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HSP27 or Estrogen-Regulated 24K proteinis a part of the mammalian small heat shock protein family. The protein is expressed constitutively in many tissues and its expression is increased to high levels after different types of stress including high temperatures, toxic metals, drugs and oxidants. Furthermore, Hsp27 is phosphorylated in vivo on three phosphorylation sites (Ser15, Ser78 and Ser82) by protein kinases including MAPKAP kinase 2 and the stress-activated protein kinase SAPK2 (p38).

The recombinant Protein L is genetically engineered protein and holds 5 IgG-binding regions of protein L and it has the exclusive capability to bind through kappa light chain interactions without interfering with the antibody’s antigen-binding site. Cell wall binding region, cell membrane binding region and albumin binding region were removed to ensure the highest specific IgG binding. The recombinant Protein L is perfect for purification of polyclonal or monoclonal IgG antibodies and it binds to human, mouse, rat and pig IgG.

CD30 Ligand (TNFSF8) is a cytokine which is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. The TNFSF8 cytokine is a ligand for TNFRSF8/CD30, which is a cell surface antigen and a marker for Hodgkin lymphoma and related hematologic malignancies. The employment of the TNFSF8 cytokine expressed on B cell surface has an inhibitory role in modulating Ig class switch. TNFSF8 enhances cell proliferation of some lymphoma cell lines, while inducing cell death and reducing cell proliferation of other lymphoma cell lines. The pleiotropic biological activities of the TNFSF8 cytokine on different CD30+ lymphoma cell lines has a pathophysiologic role in Hodgkin's and some non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Alpha-2-Glycoprotein 1 Zinc-Binding or AZGP1 is a protein, part of the MHC class 1 protein family. AZGP1 is thought to connect to prolactin-inducible protein (PIP), and not to , B 2-microglobulin (MHC light chain). AZGP1 is secreted from epithelia and can be found in nearly all fluids of the body. In adipocytes, AZGP1 triggers lipid degradation, that leads to a broad fat lost that can be linked to progressive type of cancers.

STIP1 is an adaptor protein that mediates the functions of HSP70 & HSP90 in protein folding. STIP1 supports the transfer of proteins from HSP70 to HSP90 by binding together HSP90 and substrate-bound HSP70. STIP1 stimulates the ATPase activity of HSP70 and inhibits the ATPase activity of HSP90, suggesting that it regulates both the conformations and ATPase cycles of these chaperones. STIP1 genetic variations are involved in regulating corticosteroid response in asthmatic subjects with reduced lung function.

TICAM2 belongs to the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) family, a group of proteins which include the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TICAM2, a cytoplasmic protein, physically bonds TLR4 and TICAM-1 and functionally transfers LPS-TLR4 signaling to TICAM-1, that sequentially activates IRF-3. TICAM2 takes part in IL1-triggered NF-kappa-B activation, operating upstream of IRAK1, IRAK2, TRAF6, and IKBKB.

TIPIN is a member of the CSM3 family. TIPIN protein is essential for normal advancement of S-phase and vital for cell existence after DNA damage or replication stress. TIPIN is specifically necessary for the ATR - CHEK1 pathway in the replication checkpoint induced by ultraviolet light.

GABARAPL2 takes part in intra Golgi traffic and modulates intra Golgi transport by coupling between NSF activity and SNAREs activation. GABARAPL2 first stimulates the ATPase activity of NSF which in turn stimulates the association with GOSR1.

TREM2 is a membrane protein that forms a receptor signaling complex with TYROBP. TREM2 may be involved in chronic inflammation by triggering the production of constitutive inflammatory cytokines. Defects in the TREM2 gene are a source of polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL).

Tripartite Motif Containing 33 (TRIM33) belongs to the tripartite motif family. This motif includes 3 zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. TRIM33 is assumed to be a transcriptional corepressor. TRIM33 functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. TRIM33 also promotes SMAD4 ubiquitination, nuclear exclusion and degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. In addition, TRIM33 inhibits the transcriptional response to TGF-beta/BMP signaling cascade. Furthermore, TRIM33 has a role in the control of cell proliferation.

GTF2E2 is vital for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in conjunction with other general factors. General Transcription Factor IIE is a heterotetramer composed of two subunits of relatively high molecular mass 57,000 (GTF2E1) and two of 34,000 (GTF2E2). GTF2E2 is necessary in conjunction with GTF2E1 for transcription initiation. GTF2E2 recruits TFIIH to the initiation complex and stimulates the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain kinase and DNA-dependent ATPase activities of TFIIH. Both TFIIE and TFIIH are essential for promoter clearance by RNA polymerase.

Glycophorins A & B (GYPA &GYPB) are the main sialoglycoproteins of the human erythrocyte membrane which carry the antigenic determinants for the MN and Ss blood groups. Along with the M or N and S or s antigens which normally occur in all populations, approximately 40 related variant phenotypes were identified. These variants comprise all the variants of the Miltenberger complex and some isoforms of Sta, as well as Dantu, Sat, He, Mg, and deletion variants Ena, S-s-U- and Mk. GYPA is significant for the function of SLC4A1 and is necessary for high activity of SLC4A1. GYPA is involved in translocation of SLC4A1 to the plasma membrane. GYPA is also a receptor for: the influenza virus, Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte-binding antigen 175 (EBA-175); binding of EBA-175 is dependent on sialic acid residues of the O-linked glycans and is also a receptor for Hepatitis A virus (HAV).

Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YARS) is a member of the class I tRNA synthetase family. YARS is a vital enzyme which catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNATrp with tryptophan, a critical function of the cell’s protein synthesis machinery. Expression of YARS is highly stimulated in human cells by the addition of IFN-gamma.

Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1) is a phosphotransferase (a kinase): 2'-deoxythymidine kinase, ATP-thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase. TK1 is present in 2 forms in mammalian cells, TK1 and TK2. Thymidine kinases hold a main function in the synthesis of DNA and thus in cell division, as they are part of the distinctive reaction chain to introduce deoxythymidine (present in the body fluids as a result of degradation of DNA from food and from dead cells) into the DNA. Thymidine kinase is necessary for the action of many antiviral drugs. Thymidine kinase is used to select hybridoma cell lines in production of monoclonal antibodies.

Cartilage-associated protein (CRTAP) is a secreted protein localizing to the extracellular space which takes part in collagen post-translational modifications, extracellular fibril assembly and intracellular trafficking. CRTAP which is mainly expressed with predominant expression in articular chondrocytes is essential for efficient 3-hydroxylation of fibrillar collagen prolyl residues. Mutations in the gene encoding CRTAP might cause to autosomal recessive osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type 7 and type 2B.

TXNDC12 is a member of the thioredoxin super family. This Family members have a thioredoxin fold with a consensus active-site sequence (CxxC) and take part in redox regulation, protection against oxidative stress, refolding of disulfide-containing proteins, and regulation of transcription factors.

USP46 is a part of a large family of cysteine proteases that function as deubiquitinating enzymes which interacts with WDR48 to have a high activity. USP46 operates by mediating the deubiquitination of GAD1/GAD67.

Protein MIS12 Belongs to the mis12 family. MIS12 is an element of the MIS12 complex, which is necessary for kinetochore formation during mitosis and normal chromosome alignment and segregation. The MIS12 complex which comprised of MIS12,DSN1 , NSL1 and PMF-1. MIS12 is section of a network of complexes that supply microtubule attachment and generates pulling forces from depolymerization.

HEXA is the alpha subunit of the lysosomal enzyme beta-hexosaminidase which, combined with the cofactor GM2 activator protein, catalyzes the degradation of the ganglioside GM2, and other molecules having N-acetyl hexosamines terminus. The two subunits composing Beta-hexosaminidase, alpha and beta, belong to the glycosyl hydrolases family and are encoded by distinct genes. Alpha subunit gene mutations can cause Tay-Sachs disease (GM2-gangliosidosis type I).

PDCD5 is expressed in tumor cells during apoptosis independent of the apoptosis-inducing stimuli. Prior to apoptosis induction, PDCD5 is distributed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Once apoptosis is induced, the amount of PDCD5 increases and by relocation from the cytoplasm, it accumulates in the nucleus.PDCD5 protein has a stable helical core conformation consisting of a triple-helix bundle and two dissociated terminal regions. PDCD5 is an important novel protein that regulates both apoptotic and non-apoptotic programmed cell death. PDCD5 functions in the process of apoptosis.
PDCD5 plays an important role in regulation of apoptotic processes in gastric cancer cells and gastric tumors.
PDCD5 plays a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
-27G/-11A SNP is associated with reduced PDCD5 promoter activity and increased susceptibility to chronic myelogenous leukemia.
PDCD5 gene may be a target gene under the control of some important apoptosis-related transcriptional factors during the cell apoptosis.

TAF9 is a universal transcription factor which enables the preinitiation complex assembly by direct interactions with the TATA promoter element. TAF9 is a multisubunit complex consisting of a small TATA-binding polypeptide and other TBP-associated factors (TAFs) and performs as a channel for regulatory signals.

FARSB, also known as Phenylalanyl-TRNA Synthetase Beta is a member of the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta subunit family. FARSB is composed tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits. In the presence of ATP, this tetramer is accountable for attaching L-phenylalanine to the terminal adenosine of the appropriate tRNA.

TARC cDNA encodes a 94 amino acid precursor protein with a 23 amino acid residue signal peptide that is cleaved off to generate the 71 amino acid residue mature secreted protein. Along with CC chemokine family members, CCL-17 has approximately 24-29% amino acid sequence identity with RANTES, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3 and I-309. TARC is expressed in thymus, and at a lower level in the lung, colon, and small intestine. TARC is in addition transiently expressed in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Recombinant TARC has been shown to be chemotactic for T cell lines but not monocytes or neutrophils. CCL-17 was recently identified to be a specific functional ligand for CCR4, a receptor that is selectively expressed on T cells. CCL17 is one of quite a few Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q arm of chromosome 16. CCL17 shows chemotactic activity for T lymphocytes, but not monocytes or granulocytes. CCL17 binds to chemokine receptors CCR4 and CCR8. This chemokine plays important roles in T cell development in thymus as well as in trafficking and activation of mature T cells.