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RAP1B is a member of a superfamily of RAS-like small GTP-binding proteins which takes part in cell signaling. RAP1B owns an intrinsic GTPase activity and is universally expressed in mammalian tissues. The alleged effector domain of Ras proteins, whose integrity is required for cell transformation as well as interaction with the putative effector protein GAP, is conserved in both Rap 1 proteins.

RHOV belongs to the Rho family and to the small GTPase superfamily. RHOV is a 236 aa protein which regulates the actin cytoskeleton by activating the JNK pathway. RHOV is expressed in placenta, pancreas and fetal brain and operates as a lipid anchor at the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane.

CMRF35-like molecule 6 (CD300C), is a member of the CD300 family. The CMRF35 antigen was identified by reactivity with a monoclonal antibody and present on monocytes, neutrophils, and some T and B lymphocytes.

Ro 60 kDa autoantigen is an RNA-binding protein that binds to several small cytoplasmic RNA molecules known as Y RNAs. SSA2 may stabilize these RNAs from degradation. Sera taken from patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) often contains antibodies that react with the normal cellular SSA2 protein as if this antigen was foreign.

Neuroblastoma suppressor of tumorigenicity 1 (NBL1) is a part of the evolutionarily conserved CAN (Cerberus and DAN) family of proteins, which contain a domain resembling the CTCK (C-terminal cystine knot-like) motif found in several signaling molecules. NBL1 is a is a tumor suppressor of neuroblastoma and takes part in preventing cells from entering the final stage (G1/S) of the transformation process. NBL1 is produced in small neurons of the dorsal root ganglion. The expression of NBL1 is triggered by MATH-1.

RAB5C is a part of the Ras-related protein family. Members of the Rab protein family are small GTPases of the Ras superfamily guarantee reliability in the process of docking and fusion of vesicles with their right acceptor compartment.

TNFRSF13B (TACI) is a transmembrane receptor protein found predominantly on the surface of B cells (a significant part of the immune system). TACI was at first discovered owing to its ability to interact with calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand (CAML). Later on, it was found that TACI plays a key role in humoral immunity by interacting with two members of the TNF family. Also, TACI controls T cell-independent B cell antibody responses, isotype switching, and B cell homeostasis.

RAB17 is a member of the small GTPase superfamily which are found in several intracellular compartments and have a significant regulatory part in membrane trafficking. RAB17 regulates traffic through the apical recycling endosome, which indicates that RAB17 has a role in polarized arrangement in epithelial cells.

CNTF is a polypeptide hormone whose actions appear to be restricted to the nervous system where it promotes neurotransmitter synthesis and neurite outgrowth in certain neuronal populations. The protein is a potent survival factor for neurons and oligodendrocytes and may be relevant in reducing tissue destruction during inflammatory attacks. A mutation in this gene, which results in aberrant splicing, leads to ciliary neurotrophic factor deficiency, but this phenotype is not causally related to neurologic disease. In addition to the predominant monocistronic transcript originating from this locus, the gene is also co-transcribed with the upstream ZFP91 gene. Co-transcription from the two loci results in a transcript that contains a complete coding region for the zinc finger protein but lacks a complete coding region for ciliary neurotrophic factor.
CNTF is a survival factor for various neuronal cell types. Seems to prevent the degeneration of motor axons after axotomy.

Signal-Regulatory Protein Alpha, SIRPA belongs to the signal-regulatory-protein (SIRP) family, as well as the immunoglobulin super family. The members of the SIRP family are receptor-type transmembrane glycoproteins which are involved in the negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase-coupled signaling processes.
SIRPA can be phosphorylated by tyrosine kinases. The phospho-tyrosine residues of this PTP have been shown to recruit SH2 domain containing tyrosine phosphatases (PTP), and perform as substrates of PTPs. SIRPA take part in signal transduction mediated by a variety of growth factor receptors. CD47 has been shown to be a ligand for SIRPA.

The cytokine Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been identified to be secreted by the pituitary gland and the monocyte/macrophage and to play an important role in endotoxic shock. MIF has the unique property of being released from macrophages and T cells in response to physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids. The secretion of MIF is tightly regulated and decreases at high, anti-inflammatory steroid concentration.

HOMER3 belongs to the HOMER family of postsynaptic density scaffolding proteins which have an analogous domain structure consisting of an N-terminal Enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein homology 1 domain that facilitates protein-protein relations, and two leucine zipper and a carboxy-terminal coiled-coil domain motifs which take part in self-oligomerization.

UbcH10 is an essential mediator of mitotic destruction events and cell cycle progression. It catalyzes the destruction of cyclins A and B in conjunction with the anaphase-promoting complex, and therefore, plays an important role in the control of the cell exit from mitosis This activity is essential at then end of mitosis for the inactivation of their partner kinase Cdc2 and exit from mitosis into G1 of the next cell cycle. In addition, UbcH10 bears homology to yeast PAS2, a gene that is essential for biogenesis of peroxisomes. UbcH10 is useful for in vitro ubiquitinylation reactions.

TNFRSF17 is a receptor for tnfsf13b/blys/baff and tnfsf13/april. TNFRSF17 promotes b-cell survival and plays a role in the regulation of humoral immunity. TNFRSF17 activates nf-kappa-b and jnk. TNFRSF17 is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. TNFRSF17 is expressed in mature B lymphocytes, and is invloved in B cell development and autoimmune response. TNFRSF17 specifically binds to the tumor TNFSF13B/TALL-1/BAFF, which causes NF-kappaB and MAPK8/JNK activation. TNFRSF17 binds to a variety of TRAF family members, and therefore transduces signals for cell survival and proliferation. TNFRSF17 is a type III membrane protein having 1 extracellular cysteine rich domain. Within the TNFRSF, it shares the highest homology with TACI. BCMA and TACI have both been shown to bind to APRIL and BAFF, members of the TNF ligand superfamily. BCMA expression has been found in immune organs. TNFRSF17 appears to be localized to the Golgi compartment. The binding of BCMA to APRIL or BAFF has been shown to stimulate IgM production in peripheral blood B cells and increase the survival of cultured B cells.

Uteroglobin (SCGB1A1) which belongs to the Secretoglobin (SCGBs) superfamily, is a multifunctional protein that exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic effects by binding small hydrophobic molecules such as phospholipids and prostaglandins. Uteroglobin is involved in numerous functions including anti-inflammation, inhibition of phospholipase A2 and the sequestering of hydrophobic ligands. SCGB1A1 is expressed by Clara cells, the non-ciliated, non-mucous secretory cells predominant in lung bronchioles, and by other epithelia which communicate with the external environment. On top of sequestering pro-inflammatory mediators and carcinogens, Uteroglobin is implicated in the inhibition of cell migration and invasion, platelet aggregation, and T cell differentiation. SCGB1A1 gene defects are associated with a susceptibility to asthma.

TXNDC12 is a member of the thioredoxin super family. This Family members have a thioredoxin fold with a consensus active-site sequence (CxxC) and take part in redox regulation, protection against oxidative stress, refolding of disulfide-containing proteins, and regulation of transcription factors.

Rho-related GTP-binding protein (RhoD) is a member of the small GTPase superfamily. The small GTPase Rho D promotes the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and cell surface and also regulates endosome motility and distribution.

SHC1 is a member of the SH2 domain family. SHC1 is vital to the regulation of apoptosis and drug resistance in mammalian cells. SHC1 is a signaling adapter which links activated growth factor receptors to signaling pathway. SHC1 is found in neural stem cells but not in mature neurons.

SLAMF1 is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily and is involved in T-cell stimulation. The SLAMF1 protein is constitutively expressed on peripheral blood memory T cells, T-cell clones, immature thymocytes, and a fraction of B cells, and is swiftly induced on naive T cells after activation. There are probably 2 modes of SLAM signaling: one in which the inhibitor SH2D1A serves as a negative regulator and another in which protein-tyrosine phosphatase 2C (PTPN11)-dependent signal transduction functions.

UBE2N belongs to the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. UBE2N catalyzes the ATP-dependent synthesis of non-canonical polyubiquitin chains, a process which doesn’t set in motion proteasomal degradation. UBE2N mediates the transcription of some target genes and is believed to have a role in cell cycle progression; cellular differentiation and DNA repair mechanisms which ensure cell survival after DNA damage.

UBE2E1 belongs to the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. UBE2E1 accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. UBE2E1 catalyzes the covalent attachment of ISG15 to other proteins. UBE2E1 mediates the selective degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins. In vitro, UBE2E1 also catalyzes 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination.

PLGF is a growth factor active in angiogenesis, and endothelial cell growth, stimulating their proliferation and migration. It binds to receptor vegfr-1/flt1.

Human IL-36a belongs to the IL-1 family which includes IL-1b, IL-1a, IL-1ra, IL-18, IL-36ra (IL1F5), IL-36b (IL1F8), IL-36g (IL1F9), IL-37 (IL1F7) and IL-38 (IL-1F10). The IL-1 family members display a 12 b-strand, b-trefoil configuration, and are thought to have ascended from a mutual ancestral gene. IL-36a is an 18-22kDa, 158aa intracellular and secreted protein which holds no signal sequence, no prosegment and no potential from N-linked glycosylation sites. IL-36a is released as a reaction to LPS and the cell ATP-induced activation of the P2X7 receptor.
Human IL-36a (aa 6-158) shares 57-68% aa sequence homology with mouse, rabbit, equine and bovine IL-36a and 27-57% aa sequence homology with other new IL-1 family members. IL-36a is mostly found in skin and lymphoid tissues, but also in fetal brain, trachea, stomach and intestine.

Rab3A is a member of the small GTPase superfamily, Rab family. Rab3A is a small, Ras-like GTPase expressed in neuroendocrine cells, in which Rab3A is linked with secretory vesicle membranes and regulates exocytosis. Rab3A protein may have a role in neurotransmitter release by regulating membrane flow in the nerve terminal.