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SH2D1A acts as an inhibitor of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) self-association. The SH2D1A protein is expressed at a high level in the thymus and the lung, with a lower level of expression in the spleen and the liver. The SH2D1A protein contains an SH2 domain and a short tail. SH2D1A has a key role in the bidirectional stimulation of T and B cells. Defects in the SH2D1A gene cause the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLPD), aka Duncan disease. The XLPD is distinguished by a rare congenital immunodeficiency following an EBV infection (Epstein-Barr virus).

SH2 domain-containing protein 1B, also known as SH2D1B activates NK cells. SH2D1B participates in controlling signal transduction through at least 4 receptors, CD84, SLAMF1, LY9 and CD244, expressed on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells. Two isoforms of the human SH2D1B are produced by alternative splicing. Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome is one of the diseases which is associated with SH2D1B.

Josephin-1 (JOSD1) has minimal protease activity towards poly-ubiquitin chains (in vitro). JOSD1 functions as a deubiquitinating enzyme. Ubiquitin-binding sites in the Josephin domain are a factor in ubiquitin chain binding and cleavage.

Enoyl CoA hydratase domain containing 1 (ECHDC1) is a member of the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family. ECHDC1 is an enzyme which hydrates the double bond between the second and third carbons on acyl-CoA. The ECHDC1 enzyme is crucial to metabolizing fatty acids to supply both acetyl CoA and energy.

Penta-EF-hand domain containing 1 (PEF1) is a member of the penta-EF-hand protein family, which shares similarities to the apoptosis linked gene ALG-2. PEF1 forms heterodimers with PDCD6/ALG2 and dissociates from PDCD6/ALG2 in the presence of Ca (2+). Furthermore, PEF1 proteins bind calcium and participate in a various calcium-dependent processes in vertebrates.

ANKRD1 takes part in endothelial cell activation and performs as a nuclear transcription factor which negatively controls the expression of cardiac genes.

Queuine TRNA-Ribosyltransferase Domain Containing 1, also known as QTRTD1 act together with QTRT1 to form an active queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase. QTRTD1 exchanges queuine for the guanine at the wobble position of tRNAs along with GUN anticodons (tRNA-Asp,-Asn,-His and -Tyr), in that way forming the hypermodified nucleoside queuosine.

Caspase Recruitment Domain Family, Member 17 (CARD17) is a regulator of procaspase-1/CASP1 activation involved in the regulation of the proteolytic maturation of pro-IL-1beta/IL1B and its release throughout inflammation. CARD17 inhibits the release of IL1B in reaction to LPS in monocytes. Though, unlike CASP1, CARD17 do not induce NF-kappa-B activation.

Haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain-containing protein 3 (HDHD3) is a member of the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. This family of hydrolase enzymes includes L-2-haloacid dehalogenase, epoxide hydrolases and phosphatases.

NudC Domain Containing 2 also known as NUDCD2 contains 1 CS domain and interacts with LIS1. NUDCD2 regulates the LIS1/dynein pathway by stabilizing LIS1 with Hsp90 chaperone.

YOD1 is a Hydrolase which removes conjugated ubiquitin from proteins and takes part in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) for misfolded lumenal proteins. YOD1 is a highly conserved deubiquitinating enzyme belonging to the ovarian tumor (otubain) family, whose function has yet to be determined in mammalian cells. YOD1 is a component of a multiprotein complex with p97 as its nucleus, proposing a functional link to a pathway responsible for the dislocation of misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. YOD1 variant xpression deprived of its deubiquitinating activity compels a halt on the dislocation reaction, as concluded by the stabilization of various dislocation substrates.

Toll-interleukin1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) contains 1 TIR domain. TIRAP is an adapter molecule linked with toll-like receptors. TIRAP is required in TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways in the innate immune response. TIRAP activates NF-kappa-B, MAPK1, MAPK3 and JNK, which subsequently results in cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. TIRAP is highly expressed in the liver, kidney, spleen, skeletal muscle and heart. TIRAP is also found in peripheral blood leukocytes, lung, placenta, small intestine, thymus, colon and brain.

THAP3 is an element of a THAP1/THAP3-HCFC1-OGT complex which is essential for the regulation of the transcriptional activity of RRM1. THAP3 is vastly produced in placenta, skeletal muscle and heart.

Zinc Binding Alcohol Dehydrogenase Domain Containing 2, also known as ZADH2, is a protein coding gene which is a part of the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.

SERTA domain containing 2 (SERTAD2) takes part at E2F-responsive promoters to integrate signals which are given by PHD- and bromodomain-containing transcription factors. The SERTAD2 protein is taking part in modulating fat storage by down-regulating the expression of key genes which take part in thermogenesis, adipocyte lipolysis and oxidative metabolism.

SH3-domain GRB2-like 2 (SH3GL2) is a member of the endophilin family. SH3GL2 contains a BAR domain and a SH3 domain. Members of the BAR domain protein superfamily are crucial elements of cellular traffic. Endophilins have a major function in synaptic vesicle endocytosis (SVE), receptor trafficking and apoptosis, and in other processes which require remodeling of the membrane structure. SH3GL2 is a novel tumor suppressor gene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), which induces apoptosis of tumor cells by regulating intra-cellular signal transduction networks. SH3GL2 is implicated in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. SH3GL2 is found in the brain, mainly in frontal cortex, and at high level in the fetal cerebellum.

C-Type Lectin Domain Family 10, Member A (CLEC10A) is a part of the C-type lectin superfamily. CLEC10A is expressed in immature myeloid dendritic cells and alternatively activated macrophages. CLEC10A takes part in regulating adaptive and innate immune responses and also binds in a calcium dependent way to terminal galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine, linked to serine or threonine.

KCTD4 also known as Potassium Channel Tetramerisation Domain Containing 4 has an N-terminal homodimerization domain which contains multiple copies of kelch repeats and C2H2-type zinc fingers. Proteins which include BTB domains are consider being involved in transcriptional regulation through control of chromatin structure and function. In addition, KCTD4 is a 259 amino acid protein which contains one BTB domain, a possible role as a transcriptional regulator may be suggested.

Sprouty-Related EVH1 Domain Containing 1, also known as SPRED1, is a part of the Sprouty family of proteins and is phosphorylated by tyrosine kinase. SPRED1 inhibits growth-factor-mediated activation of MAP kinase. SPRED1 plays a role as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with SPRED2 to regulate activation of the MAP kinase cascade. SPRED1 is a negative regulator of hematopoiesis of bone marrow.

SERTA domain-containing protein (SERTAD1) functions with E2F-responsive promoters to integrate signals provided by PHD- and/or bromodomain-containing transcription factors. SERTAD1 stimulates E2F-1/DP-1 transcriptional activity. SERTAD1 reduces the activity of cyclin D1/CDK4 resistant to the inhibitory effects of p16(INK4a). In addition, SERTAD1 interacts with the PHD-bromodomain of TIF1, TRIM28/TIF1B and p300/CBP. Furthermore, SERTAD1 binds to DP1 and interacts with CDK4.

Cold shock domain-containing protein C2 (CSDC2) is RNA-binding factor that binds specifically to the very 3'-UTR ends of both histone H1 and H3. 3 mRNAs encompass the polyadenylation signal. The CSDPs (cold shock domain containing proteins) are one group of the evolutionarily conserved nucleic acid-binding proteins extensively distributed in bacteria, plants, animals, and involved in a variety of cellular processes, including adaptation to low temperature, cellular growth, nutrient stress and stationary phase. CSDC2 has a central role in the negative regulation of histone variant synthesis in the developing brain.

Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 23, also known as CCDC23 is a 66 amino acid protein which is encoded by a gene mapping tohuman chromosome 1. Chromosome 1 is the biggest human chromosome spanning approximately 260 million base pairsand making up 8% of the human genome. In addition, there are about 3,000 genes on chromosome 1, and taking into account thehuge number of genes there are also a big number of diseases connected with chromosome 1. One of the diseasesthat have been associated with CCDC23 is endotheliitis.

Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the family Flaviviridae and the genus Flavivirus, it is transmitted by daytime-active Aedes mosquitoes, such as A. aegypti and A. albopictus. The Zika virus is related to the dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile viruses. Much like the other flaviviruses, Zika virus is enveloped and icosahedral and has a nonsegmented, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome. Zika fever is an infection, which often causes no symptoms or only mild ones, like a mild form of dengue fever, and it is treated by rest. As of February 2016, there has been mounting evidence that Zika fever in pregnant women can cause abnormal brain development in their fetuses by mother-to-child transmission, which may result in miscarriage or microcephaly, however it is not yet known whether Zika virus causes microcephaly. Furthermore, a connection has been established with neurologic conditions in infected adults, including Guillain–Barre syndrome.

THAP domain-containing protein 1 (THAP1) is a 213 amino acid protein which is restricted to the nucleoplasm and contains one THAPtype zinc finger, a conserved DNA-binding domain. THAP1 is a DNA-binding transcription regulator which regulates endothelial cell proliferation and G1/S cell-cycle progression. In addition, THAP1 has a pro-apoptopic activity by potentiating both serum-withdrawal and TNF-induced apoptosis. THAP1 protein colocalizes with the apoptosis response protein PAWR/PAR-4 in promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies, and serves as a proapoptotic factor which connects PAWR to PML nuclear bodies.