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Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) is a multifunctional protein that plays a crucial role in the transport of retinol (vitamin A) in the bloodstream. Beyond its traditional role in vitamin A metabolism, RBP4 has emerged as a key player in various physiological processes and pathological conditions. This research endeavors to explore the diverse facets of RBP4 in human biology, shedding light on its physiological functions, regulatory mechanisms, and implications in health and disease.

Physiological Functions:

At its core, RBP4 acts as a carrier protein, shuttling retinol from the liver, where it is stored, to peripheral tissues where it is utilized. Retinol is vital for vision, immune function, growth, and development, making RBP4 an essential component in these processes. By regulating the availability of retinol, RBP4 contributes significantly to maintaining normal vision, immune responses, and cellular differentiation, particularly in epithelial tissues.

Metabolic Significance:

Research has unveiled RBP4’s role in metabolic regulation. It has been associated with insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Elevated RBP4 levels are observed in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance, implicating its involvement in metabolic disorders. Understanding the interplay between RBP4, insulin signaling, and glucose metabolism is crucial for deciphering the complexities of diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

Immunological Implications:

Beyond its metabolic functions, RBP4 has been implicated in immune responses. Studies have suggested its involvement in modulating inflammatory processes and immune cell functions. By influencing immune cell differentiation and cytokine production, RBP4 may play a role in both immune defense and autoimmune disorders. Investigating these immunological implications provides insights into the crosstalk between metabolic and immune pathways.

Genetic and Environmental Influences:

Genetic variations and environmental factors, such as diet and lifestyle, can impact RBP4 levels and functions. Research into these influences is essential for understanding individual susceptibility to metabolic disorders and inflammatory conditions. Genetic studies shed light on the hereditary aspects of RBP4 regulation, providing valuable information for personalized medicine approaches.

Clinical Relevance:

RBP4’s involvement in various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers, underscores its clinical relevance. It serves as a potential biomarker for metabolic dysregulation and a target for therapeutic interventions. Moreover, RBP4-targeted therapies are being explored for their potential in managing metabolic disorders and related complications.

Conclusion:

RBP4, once primarily recognized for its role in vitamin A transport, has evolved into a multifaceted protein with intricate roles in metabolism, immunity, and disease. Its functions extend far beyond being a mere carrier of retinol, influencing diverse physiological processes and serving as a nexus between metabolic health and immunological responses. Unraveling the complexities of RBP4 opens avenues for understanding diseases like diabetes and offers promising prospects for innovative therapies, emphasizing its significance in human biology and medicine.

Podocalyxin-Like also known as PODXL is a glycosylated transmembrane sialoprotein in the CD34 and endoglycan family. The PODXL protein takes part in the regulation of both adhesion and cell morphology and cancer progression. PODXL plays a role as an anti-adhesive molecule, which retains an open filtration pathway between neighboring foot processes in the podocyte by charge repulsion. PODXL also functions as a pro-adhesive molecule, enhancing the adherence of cells to immobilized ligand which leads to rate increase of migration and cell-cell contacts in an integrin-dependent manner.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of IGFBP1 HUMAN Protein?
IGFBP1 HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 25kDa.

What is the source or expression system of IGFBP1 HUMAN Protein?
Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0.

What is the Purity of IGFBP1 HUMAN Protein?
IGFBP1 HUMAN Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of IGFBP1 HUMAN Protein?
The ED50, as determined by the inhibition of rHuIGF-I-induced proliferation of human MCF-7 cells, is less than 4µg/ml.

What is the amino acid sequence of IGFBP1 HUMAN Protein?
APWQCAPCSA EKLALCPPVS ASCSEVTRSA GCGCCPMCAL PLGAACGVAT ARCARGLSCR ALPGEQQPLH ALTRGQGACV QESDASAPHA AEAGSPESPE STEITEEELL DNFHLMAPSE EDHSILWDAI STYDGSKALH VTNIKKWKEP CRIELYRVVE SLAKAQETSG EEISKFYLPN CNKNGFYHSR QCETSMDGEA GLCWCVYPWN GKRIPGSPEI RGDPNCQIYF NVQN.

What applications can IGFBP1 HUMAN Protein be used in?
IGFBP1 HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for IGFBP1 HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, IGFBP1 HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What You Should Know About Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 (BMP-4) Human Recombinant

As part of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) participates in multiple developmental processes, from embryogenesis to bone and cartilage formation.

Since this signaling protein is involved in many physiological processes, its laboratory-produced version has been studied for different medical applications. Additionally, a reduction in BMP-4 expression has been associated with multiple diseases, leading to further research into its potential therapeutic benefits.

Are you interested in learning more about Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 (BMP-4) human recombinant? Read on to find more information!

How Does Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 (BMP-4) Work?

Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 (BMP-4) regulates microRNAs miR-494 and miR-126-5p expression, controlling endothelial cells' involvement and function in angiogenesis. As such, it has diverse effects on cell growth, differentiation, and survival.

The Role of BMP-4

This protein emits signals that promote the formation of different tissues and organs, including the bones and cartilage, kidneys, teeth, and the neural tube. In other words, it's essential for the development of the heart, skeleton, and central nervous system.

However, the role of BMP-4 goes beyond these processes. It participates in different physiological activities, such as:

• Embryonic development
• Wound healing
• Bone remodeling
• Immune response modulation
• Tissue repair
• Cardiac development and function

What Is Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 (BMP-4) Human Recombinant?

To replicate the effects of the BMP4 found in humans and explore its possible therapeutic applications, many laboratories have started producing this protein in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.

As mentioned, decreased BMP-4 expression has been associated with different diseases, including bone disorders, fibrosis, and cancer, which can cause other conditions, such as organ dysfunction.

More research is needed, but BMP-4 human recombinant (rhBMP4) produced in CHO has the potential to address these diseases and could be used for other medical applications. These are some examples:

• Cancer therapy
• Development of engineered tissues and organs
• Bone regeneration for the treatment of osteoporosis and nonunion fractures
• Bone growth and fusion in spinal fusion surgeries (the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved some bone morphogenetic proteins for these procedures)
• Promotion of tissue repair and regeneration

Final Thoughts BMP-4

Although BMP-4 human recombinant produced in CHO offers potential benefits, several challenges remain, including possible side effects, as high doses can cause inflammation, bone overgrowth, and other issues.

However, the long-term effects of rhBMP4 are still under investigation. Further research will provide solutions to address these challenges and allow experts to explore this laboratory-produced protein's power in different medical fields.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of BMP4 Protein?
BMP4 Protein has a total Mw of 13kDa.

What is the source or expression system of BMP4 Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of BMP4 Protein?
BMP4 Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of BMP4 Protein?
The biological functionality of BMP4 Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of BMP4 Protein?
SPKHHSQRAR KKNKNCRRHS LYVDFSDVGW NDWIVAPPGY QAFYCHGDCP FPLADHLNST NHAIVQTLVN SVNSSIPKAC CVPTELSAIS MLYLDEYDKV VLKNYQEMVV EGCGCR.

What applications can BMP4 Protein be used in?
BMP4 Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for BMP4 Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, BMP4 Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

Artemin Human Recombinant: Unraveling its Role in Neurobiology and Therapeutic Applications

Abstract:

Artemin, a member of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family, holds significant potential in neurobiology and therapeutic interventions. This research paper provides an overview of Artemin human recombinant, elucidating its molecular characteristics, signaling pathways, and therapeutic implications in neurological disorders. Understanding the multifaceted role of Artemin offers new avenues for targeted therapies. This article offers a concise analysis of Artemin, highlighting its impact on neurobiology and its therapeutic applications.

Introduction:

Neurological disorders represent a major challenge in healthcare, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. Artemin, a member of the GDNF family, has emerged as a promising molecule in neurobiology. This paper provides an overview of Artemin, shedding light on its structure, function, and therapeutic potential.

Artemin Signaling and Mechanisms:

Artemin binds to its receptor, Ret tyrosine kinase, and activates downstream signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. These signaling cascades play crucial roles in neuronal survival, growth, and differentiation, highlighting the significance of Artemin in neurodevelopment and neuroprotection.

Artemin in Neurological Disorders:

Artemin has been implicated in various neurological disorders, including peripheral neuropathies and neurodegenerative diseases. Its neuroprotective properties and ability to enhance neuronal survival and regeneration make it a promising target for therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, Artemin may play a role in pain modulation and sensory neuron function.

Therapeutic Potential of Artemin Human Recombinant:

Artemin human recombinant offers promising prospects in the field of neurotherapeutics. Strategies aimed at modulating Artemin signaling or delivering exogenous Artemin hold potential for promoting neuronal survival, regeneration, and functional recovery. Artemin-based therapies could be developed for a range of neurological disorders, including peripheral neuropathies, Parkinson's disease, and spinal cord injuries.

Challenges and Future Directions:

While the therapeutic targeting of Artemin shows promise, several challenges lie ahead. Further research is needed to understand the precise mechanisms underlying Artemin's effects and its interactions with other signaling pathways. Additionally, the development of effective delivery methods and the identification of patient subgroups that may benefit from Artemin-based therapies are important considerations for clinical translation.

Conclusion:

Artemin human recombinant represents a promising avenue for therapeutic interventions in neurological disorders. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and functional implications of Artemin in neurobiology offers new opportunities for developing innovative treatments. Continued research in this field has the potential to improve the lives of individuals affected by neurological conditions and advance the field of neurotherapeutics.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of ARTN Protein?
ARTN Protein has a total Mw of 24.2kDa.

What is the source or expression system of ARTN Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of ARTN Protein?
ARTN Protein is >98% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of ARTN Protein?
The activity is determined by the dose-dependent proliferation of the SH-SY5Y cell line and is typically 4-8 ng/mL. The activity can also be determined by its ability to promote survival and neurite outgrowth.

What is the amino acid sequence of ARTN Protein?
AGGPGSRARA AGARGCRLRS QLVPVRALGL GHRSDELVRF RFCSGSCRRA RSPHDLSLAS LLGAGALRPP PGSRPVSQPC CRPTRYEAVS FMDVNSTWRT VDRLSATACG CLG.

What applications can ARTN Protein be used in?
ARTN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for ARTN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, ARTN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of CXCL17 HUMAN, HIS Protein?
CXCL17 HUMAN, HIS Protein has a total Mw of 13.7kDa.

What is the source or expression system of CXCL17 HUMAN, HIS Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of CXCL17 HUMAN, HIS Protein?
CXCL17 HUMAN, HIS Protein is >85% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of CXCL17 HUMAN, HIS Protein?
The biological functionality of CXCL17 HUMAN, HIS Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of CXCL17 HUMAN, HIS Protein?
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MSSLNPGVAR GHRDRGQASR RWLQEGGQEC ECKDWFLRAP RRKFMTVSGL PKKQCPCDHF KGNVKKTRHQ RHHRKPNKHS RACQQFLKQC QLRSFALPL.

What applications can CXCL17 HUMAN, HIS Protein be used in?
CXCL17 HUMAN, HIS Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for CXCL17 HUMAN, HIS Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, CXCL17 HUMAN, HIS Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

Who supplies recombinant CXCL17 HUMAN, HIS that is in stock and available to order?
ProSpec has the protein in stock and available for immediate delivery.

Where can I order bulk mg quantities of CXCL17 HUMAN, HIS?
ProSpec supplies bulk mg quantities at affordable prices that meets research and academic budgets.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of LGALS2 MOUSE, ACTIVE Protein?
LGALS2 MOUSE, ACTIVE Protein has a total Mw of 17.3kDa.

What is the source or expression system of LGALS2 MOUSE, ACTIVE Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of LGALS2 MOUSE, ACTIVE Protein?
LGALS2 MOUSE, ACTIVE Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of LGALS2 MOUSE, ACTIVE Protein?
Measured by its ability to agglutinate human red blood cells. The ED50 is ≥ 20ug/ml.

What is the amino acid sequence of LGALS2 MOUSE, ACTIVE Protein?
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSMSEKFEV KDLNMKPGMS LKIKGKIHND VDRFLINLGQ GKETLNLHFN PRFDESTIVC NTSEGGRWGQ EQRENHMCFS PGSEVKITIT FQDKDFKVTL PDGHQLTFPN RLGHNQLHYL SMGGLQISSF KLE.

What applications can LGALS2 MOUSE, ACTIVE Protein be used in?
LGALS2 MOUSE, ACTIVE Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for LGALS2 MOUSE, ACTIVE Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, LGALS2 MOUSE, ACTIVE Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

Serum Amyloid A2 (SAA2), a prominent member of the acute-phase proteins family, has recently emerged as a pivotal player in the intricate web of inflammatory responses and tissue homeostasis. Initially identified as a biomarker of acute-phase reactions, research on SAA2 has expanded, revealing its involvement in various physiological processes, including immunity, lipid metabolism, and tissue repair. This research aims to unravel the multifaceted functions of SAA2, exploring its structural attributes, regulatory mechanisms, and its implications in health and disease.

Structural Features of SAA2:

SAA2, an isoform of the serum amyloid A protein family, is characterized by its unique pentameric structure. Upon stimulation by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), SAA2 is synthesized and secreted by the liver and extrahepatic tissues. Its pentameric form undergoes conformational changes, facilitating interactions with various cellular receptors and extracellular matrix components, enabling it to partake in diverse biological functions.

Immunomodulatory Functions:

SAA2 acts as a multifunctional immunomodulatory molecule, regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. It serves as a chemoattractant for immune cells, guiding them to sites of infection or injury. Additionally, SAA2 influences the differentiation and activation of immune cells, impacting the delicate balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals. Such intricate immunomodulatory properties make SAA2 a key regulator of immune responses during infection and tissue damage.

Metabolic Implications:

Beyond its immune functions, SAA2 is implicated in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. It interacts with high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and influences cholesterol efflux, contributing to the body's lipid homeostasis. Dysregulation of SAA2 has been associated with atherosclerosis and metabolic disorders, highlighting its importance in maintaining cardiovascular health and metabolic balance.

Tissue Repair and Regeneration:

Recent studies have illuminated SAA2’s role in tissue repair and regeneration. It promotes cell proliferation and migration, aiding in tissue remodeling after injury. Moreover, SAA2 participates in angiogenesis, facilitating the formation of new blood vessels, which is crucial for tissue repair processes. Its involvement in tissue regeneration underscores its significance in wound healing and recovery from inflammatory damage.

Implications in Disease and Therapeutics:

Altered levels of SAA2 are associated with various diseases, including chronic inflammatory disorders, cancer, and metabolic syndromes. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying SAA2 dysregulation provides insights into disease pathogenesis. Researchers are exploring SAA2-targeted therapies for conditions characterized by chronic inflammation, aiming to modulate its functions for therapeutic benefits.

Conclusion:

SAA2, once viewed as a marker of acute inflammation, has transcended its initial role, emerging as a versatile regulator in immunity, metabolism, and tissue repair. Its diverse functions, ranging from immune modulation to tissue regeneration, highlight its intricate involvement in physiological processes. By deciphering the complexities of SAA2, scientists pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies, aiming to harness its regulatory potential for the treatment of inflammatory and metabolic disorders.