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What is the molecular weight/Mw of GDF10 HUMAN Protein?
GDF10 HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 12.5kDa.

What is the source or expression system of GDF10 HUMAN Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of GDF10 HUMAN Protein?
GDF10 HUMAN Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of GDF10 HUMAN Protein?
The biological functionality of GDF10 HUMAN Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of GDF10 HUMAN Protein?
MQWDEPRVCS RRYLKVDFAD IGWNEWIISP KSFDAYYCAG ACEFPMPKIV RPSNHATIQS IVRAVGIIPG IPEPCCVPDK MNSLGVLFLD ENRNVVLKVY PNMSVDTCAC R.

What applications can GDF10 HUMAN Protein be used in?
GDF10 HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for GDF10 HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, GDF10 HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

This factor was found in the conditioned medium of the human neuroepithelioma cell line SHEP1 and the mouse myoblast cell line C2C12ras. The cDNA encoding a protein of 498 amino acids was isolated by using a secretion-trap expression cloning procedure exploiting the presence of a signal sequence present in growth factors that are secreted by producer cells (Davis et al, 1996). Murine and human factors show 97 % identity at the amino acid level. For a related factor see: CDT6. The human gene has been mapped to chromosome 8q22.3-q23 (Cheung et al, 1998).

The expression of angiopoietin-1 mRNA is downregulated by PDGF, EGF, IL1-beta, and TGF-beta (Enholm et al, 1997).

Angiopoietin-1 is a ligand for the receptor-like tyrosine kinase designated TIE-2 (Davis et al, 1996). Binding of Angiopoietin-1 to its receptor induces tyrosine phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic receptor domain. A naturally occuring antagonist of Angiopoietin-1 binding to TIE-2 is Angiopoietin-2. Angiopoietin-1 also binds to the TIE-1 receptor and this interaction appears to be critical for the development of the right-hand side venous system. It is dispensable for the left-hand side venous system, suggesting that right-hand and left-hand side vascular networks are established early before asymmetrical features of the network become morphologically discernible Loughna and Sato, 2001).

Angiopoietin-1 does not directly promote the growth of cultured endothelial cells. Angiopoietin-1 is chemotactic for endothelial cells (Witzenbichler et al, 1998). Excess soluble TIE-2 receptors abolish the chemotactic response of endothelial cells toward angiopoietin-1. Angiopoietin-1 has been shown to counteract cell death by apoptosis in cultured endothelial cells (Holash et al, 1999). Angiopoietin-1 also acts as an apoptosis survival factor for endothelial cells and this effect is augmented by the presence of VEGF (Kwak et al, 1999).

Angiopoietin-2 dose-dependently blocks directed migration toward Angiopoietin-1. Carlson et al (2001) have shown that Ang-1 binds rather selectively to vitronectin and that Ang-1 can directly support adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and fibroblasts in a process mediated by integrins.

The physiologic roles of Angiopoietin-1 and its receptor are limited to angiogenic processes that occur subsequent to the earlier vasculogenic and angiogenic actions of the VEGF family and their receptors. However, it is unlike most of the known angiogenesis factors such as VEGF and other classical endothelial cell growth factors in that addition of the factor to cultures of endothelial cells does not directly promote cell growth even though the TIE-2 receptor becomes activated. Angiopoietin-1 also appears to be incapable of inducing the formation of tubules by endothelial cells.

Angiopoietins can potentiate the effects of other angiogenic cytokines. An investigation of the impact of angiopoietins on neovascularization in vivo in the cornea micropocket assay of neovascularization demonstrates that neither Angiopoietin-1 nor Angiopoietin-2 alone promote neovascularization. Holash et al (1999) have shown that a subset of tumors initially grows by coopting existing host vessels. Regression of these vessels via a process that involves disruption of interactions between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells as well as cell death by apoptosis of endothelial cells first causes loss of tumour cells before angiogenesis begins at the tumor margin and the tumor is rescued under the influence of VEGF, Angiopoietin-1, and probably other angiogenic stimuli.

The embryonic expression pattern of Angiopoietin-1 suggests that it plays a particularly important role in the developing heart. Angiopoietin-1 is expressed highly in the myocardial wall surrounding the endocardium expressing TIE-2. Expression of Angiopoietin-1 becomes much more widespread later in development.

ANGPT1 Protein has a total Mw of 55.6kDa.

What is the source or expression system of ANGPT1 Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of ANGPT1 Protein?
ANGPT1 Protein is >85% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of ANGPT1 Protein?
The biological functionality of ANGPT1 Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of ANGPT1 Protein?
MSNQRRSPEN SGRRYNRIQH GQCAYTFILP EHDGNCREST TDQYNTNALQ RDAPHVEPDF SSQKLQHLEH VMENYTQWLQ KLENYIVENM KSEMAQIQQN AVQNHTATML EIGTSLLSQT AEQTRKLTDV ETQVLNQTSR LEIQLLENSL STYKLEKQLL QQTNEILKIH EKNSLLEHKI LEMEGKHKEE LDTLKEEKEN LQGLVTRQTY IIQELEKQLN RATTNNSVLQ KQQLELMDTV HNLVNLCTKE GVLLKGGKRE EEKPFRDCAD VYQAGFNKSG IYTIYINNMP EPKKVFCNMD VNGGGWTVIQ HREDGSLDFQ RGWKEYKMGF GNPSGEYWLG NEFIFAITSQ RQYMLRIELM DWEGNRAYSQ YDRFHIGNEK QNYRLYLKGH TGTAGKQSSL ILHGADFSTK DADNDNCMCK CALMLTGGWW FDACGPSNLN GMFYTAGQNH GKLNGIKWHY FKGPSYSLRS TTMMIRPLDF

What applications can ANGPT1 Protein be used in?
ANGPT1 Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for ANGPT1 Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, ANGPT1 Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

About Visfatin Human

Visfatin is a cytokine expressed in visceral fat that was originally isolated as a secreted
element that synergized with stem cell factors and IL-7. One of its main functions is to
enhance the development of B cell precursors.

The cytokine is also known as the “Pre-B Cell Colony-Enhancing Factor (PBEF).” It has been
identified in vertebrates, including mice and humans, and it’s being studied due to its link
to inflammatory conditions, beta cell function, and cardiovascular disease.

What’s the Function of Visfatin Human Recombinant?

Visfatin human recombinant is produced in E. Coli. It’s a single, non-glycosylated,
polypeptide chain that contains 466 amino acids, it’s purified by FLAG-affinity
chromatography, and it contains a total molecular mass of 52.6 kDa.

What Are the Main Applications of Visfatin Human Recombinant?

The cytokine is being researched because of its involvement in glucose homeostasis,
dysregulation in biosynthesis and signal transduction, and the pathogenesis of diabetes.
Visfatin human recombinant is tailored exclusively for laboratory research, ensuring
experts can get further answers regarding the cytokine’s involvement in different
processes, including pathogenesis, diabetes, inflammation, dyslipidemia, and
atherosclerosis.

Findings can also help during the identification of high-risk people for cardiovascular
disease and diabetes.

Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 Human Recombinant: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract:

Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 (BMP-7) is a crucial member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily with diverse roles in development, tissue repair, and regeneration.

This research paper provides a comprehensive review of BMP-7 Human Recombinant, focusing on its structure, signaling pathways, and diverse functions. Additionally, the paper explores the therapeutic potential of BMP-7 modulation.

Introduction:

BMP-7 is a multifunctional growth factor that plays a significant role in skeletal development and tissue homeostasis. This paper aims to provide an extensive review of BMP-7 Human Recombinant, highlighting its importance in various biological processes and its potential therapeutic applications.

Structure and Function of BMP-7:

BMP-7 is a disulfide-linked homodimeric protein composed of two subunits. It binds to specific cell surface receptors, activating downstream signaling pathways, including the Smad pathway and non-Smad signaling cascades. These pathways regulate cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.

Skeletal Development and Regeneration:

BMP-7 is a key regulator of bone formation and remodeling. It promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization, contributing to skeletal development and repair. BMP-7 also plays a role in cartilage formation and chondrogenesis.

Tissue Repair and Regeneration:

Beyond its skeletal functions, BMP-7 is involved in tissue repair and regeneration in various organs, including the kidney, liver, and heart. It promotes the regeneration of damaged tissues by stimulating cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling.

Therapeutic Potential:

Due to its regenerative and reparative properties, BMP-7 has attracted significant attention as a potential therapeutic agent. It has been investigated for its applications in bone regeneration, cartilage repair, and the treatment of kidney and liver diseases. Clinical trials exploring the therapeutic efficacy of BMP-7 are ongoing.

Challenges and Future Perspectives:

Despite the promising therapeutic potential of BMP-7, challenges remain, including optimizing its delivery systems, understanding its dosage and duration of treatment, and managing potential side effects. Future research should focus on unraveling the intricate mechanisms of BMP-7 signaling, developing targeted therapies, and enhancing its clinical applications.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of BMP7 Protein?
BMP7 Protein has a total Mw of 15kDa.

What is the source or expression system of BMP7 Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of BMP7 Protein?
BMP7 Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of BMP7 Protein?
The biological functionality of BMP7 Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of BMP7 Protein?
BMP7 Protein is composed from 139 amino acids.

What applications can BMP7 Protein be used in?
BMP7 Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for BMP7 Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, BMP7 Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
ADIPONECTIN Protein has a total Mw of 25.7kDa.

What is the source or expression system of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
HEK293 cell line.

What is the Purity of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
ADIPONECTIN Protein is >90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
The biological functionality of ADIPONECTIN Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
GITATEGPGA LVPPPKETCA GWMAGIPGYP GHNGIPGRDG RDGTPGEKGE KGDAGVLGPK GDPGDAGMTG AEGPRGFPGT PGRKGEPGEA AYMYHSAFSV GLETRVTVPN VPIRFTKIFY NQQNHYDGST GKFHCNIPGL YYFSYHITVY MKDVKVSLFK KDKAVLFTYD QYQEKNVDQA SGSMLLHLEV GDQVWLQVYG EGDNNGLYAD NVNDSTFTGF LLYHDTNAAADYKDDDDK.

What applications can ADIPONECTIN Protein be used in?
ADIPONECTIN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for ADIPONECTIN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, ADIPONECTIN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

OX40 Ligand (OX40L), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, plays a pivotal role in regulating immune responses and orchestrating the delicate balance between activation and tolerance. The human recombinant form of OX40L has emerged as a potent tool in immunology, offering insights into its molecular intricacies and potential applications in therapeutic interventions. This research embarks on a journey to unravel the multifaceted role of OX40L Human Recombinant, shedding light on its structural attributes, signaling pathways, and its promising avenues in immunotherapy. By delving into the properties of OX40L, scientists aim to expand our understanding of immune modulation and open new frontiers in the treatment of immune-related disorders.

Structural Insights into OX40L Human Recombinant:

OX40L, as a trimeric transmembrane protein, exhibits a unique structural configuration that governs its interactions with the OX40 receptor on T cells. The human recombinant form, engineered for controlled study, provides a window into the three-dimensional intricacies of the ligand. Understanding its structure is pivotal for deciphering how OX40L engages with its receptor and modulates immune responses.

Immunomodulatory Signaling Pathways:

OX40L binding to its cognate receptor OX40 on T cells triggers intricate signaling cascades that impact immune cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. The OX40-OX40L axis is a crucial regulator of T cell function, influencing both effector and regulatory T cell responses. Unraveling the specific pathways activated by OX40L Human Recombinant provides valuable insights into the modulation of immune responses in health and disease.

Applications in Immunotherapy:

The immunomodulatory properties of OX40L make it an attractive candidate for therapeutic interventions. OX40L Human Recombinant, in preclinical and clinical studies, is being explored for its potential in enhancing antitumor immune responses. By harnessing the ligand's ability to stimulate effector T cells and memory T cell formation, researchers aim to develop novel immunotherapies for cancer and other immune-related disorders.

OX40L in Autoimmune Diseases:

Conversely, OX40L's role in autoimmune diseases has spurred investigations into its inhibition as a therapeutic strategy. Blocking the OX40-OX40L interaction has shown promise in mitigating autoimmune responses, presenting a potential avenue for the development of treatments for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.

While the potential of OX40L Human Recombinant in immunotherapy is promising, challenges persist. Fine-tuning its applications, understanding potential side effects, and optimizing dosages are critical considerations for translational success. Additionally, comprehending the context-dependent nature of OX40L signaling is essential for tailoring therapeutic strategies to specific diseases and patient profiles.

OX40L Human Recombinant stands at the forefront of immunomodulation research, offering a lens through which we can unravel the complexities of immune responses. Its structural insights, signaling pathways, and therapeutic applications position it as a key player in the evolving landscape of immunotherapy. As researchers continue to dissect the molecular nuances of OX40L, they not only expand our understanding of immune regulation but also pave the way for transformative advancements in the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases, shaping the future of precision medicine and immunotherapy.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
ADIPONECTIN Protein has a total Mw of 26kDa.

What is the source or expression system of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
HEK293.

What is the Purity of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
ADIPONECTIN Protein is >98% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
Full-length adiponectin activates AMP-activated protein kinase in hepatocyte. Adiponectin also activates AMPK in HepG2 human hepatocytes at the concentration of 1.0 µg/ml. An in vitro gluconeogenesis assay which was performed in primary rat hepatocytes showed the murine adiponectin derived from mammalian cells can inhibit glucose production.

What is the amino acid sequence of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
EDDVTTTEEL APALVPPPKG TCAGWMAGIP GHPGHNGTPG RDGRDGTPGE KGEKGDAGLL GPKGETGDVG MTGAEGPRGF PGTPGRKGEP GEAAYMYRSA FSVGLETRVT VPNVPIRFTK IFYNQQNHYD GSTGKFYCNI PGLYYFSYHI TVYMKDVKVS LFKKDKAVLF TYDQYQEKNV DQASGSVLLH LEVGDQVWLQ VYGDGDHNGL YADNVNDSTF TGFLLYHDTN DYKDDDDK.

What applications can ADIPONECTIN Protein be used in?
ADIPONECTIN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for ADIPONECTIN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, ADIPONECTIN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.