFRKMPEK DLHEGFHYII HELTQKTQDL KLSIGNTLFI DQRLQPQRKF LEDAKNFYSA ETILTNFQNL EMAQKQINDF ISQKTHGKIN NLIENIDPGT VMLLANYIFF RARWKHEFDP NVTKEEDFFL EKNSSVKVPM MFRSGIYQVG YDDKLSCTIL EIPYQKNITA IFILPDEGKL KHLEKGLQVD TFSRWKTLLS RRVVDVSVPR LHMTGTFDLK KTLSYIGVSK IFEEHGDLTK IAPHRSLKVG EAVHKAELKM DERGTEGAAG TGAQTLPMET PLVVKIDKPY LLLIYSEKIP SVLFLGKIVN PIGK.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Thymosin β4

Thymosin beta-4. TB500, TB-500

Product # :

HOR-275

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Description

Thymosin b4 is a 43 amino acid peptide which is regarded as the main intracellular G-actin sequestering peptide. It has a molecular weight of 4963.55 Da, and its molecular formula is: C212H350N56O78S1. Extracellular Thymosin b4 may contribute to physiological processes such as angiogenesis, wound healing, and regulation of inflammation.

Formulation

The protein (1mg/ml) was lyophilized with no additives.

Purity

Greater than 98.0% as determined by RP-HPLC.

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Introduction
Thymosin is a hormone secreted from the thymus. Its primary function is to stimulate the production of T cells, which are an important part of the immune system. Thymosin also assists in the development of B cells to plasma cells to produce antibodies. The predominant form of thymosin, thymosin b4, is a member of a highly conserved family of actin monomer-sequestering proteins. b-thymosins are the primary regulators of unpolymerized actin, and are essential for maintaining the small cytoplasmic pool of free G-actin monomers required for rapid filament elongation and allowing for the flux of monomers between the thymosin-bound pool and F-actin.
Synonyms
Thymosin beta-4. TB500, TB-500
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Thymosin b4 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution T beta 4 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Thymosin beta-4 in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100 µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
Thymosin b4 has an a.a. sequence of Ac-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro-Asp-Met-Ala-Glu-Ile-Glu-Lys-Phe-Asp-Lys-Ser-Lys-Leu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Gln-Glu-Lys-Asn-Pro-Leu-Pro-Ser-Lys-Glu-Thr-Ile-Glu-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gln-Ala-Gly-Glu-Ser-OH.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

GREM1 Human Recombinant

Gremlin-1 isoform 1, CKTSF1B1, DAND2, DRM, GREMLIN, IHG-2, PIG2, GREM1, Cell proliferation-inducing gene 2 protein, Cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 1, DAN domain family member 2, Down-regulated in Mos-transformed cells protein, Increased in high glucose protein 2.

Product # :

PRO-1359

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Shipped with Ice Packs

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Description

GREM1 Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 183 amino acids (25-184) and having a molecular mass of 20.7 kDa. GREM1 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The GREM1 solution (0.5mg/ml) contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 0.4M Urea and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
GREM1 belongs to the BMP (bone morphogenic protein) antagonist family. Like BMPs, BMP antagonists comprise cystine knots and usually form homo- and heterodimers. The CAN (cerberus and dan) subfamily of BMP antagonists, to which GREM1 belongs, is characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot with an eight-membered ring. The antagonistic effect of the secreted glycosylated protein is because of its direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, GREM1 takes a place in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. In mouse, GREM1 has been shown to convey the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signal from the polarizing region to the apical ectodermal ridge during limb bud outgrowth. Alternatively merged transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Synonyms
Gremlin-1 isoform 1, CKTSF1B1, DAND2, DRM, GREMLIN, IHG-2, PIG2, GREM1, Cell proliferation-inducing gene 2 protein, Cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 1, DAN domain family member 2, Down-regulated in Mos-transformed cells protein, Increased in high glucose protein 2.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSKKKGSQG AIPPPDKAQH NDSEQTQSPQ QPGSRNRGRG QGRGTAMPGE EVLESSQEAL HVTERKYLKR DWCKTQPLKQ TIHEEGCNSR TIINRFCYGQ CNSFYIPRHI RKEEGSFQSC SFCKPKKFTT MMVTLNCPEL QPPTKKKRVT RVKQCRCISI DLD.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (121 a.a.) Mouse Recombinant, Yeast

Vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-A, Vascular permeability factor, VPF, VEGF, MGC70609.

Product # :

CYT-1125

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Shipped at Room temp

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Description

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (121 a.a.) Mouse Recombinant produced in yeast is a disulfide-linked homodimer consisting of 2x121 amino acid polypeptide chains, having a molecular mass of approximately 20.7kDa each.VEGF (121 a.a.) is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2μm filtered concentrated solution in PBS, pH 7.4.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The activity was measured in a cell proliferation assay using HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells and was found to be 1-4 ng/ml.

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Introduction
Vascular endothelial growth factor is an important signaling protein involved in both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis.VEGF activity has been mostly studied on cells of the vascular endothelium, although it does have effects on a number of other cell types (e.g. stimulation monocyte/macrophage migration, neurons, cancer cells, kidney epithelial cells ).VEGF mediates increased vascular permeability, induces angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth, promotes cell migration, and inhibits apoptosis. In vitro, VEGF has been shown to stimulate endothelial cell mitogenesis and cell migration. VEGF is also a vasodilator and increases microvascular permeability and was originally referred to as vascular permeability factor.
Elevated levels of VEGF is linked to POEMS syndrome, also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome. Mutations in VEGF have been associated with proliferative and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Synonyms
Vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-A, Vascular permeability factor, VPF, VEGF, MGC70609.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized VEGF (121 a.a.) although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (121 a.a.) should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (121 a.a.) in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
MAPTTEGEQK SHEVIKFMDV YQRSYCRPIE TLVDIFQEYP DEIEYIFKPS CVPLMRCAGC CNDEALECVP TSESNITMQI MRIKPHQSQH IGEMSFLQHS RCECRPKKDR TKPEKCDKPR R.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Resistin Rat Recombinant

Cysteine-rich secreted protein FIZZ3, Adipose tissue-specific secretory factor, ADSF, C/EBP-epsilon-regulated myeloid-specific secreted cysteine-rich protein, Cysteine-rich secreted protein A12-alpha-like 2, RSTN, XCP1, RETN1, MGC126603, MGC126609.

Product # :

CYT-1129

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Shipped at Room temp

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Description

Resistin Rat Recombinant produced in E.Coli is disulfide-linked homodimer consisting of 2x95 amino acid polypeptide chains and having a molecular mass of approximately 20.2kDa.Resistin is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2μm filtered concentrated solution in PBS, pH7.4 and 0.02 % Tween-20.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Resistin, a product of the RSTN gene, is a peptide hormone belongs to the class of cysteine-rich secreted proteins (monomeric peptide contains 11 cysteine residues) referred to as the RELM family, and is also described as ADSF (Adipose Tissue-Specific Secretory Factor) or FIZZ3 (Found in Inflammatory Zone 3). Resistin may be an important link between obesity. Mouse resistin, specifically produced and secreted by adipocyte, acts on skeletal muscle myocytes, hepatocytes and adipocytes themselves so that it reduces their sensitivity. Steppan et al. have suggested that resistin suppressed the ability to stimulate glucose uptake. They have also suggested that resistin was present at elevated levels in blood of obese mice, and was down regulated by fasting and by antidiabetic drugs. Way et al., on the other hand, have found that resistin expression is severely suppressed in obesity.
Other studies have shown that mouse resistin increases during the differentiation of adipocytes, but it also seems to inhibit adipogenesis. In contrast, the human adipogenic differentiation is likely to be associated with a down regulation of resistin gene expression.
Synonyms
Cysteine-rich secreted protein FIZZ3, Adipose tissue-specific secretory factor, ADSF, C/EBP-epsilon-regulated myeloid-specific secreted cysteine-rich protein, Cysteine-rich secreted protein A12-alpha-like 2, RSTN, XCP1, RETN1, MGC126603, MGC126609.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Resistin although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Resistin should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Resistin in sterile PBS not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
MPSMSLCPMD EAISKKINQD FSSLLPAAMK NTVLHCWSVS SRGRLASCPE GTTVTSCSCG SGCGSWDVRE DTMCHCQCGS IDWTAARCCT LRVGS.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Adiponectin Human Recombinant, Trimeric form

Acrp30, AdipoQ, GBP-28, APM-1, ACDC.

Product # :

CYT-233

Price :

Quantity :

Shipping Method :

Shipped at Room temp

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Description

Trimeric form of Adiponectin Human trimeric form was expressed in HEK293 cells. The cysteine 39 was replaced with Alanine (C39A) 9. hAd-C39A can only form a trimer, but not a hexamer or an HMW form.

Source

HEK293 (Human embryonic kidney cell line).

Formulation

Filtered (0.4µm) and lyophilized from 0.5mg/ml in 0.05M phosphate buffer, 0.075M NaCl, pH 7.4.

Purity

Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

ED50= 3-8.5 μg/ml, as determined by its ability to inhibit proliferation of HASMCs induced by HB EGF.

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Introduction
Adiponectin is a hormone exclusively expressed from adipose tissue.
Many studies demonstrate that Adiponectin has direct anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory functions. APM-1 can increase insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle. Attenuate hepatic lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis, regulate NO production in endothelial cells, inhibit proliferation of smooth muscle cells and prevent lipid accumulation of macrophage cells.
In the circulation, Adiponectin is present as three different oligomeric complexes, including the high molecular weight (HMW), the middle molecular weight (MMW, also called hexamer) and low molecular weigh (MMW, also called trimer) forms 8. Different oligomeric complex of Adiponectin activates different signaling pathways and exerts distinct functions.
Synonyms
Acrp30, AdipoQ, GBP-28, APM-1, ACDC.
Physical Appearance
Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Store lyophilized Adiponectin at -20°C. Aliquot the product after reconstitution to avoid repeated freezing/thawing cycles. Reconstituted protein can be stored at 4°C for a limited period of time; it does not show any change after two weeks at 4°C.
Solubility
Add deionized water to a working volume of 0.5mg/ml and let the lyophilized pellet dissolve completely. Product is not sterile! Please filter the product by an appropriate sterile filter before using it in the cell culture.
Amino Acid Sequence
ETTTQGPGVL LPLPKGAATG WMAGIPGHPG HNGAPGRDGR DGTPGEKGEK GDPGLIGPKG DIGETGVPGA EGPRGFPGIQ GRKGEPGEGA YVYRSAFSVG LETYVTIPNM PIRFTKIFYN QQNHYDGSTG KFHCNIPGLY YFAYHIVYMK DVKVSLFKKD KAMLFTYDQY QENNVDQASG SVLLHLEVGD QVWLQVYGEG ERNGLYADND NDSTFTGFLL YHDTNDYKDD DDK.
Background
What is the molecular weight/Mw of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
ADIPONECTIN Protein has a total Mw of 25 kDa.

What is the source or expression system of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
HEK293.

What is the Purity of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
ADIPONECTIN Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
ED50= 3-8.5 μg/ml, as determined by its ability to inhibit proliferation of HASMCs induced by HB EGF.
What is the amino acid sequence of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
ETTTQGPGVL LPLPKGAATG WMAGIPGHPG HNGAPGRDGR DGTPGEKGEK GDPGLIGPKG DIGETGVPGA EGPRGFPGIQ GRKGEPGEGA YVYRSAFSVG LETYVTIPNM PIRFTKIFYN QQNHYDGSTG KFHCNIPGLY YFAYHIVYMK DVKVSLFKKD KAMLFTYDQY QENNVDQASG SVLLHLEVGD QVWLQVYGEG ERNGLYADND NDSTFTGFLL YHDTNDYKDD DDK.

What applications can ADIPONECTIN Protein be used in?
ADIPONECTIN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for ADIPONECTIN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, ADIPONECTIN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Activin A Receptor Type 1 Human Recombinant

ACVR1A, ALK2, ACVR1, ACTRI, ACTR-I, ACVRLK2, FOP, SKR1, TSRI, Activin receptor type I, Activin receptor-like kinase 2, ALK-2, TSR-I, Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R1, TGF-B superfamily receptor type I.

Product # :

CYT-1140

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sds-page

Description

ACVR1 produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 342 amino acids (21-123a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 38.4kDa. ACVR1 is expressed with a 239 amino acid hIgG-His-Tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Sf9, Baculovirus cells.

Formulation

ACVR1 protein solution (0.25mg/ml) contains Phosphate Buffered Saline (pH 7.4) and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

sds-page

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Introduction
Activin A Receptor Type 1 (ACVR1) is a member of TGF-beta serine/threonine kinase receptor family. ACVR1 forms a receptor complex contains2 type II and 2 type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate,bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. ACVR1 takes part in left-right pattern formation during embryogenesis and is also essential in the BMP pathway which is responsible for the development and repair of the skeletal system.ACVR1 is linked to Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva which isknown for the formation of heterotopic bone throughout the body.
Synonyms
ACVR1A, ALK2, ACVR1, ACTRI, ACTR-I, ACVRLK2, FOP, SKR1, TSRI, Activin receptor type I, Activin receptor-like kinase 2, ALK-2, TSR-I, Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R1, TGF-B superfamily receptor type I.
Physical Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks.Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MEDEKPKVNP KLYMCVCEGL SCGNEDHCEG QQCFSSLSIN DGFHVYQKGC FQVYEQGKMT
CKTPPSPGQA VECCQGDWCN RNITAQLPTK GKSFPGTQNF HLELEPKSCD KTHTCPPCPA
PELLGGPSVF LFPPKPKDTL MISRTPEVTC VVVDVSHEDP EVKFNWYVDG VEVHNAKTKP
REEQYNSTYR VVSVLTVLHQ DWLNGKEYKC KVSNKALPAP IEKTISKAKG QPREPQVYTL
PPSRDELTKN QVSLTCLVKG FYPSDIAVEW ESNGQPENNY KTTPPVLDSD GSFFLYSKLT
VDKSRWQQGN VFSCSVMHEA LHNHYTQKSL SLSPGKHHHH HH.
Background
Functional Implications and Therapeutic Prospects of Activin A Receptor Type 1 Human Recombinant
1. Abstract
This study illuminates the functional roles and potential therapeutic applications of Activin A Receptor Type 1 Human Recombinant (ACVR1), a crucial protein in the TGF-beta superfamily signaling pathway. Through a comprehensive review of its structure, signaling mechanism, biological functions, and disease associations, this paper aims to elucidate the current understanding of ACVR1 and its potential therapeutic implications in various disease states.
2. Introduction
The Activin A Receptor Type 1 Human Recombinant, abbreviated as ACVR1, is a receptor protein vital for transmitting cellular signals in the Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily pathway. Known to play pivotal roles in organogenesis, bone growth, and cell differentiation, the ACVR1 and its functions present vast therapeutic potential.
3. Structure and Signaling of ACVR1
ACVR1 is a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptor, characterized by an extracellular ligand-binding domain and an intracellular kinase domain for signal transduction. Binding of ligands such as Activin A leads to the formation of heteromeric complexes with type II receptors, triggering phosphorylation events that activate downstream signaling pathways.
4. Biological Functions of ACVR1
Being a part of the TGF-beta superfamily signaling pathway, ACVR1 is implicated in a broad spectrum of biological processes. It is crucial for embryonic development, cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and homeostasis. It also plays a significant role in bone morphogenesis, contributing to skeletal patterning and growth.
5. ACVR1 in Disease Pathology
The dysregulation of ACVR1 has been associated with various pathological conditions, including Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP), a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive ossification of soft tissues. Mutations in ACVR1 lead to enhanced BMP signaling, causing aberrant bone formation. This highlights the critical role of ACVR1 in skeletal homeostasis and disease.
6. Therapeutic Potential of ACVR1
Given the central role of ACVR1 in cellular signaling and its association with disease, it presents a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Strategies to modulate ACVR1 signaling could potentially ameliorate symptoms of diseases like FOP, offering promising avenues for novel therapeutic approaches.
7. Conclusion and Future Perspectives
While our understanding of ACVR1's functional roles has expanded significantly over the years, much remains to be elucidated. Further research into the precise molecular mechanisms of ACVR1 and its pathway will pave the way for therapeutic advances, enhancing our capability to combat various diseases.
What is the molecular weight / Mw of ACVR1 Protein?
ACVR1 Protein has a total Mw of 38.4kDa.

What is the source or expression system of ACVR1 Protein?
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.

What is the Purity of ACVR1 Protein?
ACVR1 Protein is >90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of ACVR1 Protein?
The biological functionality of ACVR1 Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the endotoxin level for ACVR1 Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, ACVR1 Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the amino acid sequence of ACVR1 Protein?
MEDEKPKVNP KLYMCVCEGL SCGNEDHCEG QQCFSSLSIN DGFHVYQKGC FQVYEQGKMT
CKTPPSPGQA VECCQGDWCN RNITAQLPTK GKSFPGTQNF HLELEPKSCD KTHTCPPCPA
PELLGGPSVF LFPPKPKDTL MISRTPEVTC VVVDVSHEDP EVKFNWYVDG VEVHNAKTKP
REEQYNSTYR VVSVLTVLHQ DWLNGKEYKC KVSNKALPAP IEKTISKAKG QPREPQVYTL
PPSRDELTKN QVSLTCLVKG FYPSDIAVEW ESNGQPENNY KTTPPVLDSD GSFFLYSKLT
VDKSRWQQGN VFSCSVMHEA LHNHYTQKSL SLSPGKHHHH HH.

What applications can ACVR1 Protein be used in?
ACVR1 Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Pramlintide

Product # :

HOR-300

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Description

Pramlintide Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 37 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 3949.4 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C171H267N51O53S2.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized with no additives.

Purity

Greater than 98.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Pramlintide acetate is a hormone that is released into the bloodstream, in a similar pattern as insulin. Pramlintide aids in the absorption of glucose by slowing gastric emptying, promoting satiety, and inhibiting inappropriate secretion of glucagon, a catabolic hormone that opposes the effects of insulin.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Pramlintide although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Pramlintide should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Pramlintide in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100 µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions. The Pramlintide is also soluble in 1% Acetic Acid.
Amino Acid Sequence
KCNTATCATNRLANFLVHSSNNFGPILPPTNVGSNTY-NH2.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Actin Rabbit

Product # :

PRO-517

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Description

Ultra pure Actin consists in the alpha-skeletal muscle isoform and is purified from rabbit striated muscle.The purification method used (according to Spudich & Watts) results in a highly purified protein having a Molecular mass of 43,000 dalton.

Source

Rabbit Muscle.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized from a 1mg/ml solution containing 10mM Tris/HCl buffer pH 8.0, 0.2mM CaCl2, 0.2mM ATP, 1mM DTT and 0.5% (w/v) SDS.

Purity

Greater than 98.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Actin is a muscle protein localized in the I band of the myofibrils; acting along with myosin, it is responsible for contraction and relaxation of muscle. Each actin protomer binds one molecule of ATP and has one high affinity site for either calcium or magnesium ions, as well as several low affinity sites. Actin exists as a monomer in low salt concentrations, but filaments form rapidly as salt concentration rises, with the consequent hydrolysis of ATP. It occurs in globular (G-actin) and fibrous (F-actin) forms. Actin is found in all eukaryotic cells (except for nematode sperm). Actin is one of the most highly-conserved proteins, differing by no more than 20% in species as diverse as algae and humans. Its other functions include cell motility, cell division and cytokinesis, vesicle and organelle movement, cell signaling, and the establishment and maintenance of cell junctions and cell shape.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Store the Lyophilized Actin between 2-8°C, do not freeze. Upon reconstitution Actin should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Actin in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 1mg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Actinin Alpha 1 Human Recombinant

ACTN1, Actinin, Alpha 1, Alpha-Actinin Cytoskeletal Isoform, F-Actin Cross-Linking Protein, Non-Muscle Alpha-Actinin-1, BDPLT15, Actinin 1 Smooth Muscle, Alpha-Actinin-1.

Product # :

PRO-2227

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Description

ACTN1 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 274 amino acids (1-249 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 31.4kDa. ACTN1 is fused to a 25 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

ACTN1 protein solution (1mg/ml) containing Phosphate Buffered Saline (pH7.4) and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
ACTN1 encodes a nonmuscle, cytoskeletal, alpha actinin isoform and maps to the same site as the structurally similar erythroid beta spectrin gene. Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophins. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In nonmuscle cells, the cytoskeletal isoform is found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments.
Synonyms
ACTN1, Actinin, Alpha 1, Alpha-Actinin Cytoskeletal Isoform, F-Actin Cross-Linking Protein, Non-Muscle Alpha-Actinin-1, BDPLT15, Actinin 1 Smooth Muscle, Alpha-Actinin-1.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSEFMDHYD SQQTNDYMQP EEDWDRDLLL DPAWEKQQRK TFTAWCNSHL RKAGTQIENI EEDFRDGLKL MLLLEVISGE RLAKPERGKM RVHKISNVNK ALDFIASKGV KLVSIGAEEI VDGNVKMTLG MIWTIILRFA IQDISVEETS AKEGLLLWCQ RKTAPYKNVN IQNFHISWKD GLGFCALIHR HRPELIDYGK LRKDDPLTNL NTAFDVAEKY LDIPKMLDAE DIVGTARPDE KAIMTYVSSF YHAF.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Rat Recombinant

Vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-A, Vascular permeability factor, VPF, VEGF, MGC70609.

Product # :

CYT-392

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Description

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Rat Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a double, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 165 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 38,750 Dalton. The VEGF is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized from 10mM NaP, pH 7.5.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Determined by the dose-dependent stimulation of the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) using a concentration range of 4.0-8.0 ng/ml.

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Introduction
Vascular endothelial growth factor is an important signaling protein involved in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. As its name implies, VEGF activity has been mostly studied on cells of the vascular endothelium, although it does have effects on a number of other cell types (e.g. stimulation monocyte/ macrophagemigration, neurons, cancer cells, kidney epithelial cells ).VEGF mediates increased vascular permeability, induces angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth, promotes cell migration, and inhibits apoptosis. In vitro, VEGF has been shown to stimulate endothelial cell mitogenesisand cell migration. VEGF is also a vasodilator and increases microvascular permeability and was originally referred to as vascular permeability factor.
Elevated levels of this protein are linked to POEMS syndrome, also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome. Mutations in this gene have been associated with proliferative and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Synonyms
Vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-A, Vascular permeability factor, VPF, VEGF, MGC70609.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution VEGF should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
MAPTTEGEQK AHEVVKFMDV YQRSYCRPIE TLVDIFQEYP DEIEYIFKPS CVPLMRCAGC CNDEALECVP TSESNVTMQI MRIKPHQSQH IGEMSFLQHS RCECRPKKDR TKPEKHCEPC SERRKHLFVQ DPQTCKCSCK NTDSRCKARQ LELNERTCRC DKPRR.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Cytokeratin-18 Bovine

Keratin type I cytoskeletal 18, Cytokeratin-18, CK-18, Keratin-18, K18, KRT18,CYK18,Cell proliferation-inducing gene 46 protein.

Product # :

PRO-2785

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Description

KRT18 Bovine having a calculated molecular mass of 45 kDa, pI-5.4.

Source

Bovine liver.

Formulation

KRT18 was lyophilized from a 1mg/ml solution containing 30mM Tris/HCI pH 8, 9M urea, 2mM EDTA, 2mM DTT and 10mM methylammonium chloride.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Synonyms
Keratin type I cytoskeletal 18, Cytokeratin-18, CK-18, Keratin-18, K18, KRT18,CYK18,Cell proliferation-inducing gene 46 protein.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Store the lyophilized KRT18 between 2-8°C, do not freeze. Upon reconstitution KRT18 should be stored at -20°C.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized KRT18 in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Background
Keratin-18 (K18) is an intermediate filament protein that plays a vital role in maintaining the structural integrity of epithelial cells. Extensive research has been conducted on K18 in human and murine models, shedding light on its functions and implications for various epithelial tissues.
However, the study of K18 in bovine tissues is an emerging area with potential for advancing our understanding of epithelial cell biology and its applications in veterinary medicine and biotechnology. Bovine tissues, such as the liver and gastrointestinal tract, are of particular interest due to their relevance in cattle production and food safety.
This research aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of K18 in bovine tissues, elucidating its functions, structural significance, and potential applications.
The primary objective of this research is to elucidate the role of K18 in bovine tissues, particularly in maintaining the structural integrity of epithelial cells.
In vitro and ex vivo experiments, utilizing bovine epithelial cell cultures and tissue specimens, will be conducted to investigate how K18 contributes to cellular morphology, cytoskeletal organization, and tissue resilience. Understanding these mechanisms is fundamental for deciphering the complexities of epithelial cell biology in bovine species.
The second objective is to assess the relevance of bovine K18 in veterinary medicine and cattle production. Studies involving bovine models will be conducted to evaluate the impact of K18 mutations or variations on tissue health, disease susceptibility, and meat quality. These investigations may provide valuable insights into potential applications in cattle breeding and food safety.

The third objective is to explore the potential biotechnological applications of bovine K18. Research will investigate the use of K18-expressing bovine cells as models for studying epithelial-related diseases and for developing tissue engineering approaches for veterinary medicine and biotechnology.
By delving into the functions and roles of K18 in bovine tissues, this research aims to expand our knowledge of epithelial cell biology, its implications for veterinary medicine, and its potential applications in biotechnology and cattle production.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Desmin Human Recombinant

Desmin, DES, CSM1, CSM2, CMD1I, FLJ12025, FLJ39719, FLJ41013, FLJ41793.

Product # :

PRO-520

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Description

Desmin Human Recombinant having a calculated molecular mass of 53,539 Dalton, showing a 55kDa band on SDS-page, pI-5.16.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Desmin was lyophilized from a 1mg/ml solution containing 30mM Tris-HCl pH 8, 9.5M urea, 2mM DTT, 2mM EDTA and 10mM methylammonium chloride.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Desmin is a muscle-specific class III intermediate filament. Homopolymers of this protein form a stable intracytoplasmic filamentous network connecting myofibrils to each other and to the plasma membrane. Mutations in this gene are associated with desmin-related myopathy, a familial cardiac and skeletal myopathy (CSM), and with distal myopathies.
Synonyms
Desmin, DES, CSM1, CSM2, CMD1I, FLJ12025, FLJ39719, FLJ41013, FLJ41793.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Store the lyophilized Desmin between 2-8°C, do not freeze. Upon reconstitution Desmin should be stored at -20°C. Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Desmin in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Reconstitution to filaments
After Desmin is dissolved in 9.5M urea buffer (see formulation), protofilaments and filament complexes are obtained by dialyzing the resulting polypeptide solution stepwise to a concentration of 4M urea and then to low salt condition (50mM NaCl, 2mM dithiothreitol, 10mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4). For immunization purposes, the solution can be further dialyzed against PBS (phosphate buffered saline, e.g. Dulbecco's PBS).

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Related Protein Rat Recombinant

VEGF-C, Vascular endothelial growth factor C, VRP, Flt4 ligand, Flt4-L.

Product # :

CYT-262

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Description

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C Rat Recombinant contains 127 amino acids residues and was fused to a His- tag (6x His) at the C-terminal end. As a result of glycosylation VEGF-C migrates as an 15-20 kDa protein in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.

Source

Sf9, Insect Cells.

Formulation

Each mg of VEGF-C Rat contains 50mg BSA and PBS as buffer.

Purity

Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Measured by its ability to stimulate phosphorylation of the VEGFR-3/FLT-4 receptor in porcine aortic endothelial cells. The ED50 for this effect is typically 200-300ng/ml corresponding to a Specific Activity of 3,334-5,000IU/mg.

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Introduction
VEGF-C, also known as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Related Protein (VRP), is a recently discovered VEGF growth factor family member that is most closely related to VEGF-D. The rat VEGFC cDNA encodes a pre-pro-protein of 416 amino acids residues.
It is almost identical to the mouse VEGF-C protein. Similar to VEGF-D, VEGF-C has a VEGF homology domain spanning the middle third of the precursor molecule and long N- and C-terminal extensions. In adults, VEGF-C is highly expressed in heart, placenta, ovary and small intestine. Recombinant rat VEGF-C, lacking the N- and C-terminal extensions and containing only the middle VEGF homology domain, forms primarily non-covalently linked dimers. This protein is a ligand for both VEGFR-2/KDR and VEGFR-3/FLT -4. Since VEGFR-3 is strongly expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells, it has been postulated that VEGF-C is involved in the regulation of the growth and/or differentiation of lymphatic endothelium. Although recombinant rat VEGF-C is also a mitogen for vascular endothelial cells, it is much less potent than VEGF-A.
Synonyms
VEGF-C, Vascular endothelial growth factor C, VRP, Flt4 ligand, Flt4-L.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution VEGF-C should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
DTVKLAAAHYNTEILKSIDNEWRKTQCMPREVCIDVGKEFGAATNTFFKP PCVSVYRCGGCCNSEGLQCMNTSTGYLSKTLFEITVPLSQGPKPVTISFA NHTSCRCMSKLDVYRQVHSIIHHHHHH.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Tripartite Motif Containing 21 (RO52) Human Recombinant, Biotinylated

52 kDa Ro protein, Sjoegren syndrome type A antigen, SS-A, Ro(SS-A), 52 kDa ribonucleoprotein autoantigen Ro/SS-A, Tripartite motif-containing protein 21, RING finger protein 81, TRIM21, RNF81, RO52, SSA1, SSA, RO-52.

Product # :

PRO-2559

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Description

TRIM21 Human Recombinant, Biotin produced in SF9 is a glycosylated, polypeptide chain having a calculated molecular mass of 52kDa. TRIM21 is expressed with a -6x His tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Sf9 insect cells.

Formulation

TRIM21 solution is supplied in 20mM HEPES pH-7.6, 0.01mM EDTA and 0.02% SDS.

Purity

Greater than 80% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
TRIM21 is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The 52 kDa Ro protein is part of the RoSSA ribonucleoprotein, which includes a single polypeptide and one of four small RNA molecules. The RoSSA particle localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Ro/SSA interacts with autoantigens in patients with Sjogren syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Ribonucleoprotein particle is composed of a single polypeptide and one of four small RNA molecules. The RoSSA is present in all mammalian cells studied but has no known function. At least 2 isoforms are present in nucleated and red blood cells, and tissue specific differences in Ro/SSA proteins were identified.
Synonyms
52 kDa Ro protein, Sjoegren syndrome type A antigen, SS-A, Ro(SS-A), 52 kDa ribonucleoprotein autoantigen Ro/SS-A, Tripartite motif-containing protein 21, RING finger protein 81, TRIM21, RNF81, RO52, SSA1, SSA, RO-52.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered clear solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Immunological Functions
1. Binds IgG type human auto antibodies.2. Functional Streptavidin based ELISA test (analysis of positive/negative samples.)

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Endocrine Gland Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Human Recombinant

PK1, PRK1, Prokineticin 1, EG-VEGF.

Product # :

CYT-338

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Description

EG-VEGF Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 86 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 9.7kDa. The EG-VEGF is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized from a concentrated (1mg/ml) solution containing 0.1% Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA).

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The activity as determined by the dose-dependent proliferation of MIA PaCa-2 cells is typically 1-4 μg/ml.

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Introduction
Endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) induces proliferation, migration, and fenestration in capillary endothelial cells derived from endocrine glands. Its expression is induced by hypoxia and is restricted to the steroidogenic glands (ovary, testis, adrenal, and placenta). Its expression is often complementary to the expression of VEGF (MIM 192240), suggesting that these molecules function in a coordinated manner. EG-VEGF potently contracts gastrointestinal (gi) smooth muscle. Induces proliferation, migration and fenestration (the formation of membrane discontinuities) in capillary endothelial cells derived from endocrine glands. Has little or no effect on a variety of other endothelial and non-endothelial cell types.
Synonyms
PK1, PRK1, Prokineticin 1, EG-VEGF.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized EG-VEGF Human Recombinant although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution EG-VEGF should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Endocrine Gland Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
AVITGACERD VQCGAGTCCA ISLWLRGLRM CTPLGREGEE CHPGSHKVPF FRKRKHHTCP CLPNLLCSRF PDGRYRCSMD LKNINF.
Background
Title: Endocrine Gland Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Human Recombinant: Insights into its Role in Endocrine Disorders and Therapeutic Applications
Abstract:

Endocrine Gland Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF) is a unique angiogenic factor that plays a crucial role in the development and function of endocrine glands. This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of human recombinant EG-VEGF, focusing on its production, characterization, and potential applications in endocrine disorders. The paper highlights the significance of EG-VEGF in endocrine gland angiogenesis and explores its role in the pathogenesis of endocrine-related diseases. Furthermore, it discusses ongoing research and clinical trials investigating the therapeutic potential of recombinant EG-VEGF in endocrine disorders and related conditions. The information presented in this paper aims to enhance our understanding of human recombinant EG-VEGF and its utility as a research tool and a potential therapeutic agent.
Introduction:

Endocrine Gland Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF) is a growth factor specifically expressed in endocrine tissues. Human recombinant EG-VEGF, produced through genetic engineering techniques, offers a valuable tool for studying its angiogenic properties and exploring its potential therapeutic applications in endocrine disorders.
Production and Characterization:

Recombinant EG-VEGF is typically generated using mammalian cell expression systems. The protein is then purified and characterized to ensure its structural integrity and functional activity. Rigorous quality control measures are implemented to confirm the specificity and potency of the recombinant EG-VEGF.
Role in Endocrine Disorders:

EG-VEGF is involved in the regulation of endocrine gland angiogenesis, which is critical for their development, hormone secretion, and overall function. Dysregulation of EG-VEGF signaling has been implicated in various endocrine disorders, including preeclampsia, gestational trophoblastic diseases, and adrenal disorders. Recombinant EG-VEGF serves as a valuable tool for investigating the mechanisms underlying EG-VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and its potential implications in endocrine-related diseases.
Therapeutic Implications:

Manipulation of angiogenesis holds promise as a therapeutic approach in various endocrine disorders. Recombinant EG-VEGF offers potential therapeutic applications in promoting neovascularization and restoring endocrine gland function. Ongoing research and clinical trials are investigating the therapeutic potential of recombinant EG-VEGF in conditions such as hypopituitarism, ovarian disorders, and other endocrine-related pathologies.
Conclusion:

Human recombinant EG-VEGF represents a valuable research tool and a potential therapeutic agent. Its production, characterization, and applications in endocrine disorders contribute to our understanding of endocrine gland angiogenesis and the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Continued research and clinical trials exploring the therapeutic potential of recombinant EG-VEGF offer promising avenues for improving outcomes in endocrine disorders and related conditions.
What is the molecular weight/Mw of EG-VEGF Protein?
EG-VEGF Protein has a total Mw of 9.7kDa.

What is the source or expression system of EG-VEGF Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of EG-VEGF Protein?
EG-VEGF Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of EG-VEGF Protein?
The activity as determined by the dose-dependent proliferation of MIA PaCa-2 cells is typically 1-4 μg/ml.

What is the amino acid sequence of EG-VEGF Protein?
AVITGACERD VQCGAGTCCA ISLWLRGLRM CTPLGREGEE CHPGSHKVPF FRKRKHHTCP CLPNLLCSRF PDGRYRCSMD LKNINF.

What applications can EG-VEGF Protein be used in?
EG-VEGF Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for EG-VEGF Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, EG-VEGF Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Leptin Ovine Recombinant

OB Protein, Obesity Protein, OBS, Obesity factor.

Product # :

CYT-239

Price :

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Description

Leptin Ovine Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 146 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 16 kDa.The Leptin is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized from a concentrated (1mg/ml) solution with 0.0045mM NaHCO3.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by SEC-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Biological active as evidenced by inducing proliferation of BAF/3 cells stably transfected with the long form of human leptin receptor.

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Introduction
A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from white adipocytes and implicated in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Leptin provides the key afferent signal from fat cells in the feedback system that controls body fat stores.
Synonyms
OB Protein, Obesity Protein, OBS, Obesity factor.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Leptin although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Leptin should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Leptin in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
The sequence of the first five N-terminal amino acids was determined and was found to be Ala-Val-Pro-Ile-Arg.
Protein content
Protein quantitation was carried out by two independent methods1. UV spectroscopy at 280 nm using the absorbency value of 0.2 as the extinction coefficient for a 0.1% (1mg/ml) solution. This value is calculated by the PC GENE computer analysis program of protein sequences (IntelliGenetics). 2. Analysis by RP-HPLC,using calibrated solution of Leptin Ovine as a Reference Standard.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Lymphotactin (XCL1) Rat Recombinant

XCL1, Cytokine SCM-1, ATAC, Lymphotaxin, SCM-1-alpha, Small inducible cytokine C1, XC chemokine ligand 1, LTN, LPTN, SCM1, SCM-1, SCYC1, SCM-1a.

Product # :

CHM-038

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Shipped at Room temp

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Description

Lymphotactin (XCL1) Rat Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 93 amino acids and having a molecular mass of approximately 10.0kDa.Lymphotactin is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2μm filtered concentrated solution in PBS, pH 7.4.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED50 as determined by a chemotaxis bioassay using human XCR1 transfected murine BaF3 cells < 100 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 1.0 × 10⁴ IU/mg.

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Introduction
XCL1 is a small cytokine belongs to the XC chemokine family that is also known as lymphotactin. XCL1 is found in high levels in spleen, thymus, intestine and peripheral blood leukocytes, and at lower levels in lung, prostate gland and ovary. Cellular sources for XCL1 include activated thymic and peripheral blood CD8+ T cells. This chemokine attracts T cells. In humans, XCL1 is closely related to XCL2, whose gene is found at the same locus on chromosome 1. XCL1 induces it chemotactic function by binding to a chemokine receptor called XCR1.
Synonyms
XCL1, Cytokine SCM-1, ATAC, Lymphotaxin, SCM-1-alpha, Small inducible cytokine C1, XC chemokine ligand 1, LTN, LPTN, SCM1, SCM-1, SCYC1, SCM-1a.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized XCL1 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Lymphotactin should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Lymphotactin in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
VGTEVLQESI CVSLRTQRLP VQKIKTYTIK EGAMRAVIFV TKRGLRICAD PQAKWVKTAI KTVDGRASAS KSKAETIPTQ AQRSASTAVT LTG.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Activin-B Human Recombinant, Active

Inhibin beta B (activin AB beta polypeptide), Inhibin, beta-2, Activin beta-B chain, MGC157939.

Product # :

CYT-057

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Description

Activin B human Recombinant produced in Nicotiana benthamiana plant is a beta-B single chain (aa 293-406) containing 123 amino acids (molecular formula C615H910N178O177S12). Activin B is fused to a 10-His-tag at the N-terminal having the total molecular mass of 14kDa and purified by standard chromatographic techniques.

Source

Nicotiana benthamiana plant

Formulation

Lyophilized from 1mg/ml solution in 0.05M Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.4.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The biological activity of Activin B is measured by its ability to inhibit mouse plasmacytoma cell line (MPC-11) cells proliferation. EC50 <5ng/ml is required to stimulate a half-maximal response at cytokine saturation. Note: Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.

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Synonyms
Inhibin beta B (activin AB beta polypeptide), Inhibin, beta-2, Activin beta-B chain, MGC157939.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Activin B although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Activin B should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Activin B in sterile 18M-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
HHHHHHHHHH GLECDGRTNL CCRQQFFIDF RLIGWNDWII APTGYYGNYC EGSCPAYLAG VPGSASSFHT AVVNQYRMRG LNPGTVNSCC IPTKLSTMSM LYFDDEYNIV KRDVPNMIVE ECG.
Background
An Investigation into the Functional Roles and Therapeutic Potential of Activin-B Human Recombinant, Active
1. Abstract
Activin-B Human Recombinant, Active, also referred to as beta-2, Activin beta-B chain, or MGC157939, is a crucial component of the Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily. The multifaceted nature of this protein implicates it in numerous physiological processes. This paper delves into the bioactivity of Activin-B, exploring its role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and its potential for therapeutic applications, especially in the realms of regenerative medicine, reproductive health, and cancer therapy.
2. Introduction
The TGF-beta superfamily, of which Activin-B is a member, is renowned for its far-reaching implications in cell and developmental biology. This superfamily boasts members that control cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, thus playing vital roles in organogenesis, bone growth, and reproductive functions. This research paper aims to shed light on the characteristics and potential therapeutic applications of Activin-B.
3. Structure and Synthesis of Activin-B
Activin-B is a dimeric protein, composed of two identical beta-B chains. This homodimer undergoes multiple stages of synthesis, starting as a precursor protein, which then experiences proteolytic processing to eventually form the mature peptide. It is this coordinated activity of various enzymes and molecular chaperones that ensure the accurate biosynthesis of Activin-B.
4. Biological Functions of Activin-B
Activin-B's roles extend from embryogenesis and organogenesis to the modulation of reproductive functions. Its influence over cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis has significant repercussions in physiological and pathological scenarios. Its regulatory functions also encompass immunomodulation and wound healing, underpinning its extensive biological reach.
5. Activin-B in Regenerative Medicine
Regenerative medicine's primary focus is the repair and regeneration of tissues, and it is here that the potential of Activin-B shines. The protein's capacity to regulate cellular processes positions it as a possible agent in tissue repair, making it an intriguing research topic for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine.
6. Activin-B and Reproductive Health
Activin-B’s role in reproductive health is undeniable, having been implicated in follicular development, ovulation, and pregnancy maintenance. Its potent influence on reproductive functions indicates the possibility of its use in the treatment of reproductive disorders, providing a potential pathway for further therapeutic development.
7. Activin-B in Cancer
Recent research has connected the deregulation of Activin-B to various types of cancer. Deciphering the mechanisms through which Activin-B affects cancer cell proliferation and survival could open up new avenues for targeted cancer therapy. This critical linkage emphasizes the need for comprehensive studies on Activin-B's role in oncogenesis.
8. Conclusion and Future Perspectives
Our understanding of Activin-B's biological functions has grown immensely, but many mysteries remain. The continued exploration of the molecular mechanisms through which Activin-B operates will undoubtedly yield more insights into its potential therapeutic uses, guiding the development of new treatments for a myriad of diseases.
What is the molecular weight / Mw of Activin B Protein?
Activin A Protein has a total Mw of 14 kDa.
What is the source or expression system of Activin B Protein?
Nicotinia

What is the Purity of Activin B Protein?
Activin B Protein is >97% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of Activin B Protein?
The biological activity of Activin B is measured by its ability to inhibit mouse plasmacytoma cell line (MPC-11) cells proliferation. EC50 <5ng/ml is required to stimulate a half-maximal response at cytokine saturation. Note: Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.

What is the endotoxin level for Activin B Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, ACTIVIN B Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the amino acid sequence of ACTIVIN B Protein?
HHHHHHHHHH GLECDGRTNL CCRQQFFIDF RLIGWNDWII APTGYYGNYC EGSCPAYLAG VPGSASSFHT AVVNQYRMRG LNPGTVNSCC IPTKLSTMSM LYFDDEYNIV KRDVPNMIVE ECG

What applications can ACTIVIN B Protein be used in?
ACTIVIN A Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D Human Recombinant

c-fos induced growth factor (vascular endothelial growth factor D), FIGF, VEGFD.

Product # :

CYT-045

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Description

VEGFD Human Recombinant produced in HEK-293 cells is a secreted protein (amino acids Phe93-Ser201) fused to a polyhistidine tag at the C-terminus.

Source

HEK293.

Formulation

The recombinant VEGF-D was lyophilized after extensive dialysis against PBS.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED50 of 3-4ng/ml is measured by its ability to stimulate the proliferation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs).

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Introduction
VEGF-D belongs to the VEGF/PDGF family of proteins. VEGF-D promotes lymphangiogesis, endothelial cell growth, and regulates vascular permeability. In addition, VEGF-D has an important part in the creation of the venous and lymphatic vascular systems and in the growth and maintenance of differentiated lymphatic endothelium Mature VEGF-D forms a noncovalently linked homodimer, and binds to and activate both VEGFR-2 (flk1) and VEGFR-3 (flt4).
Synonyms
c-fos induced growth factor (vascular endothelial growth factor D), FIGF, VEGFD.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized VEGF-D although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution VEGF-D should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D in sterile 18M-cm H2O not less than 100 µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

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