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EIF2B1 is one of five subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (EIF2B), which is a GTP exchange factor for eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and an essential regulator for protein synthesis. Phosphorylation of eIF2 inhibits GEF activity of EIF2B, an inhibition which requires the eIF2B1 subunit. Defects in eIF2B1 are a cause of leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter (VWM), a brain disease which is characterized by head trauma and motor deterioration.

EIF4EBP1 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1) belongs to a family of translation repressor proteins. EIF4EBP1 regulates eIF4E (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E) activity by preventing its assembly into the eIF4F complex and mediates the regulation of protein translation by hormones, growth factors and other stimuli that signal through the MAP kinase and mTORC1 pathways. EIF4EBP1 is phosphorylated in response to various signals including UV irradiation, resulting in its dissociation from eIF4E and activation of mRNA translation. EIF4EBP1 C-terminus has domains which control function and phosphorylation. EIF4EBP1 has a role in progression of breast neoplasms through cell signaling.

This gene is a member of the EPO/TPO family and encodes a secreted, glycosylated cytokine composed of four alpha helical bundles. The protein is found in the plasma and regulates red cell production by promoting erythroid differentiation and initiating hemoglobin synthesis. This protein also has neuroprotective activity against a variety of potential brain injuries and antiapoptotic functions in several tissue types.

EIF3K is a member of the eIF3 subunit K family. EIF3K is the smallest subunit of eIF3 and it interacts with a number of other subunits of eIF3 and the 40S ribosomal subunit. EIF3K is conserved among high eukaryotes, including mammals, insects, and plants, and it is universally expressed in human tissues. EIF3K is distributed both in nucleus and cytoplasm and colocalized with cyclin D3, a regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4).

Resistin, also known as adipose tissue-specific secretory factor (ADSF) is a cysteine-rich peptide derived from adipose tissue. Resistin takes part in the inflammatory response, glucose metabolism, and angiogenesis.Resistin blocks insulinstimulated uptake of glucose by adipocytes and promote glucose release by hepatocytes. As such,Resistin considered to participate in diet‑induced insulin-sensitivity. Resistin causes high levels of lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL), increasing the risk of heart disease.

EPO is a member of the EPO/TPO family and encodes a secreted, glycosylated cytokine composed of 4 alpha helical bundles. EPO is found in the plasma and regulates red cell production by promoting erythroid differentiation and initiating hemoglobin synthesis. EPO also has neuroprotective activity against a variety of potential brain injuries and antiapoptotic functions in several tissue types.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit J (EIF3J) is a member of the EIF-3 subunit J family. EIF3 has a crucial role in binding of initiator methionyl-tRNA and mRNA to the 40S ribosomal subunit to produce the 40S initiation complex. EIF3J binds to the aminoacyl (A) site and mRNA access channel of the 40S subunit, setting EIF3J directly in the ribosomal decoding center. In addition, EIF3J interacts with eIF1A and reduces 40S subunit affinity for mRNA. An elevated affinity for mRNA is restored upon enlistment of initiator tRNA, despite the fact EIF3J remains in the mRNA-binding cleft in the presence of tRNA.

Decorin (DCN) is a small cellular or pericellular matrix proteoglycan which is closely related in structure to biglycan protein. Decorin is a secreted protein which binds to collagen and fibronectin in extracellular matrix. Decorin appears in different glycoforms, substituted with chondroitin sulfate or dermatan sulfate consistent with the original tissue. DCN contains one attached glycosaminoglycan chain. Decorin influences the rate of fibril formation. Decorin is capable of suppressing the growth of various tumor cell lines. DCN gene defects cause corneal dystrophy. The DCN gene is a candidate gene for Marfan syndrome.

This gene is a member of the EPO/TPO family and encodes a secreted, glycosylated cytokine composed of four alpha helical bundles. The protein is found in the plasma and regulates red cell production by promoting erythroid differentiation and initiating hemoglobin synthesis. This protein also has neuroprotective activity against a variety of potential brain injuries and antiapoptotic functions in several tissue types.

Hemopexin (or haemopexin) is a plasma protein that binds heme with the highest affinity of any known protein. Hemopexin is generally expressed in liver, and belongs to acute phase reactants, the synthesis of which is induced after inflammation. Heme is potentially very toxic because of its ability to intercalate into lipid membrane and to generate hydroxyl radicals. Hemopexin’s function of scavenging the heme released or lost by the turnover of heme proteins such as hemoglobin defends the body from the oxidative damage that free heme can cause. Additionally, hemopexin discharges its bound ligand for internalisation upon interacting with a specific receptor located on the surface of liver cells. This hemopexin function is in order to preserve the body's iron. Hemopexin’s levels in the serum are an indication of how much heme is present in the blood. Low Hemopexin levels show that there is a lot of it in the serum. For that reason, low hemopexin levels indicate that there has been consid

Obestatin is a hormone that is produced in the cells lining the stomach and small intestine of several mammals including humans; it drastically reduces appetite in mice and is expected to do the same in humans. Obestatin is a peptide hormone - a relatively small protein. It is encoded by the same gene that also encodes ghrelin, a peptide hormone that increases appetite. The protein produced by that gene breaks into two smaller peptides, ghrelin and obestatin. Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor and is involved in regulating growth hormone release. Ghrelin is derived from a preprohormone called preproghrelin, which also generates a second peptide called obestatin. Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR39 and is involved in satiety and decreased food intake.

Epidermal growth factor receptor or EGFR or Erb-1 is a membranal protein that acts as a receptor for the extracellular EGF proteins family. This protein is a part of a family of receptors called ErbB family which are all tyrosine kinases receptors. Mutations in the gene of this receptors can cause cancer.

EIF2S1 participates in the premature steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA which binds to a 40S ribosomal subunit, followed by mRNA binding to create a 43S pre-initiation complex. Junction of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex is preceded by hydrolysis of the GTP bound to eIF-2 and release of an eIF-2-GDP binary complex. In order for eIF-2 to recycle and catalyze another round of initiation, the GDP bound to eIF-2 should exchange with GTP by way of a reaction catalyzed by eIF-2B.

E-cadherin (uvomorulin, cell-CAM120/80) is a calcium dependent cell adhesion molecule expressed predominately in epithelial tissues. It plays an important role in the growth and development of cells via the mechanisms of control of tissue architecture and the maintenance of tissue integrity. Numerous studies have demonstrated that reduction and/or loss of Ecadherin expression in carcinomas correlates positively with the potential of these tumors for invasion and metastasis.

EIF4EBP2 belongs to the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein family. Even though EIF4EBP2 protein binds eIF4E and inhibits translation initiation, growth factors can release this inhibition by a phosphorylation-dependent disruption. EIF4EBP2 mediates the regulation of protein translation by hormones, growth factors and other stimuli that signal through the MAP kinase pathway. Regulation of this protein is associated to cell proliferation, cell differentiation and viral infection.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4H (EIF4H) is a 248 amino acid protein which localizes to the perinuclear region of the cytoplasm and is expressed as 2 isoforms, termed short and long. EIF4H functions to stimulate the initiation of protein synthesis at the level of mRNA employment. EIF4H stimulates the RNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by EIF4A and EIF4B. EIF4H gene defects linked to Williams- Beuren syndrome (WBS), a rare developmental disorder characterized by cardiovascular and musculo-skeletal abnormalities and caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.23.

Elcatonin is a Calcitonin derivative which is transformed from eel´s calcitonin by changing the S-S bond into the stable C-N bond. It inhibits the absorption and autolysis of bones, thus leads to blood calcium descending. In addition, it inhibits the bone salts dissolving and transferring and promotes the excretion of calcium and phosphorus in urine. Meanwhile, it inhibits renal tubules reabsorbing calcium, phosphorus and sodium and keeps blood calcium at normal level. It is mainly used for remitting or eliminating the pain caused by Osteoporosis.

Epidermal growth factor has a profound effect on the differentiation of specific cells in vivo and is a potent mitogenic factor for a variety of cultured cells of both ectodermal and mesodermal origin. The EGF precursor is believed to exist as a membrane-bound molecule which is proteolytically cleaved to generate the 53-amino acid peptide hormone that stimulates cells to divide.
EGF stimulates the growth of various epidermal and epithelial tissues in vivo and in vitro and of some fibroblasts in cell culture.

Leuprorelin (INN) or leuprolide acetate (USAN) is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist).
By causing constant stimulation of the pituitaryGnRH receptors, it initially causes stimulation (flare), but thereafter decreases pituitary secretion (downregulation) of gonadotropins luteinizing hormone(LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH).
Like other GnRH agonists, leuprolide may be used in the treatment of hormone-responsive cancers such as prostate canceror breast cancer, estrogen-dependent conditions (such as endometriosisor uterine fibroids), to treat precocious puberty, and to control ovarian stimulation in IVF.

HB-EGF is an EGF related growth factor which signals via the EGF receptor, and stimulates the proliferation of SMC (smooth muscle cells), fibroblasts, epithelial cells and keratinocytes. HB-EGF is expressed in various cell types and tissues, including vascular endothelial cells and SMC, macrophages, skeletal muscle, keratinocytes and particular tumor cells. HB-EGF’s ability to explicitly bind HPR sulfate proteoglycans is dissimilar from other EGF-like molecules, and might be related to the enhanced mitogenic activity, relative to EGF, that HB-EGF exerts on smooth muscle cells.

EBI3 has an induced expression in B lymphocytes in reaction to Epstein-Barr virus infection. EBI3 encodes a secreted glycoprotein belonging to the hematopoietin receptor family, and heterodimerizes with a 28 kDa protein to form iIL-27. EBI3 drives rapid clonal expansion of naive cd4(+) t-cells. EBI3 strongly synergizes with IL-12 to activate IFN-gamma production of naive cd4(+) t-cells. EBI3 mediates its biologic effects through the cytokine receptor wsx-1/tccr.

Decorin (DCN) is a small cellular or pericellular matrix proteoglycan which is closely related in structure to biglycan protein. Decorin is a secreted protein which binds to collagen and fibronectin in extracellular matrix. Decorin appears in different glycoforms, substituted with chondroitin sulfate or dermatan sulfate consistent with the original tissue. DCN contains one attached glycosaminoglycan chain. Decorin influences the rate of fibril formation. Decorin is capable of suppressing the growth of various tumor cell lines. DCN gene defects cause corneal dystrophy. The DCN gene is a candidate gene for Marfan syndrome.