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Lumican also known as LUM belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family which comprises decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin, keratocan, epiphycan, and osteoglycin. Furthermore we can see that in these bifunctional molecules, the protein moiety binds collagen fibrils and the highly charged hydrophilic glycosaminoglycans regulate interfibrillar spacings. Lumican is the main keratan sulfate proteoglycan of the cornea however LUM is also distributed in interstitial collagenous matrices throughout the body. Lumican regulates collagen fibril organization and circumferential growth, corneal transparency, epithelial cell migration and tissue repair. Among the diseases associated with LUM is posterior amorphous corneal dystrophy.

DDT is an enzyme that catayzes the tautomerization of D-dopachrome to give 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI). DDT is part of the family of lyases, specifically the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. DDT shares a homologous amino acid sequence (33% identical) with MIF and has similar tautomerase activity. DDT functions a proinflammatory cytokine.

UROD is the fifth enzyme in the human heme biosynthetic pathway and is in charge for the transfer of uroporphyrinogen to coproporphyrinogen through the deletion of four carboxymethyl side chains. UROD Mutations and deficiency result in 3 autosomal disorders in humans: familial porphyria cutanea tarda (f-PCT), sporadic porphyria cutanea tarda (s-PCT) and hepatoerythropoietic porphyria (HEP).

Podoplanin is a small mucin-like type-1 transmembrane protein, typically expressed in various specialized cell types throughout the body. Podoplanin is a type-I integral membrane glycoprotein with diverse distribution in human tissues. PDPN physiological function is related to its mucin-type character. The homologous protein in other species has been described as a differentiation antigen and influenza-virus receptor.
PDPN is expressed in lymphatic progenitor cells and afterwards during mouse development in lymphatic endothelial cells. Podoplanin is a specific marker for lymph vessel endothelial cells. Over-expression of podoplanin significantly elevates endothelial cell adhesion, migration, and tube formation. Inhibition of Podoplanin expression decreases cell adhesion in human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells. Podoplanin is used as a specific marker for lymphatic endothelium in histopathology.
Podoplanin expression is increased in nearly all human colon, rectum, and small intestine tumors. AGGRUS may serve as a diagnostic marker that distinguishes seminomas, the majority of which over express the protein, from embryonal carcinoma in testicular germ cell tumors.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family which is part of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. The superfamily includes large families of growth and differentiation factors. Bone morphogenetic proteins were originally identified by an ability of demineralized bone extract to induce endochondral osteogenesis in vivo in an extraskeletal site. This particular family member plays an important role in the onset of endochondral bone formation in humans, and a reduction in expression has been associated with a variety of bone diseases, including the heritable disorder Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva. Alternative splicing in the 5' untranslated region of this gene has been described and three variants are described, all encoding an identical protein.

Defensins are cationic peptides with a large spectrum of antimicrobial activity that comprise an important arm of the innate immune system. The Alpha defensins are differentiated from the Beta-defensins by the pairing of their 3 disulfide bonds.
4 human Beta-defensins have been identified to date; BD-1, BD-2, BD-3 and BD-4.
Beta-defensins are expressed on some leukocytes and at epithelial surfaces.
In addition to their direct antimicrobial activities, they are chemoattractant towards immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. The beta-defensin proteins are expressed as the C-terminal portion of precursors and are released by proteolytic cleavage of a signal sequence and, in the case of BD-1 (36 a.a.), a propeptide region. Beta-defensins contain a six-cysteine motif that forms three intra-molecular disulfide bonds. Beta-Defensins are 3-5 kDa peptides ranging in size from 33-47 amino acid residues.

Caused by one of four closely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no cross-protection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes (hyperendemicity) can occur. In cell culture experiments and mice Morpholino antisense oligos have shown specific activity against Dengue virus.

Adiponectin is a recently discovered 244 amino acid protein, the product of the apM1 gene, which is physiologically active and specifically and highly expressed in adipose cells (Adipokine). The protein belongs to the soluble defense collagen super family; it has a collagen-like domain structurally homologous with collagen VIII and X and complement factor C1q-like globular domain. APM-1 forms homotrimers, which are the building blocks for higher order complexes found circulating in serum.

DCXR catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of numerous pentoses, tetroses, trioses, alpha-dicarbonyl molecules and L-xylulose. DCXR takes part in the uronate cycle of glucose metabolism. DCXR participates in the water absorption and cellular osmoregulation in the proximal renal tubules by producing xylitol, an osmolyte, thus preventing osmolytic stress from occurring in the renal tubules.

Nectin-1, also referred to as ED4, is a poliovirus receptor- related 1 protein is a part of the Nectin family. Nectin-1 endorses cell-cell contacts by forming homophilic or heterophilic trans-dimers. Heterophilic interactions among PVRL1/nectin-1 & PVRL4/nectin-4 and among PVRL1/nectin-1 & PVRL3/nectin-3 have been found. Nectin-1 acts as an entry receptor for herpes simplex virus & pseudorabies virus as well. Likewise, Neurite outgrowth-promoting activity has been shown by Nectin-1.

TRAIL Receptor-3, also known as TNFRSF10C belongs to theTNF-receptor super family. TNFRSF10C contains an extracellular TRAIL-binding domain as well as a transmembranedomain, however no cytoplasmic death domain. Furthermore, TNFRSF10C is not capable of inducing apoptosis, and is considered toact as an antagonistic receptor which protects cells from TRAIL-induced apoptosis.

Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling by inhibiting LRP5/6 interaction with Wnt and by creating a ternary complex with the transmembrane protein KREMEN which promotes internalization of LRP5/6. DKKs have a significant role in vertebrate development, where they locally inhibit Wnt controlled processes for instance antero-posterior axial patterning, limb development, somitogenesis and eye formation. Furthermore, Dkks are involved in bone formation and bone disease, cancer and Alzheimer disease in Adults.

Adenosine deaminase CECR1 isoform (CECR1) belongs to a family of adenosine deaminase-related growth factors. Adenosine deaminase is a key enzyme of purine nucleotide metabolism. CECR1 is a secreted protein, which is expressed in various tissues, with the highest expression in the lymphoblasts, heart, lung, and the placenta.

Defensins are cationic peptides with a large spectrum of antimicrobial activity that comprise an important arm of the innate immune system. The Alpha defensins are differentiated from the Beta-defensins by the pairing of their 3 disulfide bonds.
4 human Beta-defensins have been identified to date; BD-1, BD-2, BD-3 and BD-4.
Beta-defensins are expressed on some leukocytes and at epithelial surfaces.
In addition to their direct antimicrobial activities, they are chemoattractant towards immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. The beta-defensin proteins are expressed as the C-terminal portion of precursors and are released by proteolytic cleavage of a signal sequence and, in the case of BD-1 (36 a.a.), a propeptide region. Beta-defensins contain a six-cysteine motif that forms three intra-molecular disulfide bonds. Beta-Defensins are 3-5 kDa peptides ranging in size from 33-47 amino acid residues.

Chemokine (C motif) ligand (XCL1) is a small cytokine belonging to the XC chemokine family that is also known as lymphotactin. It is found in high levels in spleen, thymus, intestine and peripheral blood leukocytes, and at lower levels in lung, prostate gland and ovary. Cellular sources for XCL1 include activated thymic and peripheral blood CD8+ T cells. This chemokine attracts T cells. In humans, XCL1 is closely related to another chemokine called XCL2, whose geneis found at the same locus on chromosome 1. XCL1 induces it chemotactic function by binding to a chemokine receptor called XCR1.

Follicular Dendritic Cell Secreted Protein (FDCSP) is a small secreted protein which is found in follicular dendritic cells. The FDCSP protein specifically binds to activated B cells, and serves as a regulator of antibody responses. In addition, FDCSP is assumed to contribute to tumor metastases by promoting cancer cell migration and invasion. FDCSP binds to the surface of B-lymphoma cells, but not T-lymphoma cells, which is consistent with a function as a secreted mediator acting upon B-cells. FDCSP is abundantly expressed in the tonsil, lymph node, and tracheam, having a strong expression in the prostate and a lower expression in the thyroid, stomach and colon.

Caused by one of four closely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no cross-protection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes (hyperendemicity) can occur. In cell culture experiments and mice Morpholino antisense oligos have shown specific activity against Dengue virus.

DERF1 is a thiol protease that hydrolyzes proteins, with a preference for Phe or basic residues. DERF1 is a C1 peptidase family member. DERF1 has extensive endopeptidase specificity. DERF1 causes an allergic reaction in humans. Common symptoms of mite allergy are bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis.

Syndecan 2 (SDC2) is a conserved family of heparan- and chondroitin-sulfate carrying transmembrane protein. Syndecan 2 is a cell membrane proteoglycan which modulates the activity and dynamics of some growth factor receptors and integrins. SDC2 is expressed in HSCs (hepatic stellate cells), a key cell type involved in matrix deposition in liver fibrotic disorders. SDC2 is implicated in the formation of specialized membrane domains and serves as a direct link between the extracellular environment and the organization of the cortical cytoplasm.

Melanotan and Melanotan-II are both analogs of the peptide hormone alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (a-MSH) that tend to induce skin tanning. Unlike Melanotan, Melanotan-II has the additional effect of increasing libido. Melanotan II has aphrodisiac properties.

CUE Domain Containing 1, also know as CUEDC1 contains 1 CUE domain. The CUE domain is structurally associated to the ubiquitin-binding UBA domain and exists as a domain-swapped dimer which makes additional contacts with ubiquitin, and as a result, binds ubiquitin with higher affinity. The CUE domain is discovered in proteins with diverse functions including protein sorting and degradation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Delta-Like 1, also known as DLK1 is a member of the Notch/Delta/Serrate family of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeat-containing proteins which act as ligands in the Notch signaling pathway. Furthermore, DLK1 has six highly conserved epidermal-growth-factor motifs and it also contains up to ten O-glycosylation and N-glycosylation locations, six of them are differentially glycosylated.