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Transmembrane protein PRRT2 holds a proline-rich domain in its N-terminal half. PRRT2 is known to be primarily expressed in brain and spinal cord in embryonic and postnatal stages. Alterations in this gene are the cause for paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. PRRT2 mutations were found in nearly 30% of sporadic PKC patients.

GID Complex Subunit 8, also known as GID8 is a member of the GID8 family. GID8 was recognized through a two hybrid-associated protein screen with RanBPM. GID8 acts together with RanBP9 and includes a protein complex with RanBPM and Muskelin.

IFN-gamma produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens.
IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions, it is a potent activator of macrophages, and has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons.

Proteasome 26S Subunit, Non-ATPase 5, also known as PSMD5 is a member of the proteasome subunit S5B/HSM3 family. The 26S proteasome is an enzymatic complex which degrades ubiquitinated proteins in eukaryotic cells. Furthermore, PSMD5 acts as a chaperones which is involved in the assembly of the 26s proteasome, particularly of the base subcomplex of the PA700/19S regulatory complex. PSMD5 is full of dileucine repeats, which have been involved in trafficking of various transmembrane proteins.

Mesoderm development candidate 2 (MESDC2) is required for formation of the primitive streak and mesoderm during embryogenesis. MESDC2 binds to the Wnt co-receptors LRP5 and LRP6 in the endoplasmic reticulum and is required for their proper folding and cell surface expression.

Gastrokine 3 (GKN3P) is a Pseudogene, which May inhibit gastric epithelial cell proliferation.

GCSAM is a protein which functions in signal transduction pathways and whose expression raises in germinal cell lymphomas. GCSAM contains a putative PDZ-interacting domain, an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), and two putative SH2 binding sites. In B cells, GCSAM expression is particularly induced by interleukin-4.

Myosin Binding Protein C, Cardiac (MYBPC3) is the cardiac isoform of myosin-binding protein C expressed exclusively in heart muscle. Myosin-binding protein C is a myosin-associated protein found in the cross-bridge-bearing zone (C region) of A bands in striated muscle. Regulatory phosphorylation of the cardiac isoform in vivo by cAMP-dependent protein kinase upon adrenergic stimulation may be associated with modulation of cardiac contraction. MYBPC3 gene mutations are one of the causes of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In vitro MYBPC3 binds MHC, F-actin and native thin filaments, and modifies the activity of actin-activated myosin ATPase. MYBPC3 may modulate muscle contraction or it may have a more structural role.

Dopachrome Tautomerase also known as DCT, belongs to the tyrosinase family. DCT takes a significant part in the synthesis of the melanin pigment including tyrosinase (Tyr), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (Tyrp1). Which are highly involved in eumelanin synthesis. The change among the eumelanin and the pheomelanin pathways is assumed to depend on the presence of cysteine. Hence, in the lack of cysteine, dopaquinone, the product of tyrosinase action, is transformed to cyclodopa (leucodopachrome) and afterwards to dopachrome (and DOPA).

Adipocyte plasma membrane-associated protein, also known as APMAP, is a member of the strictosidine synthase family. APMAP exhibits strong arylesterase activity with beta-naphthyl acetate in addition to phenyl acetate and takes part in adipocyte differentiation.

Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 7 (VAMP7) is a member of the synaptobrevin family. VAMP7 is a transmembrane protein, which is a member of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family. VAMP7 is involved in the targeting and/or fusion of transport vesicles to their target membrane during transport of proteins from the early endosome to the lysosome. VAMP7 localizes to late endosomes and lysosomes and is involved in the fusion of transport vesicles to their target membranes. VAMP7 is essential for heterotypic fusion of late endosomes with lysosomes and homotypic lysosomal fusion. It is also necessary for calcium regulated lysosomal exocytosis. In addition, VAMP7 is involved in the export of chylomicrons from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cis Golgi. Furthermore, VAMP7 is needed for exocytosis of mediators during eosinophil and neutrophil degranulation, and target cell killing by natural killer cells.

Pyruvate kinase is a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. The M2 isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase is specifically expressed at high levels in tumor cells, and can be measured in plasma of patients with advanced breast cancer. The marker is useful for measuring disease activity, sensitivity to chemotherapy and recurrence.

HIF1A has a role as a master transcriptional monitor of the adaptive response to hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions HIF1A activates the transcription of over 40 genes, including, erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, and genes whose protein products increase oxygen release or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. HIF1A functions as an essential role in embryonic vascularization, tumor angiogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic disease.

RUNX3 is part of the RUNX family that mediates the expression of genes which participate in cellular differentiation and cell cycle progression. RUNX3 heterodimer and the beta subunit form a complex that binds to the core DNA sequence 5''-PYGPYGGT-3'' found in several enhancers and promoters, and can either activate or suppress transcription. RUNX3 interacts with additional transcription factors. RUNX3 is a good candidate for gastric cancer tumor suppressor diagnosis.

SEC13 is a member of the SEC13 family of WD-repeat proteins. SEC13 is a constituent of the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear pore complex. SEC13 is similar to the yeast SEC13 protein that is essential for vesicle biogenesis from endoplasmic reticulum during the transport of proteins. SEC13 interacts with SEC31A and SEC31B. SEC31A colocalizes with SEC13, one of the other components of COPII, in the subcellular structures corresponding to the vesicle transport function.

WW Domain Containing Transcription Regulator 1 (WWTR1) is a transcriptional coactivator that plays a role as a downstream regulatory target in the Hippo signaling pathway which participates in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. WWTR1 regulates the nuclear accumulation of SMADS and has a main part in coupling them to the transcriptional machinery like the mediator complex. WWTR1 is also regulates embryonic stem-cell self-renewal.

Transferrin is the iron-transport protein of vertebrate serum and donates iron to cells through interaction with a specific membrane receptor, CD71. Transferrin appears to be indispensable for most cells growing in tissue culture.
It is referred to frequently as a growth factor because, in analogy to other growth factor-receptor interactions, proliferating cells express high numbers of transferrin receptors, and the binding of transferrin to their receptors is needed for cells to initiate and maintain their DNA synthesis. Apart from its role as an iron transport protein transferrin acts as a cytokine and has functions that may not be related to its iron-carrying capacity.
Human Transferrin is a crucial component for the cultivation of mammalian cells in-vitro. Human Transferrin is Critical for long-term cells growth in-vitro. Human Transferrin is used as detoxificant in media by binding contaminating metal ions. Human Transferrin is often used as a nutrient in fermentation media for recombinant protein and biopharmaceutical production. Additional common uses of Human Transferrin areMolecular weight, Affinity purification of anti-human transferrin antibodies and also as receptor mediated transfection of molecules such as DNA, into cells.

EDF1 controls endothelial cell differentiation. EDF1 has a role as a bridging protein that interconnects regulatory proteins and the basal transcriptional machinery, thus modulating the transcription of genes that take part in endothelial differentiation. EDF1 binds calmodulin through its IQ domain and controls nitric oxide synthase activity via calmodulin sequestration in the cytoplasm. EDF1 is localized in adult liver, heart, adipose tissues, intestine and pancreas.

GroEL, HSP60 is a chaperonin located in the mitochondria which is responsible for the transportation & refolding of proteins from the cytoplasm directly into the mitochondrial matrix. GroEL is regulated by the HSP10 cochaperonin, which is a single heptameric protein ring having a molecular mass of 10 kDa which form a unique complex with HSP60. HSP10, GroES coordinates the ATPase activity of the HSP60 subunits in order to allow the release of bound polypeptide in a manner that is productive for its correct folding.

GCSF is a cytokine that controls the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes. The active protein is found extracellularly. Three transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for the GCSF gene. Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factors are cytokines that act in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of 2 related white cell populations of the blood, the granulocytes and the monocytes-macrophages. This csf induces granulocytes.

MRPS25, a 28S subunit protein, is a member of the ribosomal protein S5P family. An equivalent pseudogene is located on chromosome 4.

"Epiregulin is part of the EGF family. Epiregulin functions as a ligand of EGFR, as well as a ligand of most members of the ERBB (v-erb-b2 oncogene homolog) family of tyrosine-kinase receptors.Epiregulin is expressed mostly in the placenta and peripheral blood leukocytes and in specific carcinomas of the bladder, lung, kidney and colon. Epiregulin stimulates the proliferation of keratinocytes, hepatocytes, fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. Epiregulin inhibits the growth of several tumor-derived epithelial cell lines. Human Epiregulin is initially synthesized as a glycosylated 19.0 kDa transmembrane precursor protein, which is processed by proteolytic cleavage to produce a 6.0 kDa mature secreted sequence."

IGFBP6 plays a role in lipoprotein assembly and dietary cholesterol absorption. in addition to its acyltransferase activity, it may act as a ligase. may provide cholesteryl esters for lipoprotein secretion from hepatocytes and intestinal mucosa.

Interferon Alpha And Beta Receptor or IFNAR1, is part of the class II cytokine receptor family. IFNAR1 forms one of the two chains of a receptor for interferons alpha and beta. IFNAR1 binds and activates the receptor that stimulates Janus protein kinases, which then phosphorylate few proteins, including STAT1 & STAT2. Furthermore, IFNAR1 also acts as an antiviral factor.