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Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein that belongs to the transferrin family of iron binding proteins. It is found in human breast milk as well as most epithelial surface secretions including tears, nasogastric, saliva, and bronchial. Lactoferrin binds 2 molecules of iron with very high affinity. Lactoferrin inhibits bacterial growth by withholding iron, its N-terminal region is an antimicrobial peptide. Lactotransferrin acts synergistically with lysozyme to potentiate the activity of both proteins. The multifunctional protein lactoferrin has many physiological possible roles. It is often referred to as an innate defense protein and frequently serves as the first line of defense in protection against pathogens. It has been shown to have the ability to bind iron, it is a natural anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-viral, it is an antioxidant and it also has immunomodulatory properties. It has many beneficial properties, which make it a good candidate for a number of product applications. Considerable research is currently going on to explain the various suggested biological functions of lactoferrin.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also known as EBI1 ligand chemokine (ELC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-3-beta (MIP-3-beta). CCL19 is expressed abundantly in thymus and lymph nodes, with moderate levels in trachea and colonand low levels in stomach, small intestine, lung, kidney and spleen. The gene for CCL19 is located on human chromosome 9. This chemokine elicits its effects on its target cells by binding to the chemokine receptor chemokine receptor CCR7. It attracts certain cells of the immune system, including dendritic cellsand antigen-engaged B cells.

Vimentin expression in human malignant glioma cells depends on cellular density, algorithms of drug delivery and chemo/radio treatment. Vimentin and detyrosinated microtubules provide structural support for the extensive microtentacles observed in detached tumor cells and a mechanism to promote successful metastatic spread. Primary colorectal carcinomas display aberrant expression of vimentin, and have activated Notch and TGFbeta signaling pathways. Vimentin is a strong arterial substrate for transglutaminases. Transglutaminase-mediated vimentin dimerization results in a novel unifying pathway by which vasodilatory and remodeling responses may be regulated. Ablation of vimentin expression inhibits migration and invasion of colon and breast cancer cell lines.

CD-90 plays a role in cell-cell or cell-ligand interactions during synaptogenesis and other events in the brain Thy-1 is the designation for a major cell surface glycoprotein characteristic to T cells,. The Thy-1 glycoproteins are constituents of thymocytes and neurons and probably are involved in cell-cell interactions. Human Thy-1 homolog maps to chromosome 11 because that is where T3D is found, in the mouse T3D and Thy-1 map to chromosome 9 along with certain other loci that are on human 11q.

Nucleosome Assembly Protein 1-Like 4 (NAP1L4) is a part of the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family which interacts with both core and linker histones. NAP1L4 plays a role as a histone chaperone due to his ability to shuttle between the cytoplasm and nucleus. NAP1L4 modulates transcriptional activation by target nuclear receptors. NAP1L4 is one of several located near the imprinted gene domain of 11p15.5 which is an important tumor-suppressor gene region.

Junctional Adhesion Molecule 2 (JAM2) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and the junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family. JAM2 is a type I membrane protein which is localized at the tight junctions of both epithelial and endothelial cells. JAM2 functions as an adhesive ligand for interacting with various immune cell types, and may have a role in lymphocyte homing to secondary lymphoid organs.

HAX1 associates with hematopoietic cell-specific Lyn substrate 1, which is a substrate of Src family tyrosine kinases. HAX1 also interacts with the product of the polycystic kidney disease 2 gene, mutations in which are associated with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease, and with the F-actin-binding protein, cortactin. It was earlier thought HAX1 is mainly localized to the mitochondria, however, recent studies indicate it to be localized in the cell body. Mutations in the HAX1 gene result in autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia, aka Kostmann disease.

Neudesin Neurotrophic Factor (NENF) is a member of the cytochrome b5 family, MAPR subfamily. NENF contains 1 cytochrome b5 heme-binding domain. NENF exhibits neurotrophic activity and activates phosphorylation of MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and AKT1/AKT in primary cultured neurons. NENF doesn’t have mitogenic activity in primary cultured astrocytes. NENF may play a part in neuronal differentiation and may have a transient influence on neural cell proliferation in neural precursor cells. NENF neurotrophic activity is increased by binding to heme. NENF is up-regulated in immortal cells and induced in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer expressing progesterone receptor.

BAG3 Inhibits the chaperone activity of HSP70/HSC70 by promoting substrate release. BAG3 has anti-apoptotic activity. BAG proteins participate with Hip for their binding to Hsc70/Hsp70 ATPase domain and encourage substrate release. BAG proteins have about 45 amino acid BAG domain close to the C terminus however they differ noticeably in their N-terminal regions. BAG3 includes a WW domain in the N-terminal region and a BAG domain in the C-terminal region. The BAG domains of BAG1, BAG2, and BAG3 interact particularly with the Hsc70 ATPase domain in vitro and in mammalian cells. They bind with high affinity to the ATPase domain of Hsc70 and inhibit its chaperone activity in a Hip-repressible manner. BAG3 plays a role as a protein-refolding cochaperone of the bcl2 binding protein BAG family and as upregulated in response to persistent stress of cellular calcium balance dysregulation. BAG3 has been shown to diminish stress-induced apoptosis.

BIRC7 is a part of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family and contains a single copy of a baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) as well as a RING-type zinc finger domain. The BIR domain is necessary for inhibitory activity & cooperates with caspases, while the RING finger domain sometimes increases anti-apoptotic activity but doesn’t inhibit apoptosis by itself. 2 transcript variants encoding diverse isoforms have been found for this gene. The 2 isoforms have dissimilar antiapoptotic characteristics, with isoform a protecting cells from apoptosis induced by staurosporine and isoform b defending cells from apoptosis induced by etoposide.
BIRC7 has direct contact with several caspases together with caspase-3, caspase-7, & caspase –9. BIRC7 inhibits the activation of caspase-9 induced by Apaf-1, cytochrome c, and dATP.

Murine IL-36a belongs to the IL-1 family that includes IL-1b, IL-1a, IL-1ra, IL-18, IL-36ra (IL1F5), IL-36b (IL1F8), IL-36g (IL1F9), IL-37 (IL1F7) and IL-38 (IL-1F10). The IL-1 family members display a 12 b-strand, b-trefoil configuration, and are thought to have ascended from a mutual ancestral gene. Murine IL-36a is a 160 amino acid intracellular and secreted protein which holds no signal sequence, no prosegment and no potential N-linked glycosylation sites. IL-36a is released as a reaction to LPS and the cell ATP-induced activation of the P2X7 receptor.
Mouse to human, full length IL-36a/IL-1F6 shares 54% aa sequence homology. IL-36a is mostly found in skin and lymphoid tissues, but also in fetal brain, trachea, stomach and intestine.

CD200 Mouse Recombinant produced in Baculovirus is a single, glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 210 amino acids (31-232aa) and having a molecular mass of 23.5kDa. CD200 is fused to an 8 amino acid His-Tag at C-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

P450 Oxidoreductase, also known as POR is a flavoprotein which contributes electrons to all microsomal P450 enzymes. POR is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it is also capable of transfering electrons to heme oxygenase as well as cytochrome b5. POR is structurally related to two separate flavoprotein families; first one is ferredoxin nucleotide reductase and the second flavodoxin.

Adenosine deaminase CECR1 isoform (CECR1) belongs to a family of adenosine deaminase-related growth factors. Adenosine deaminase is a key enzyme of purine nucleotide metabolism. CECR1 is a secreted protein, which is expressed in various tissues, with the highest expression in the lymphoblasts, heart, lung, and the placenta.

Procalcitonin is a peptide hormone mainly produced by the C cells of the thyroid and certain endocrine cells of the lung. Under normal expression conditions, procalcitonin is immediately cleaved into three specific fragments, an N terminal residue, calcitonin and katacalcin. Levels of unprocessed procalcitonin rise significantly after bacterial infection, trauma or shock.

VCAM1 is a member of the Ig superfamily. It is a cell surface sialoglycoprotein expressed by cytokine activated endothelium. VCAM-1 contains 6 or 7 immunoglobulin domains, and is expressed on both large and small vessels only after the endothelial cells are stimulated by cytokines. The protein has a number of functions including the regulation of leukocyte migration, leukocyte endothelial cell adhesion and signal transduction and may play a role in a number of inflammatory diseases (artherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis).

BAG1 binds to BCL2 and is also called BCL2-associated athanogene. BAG1 increases the anti-apoptotic effects of BCL2 and is characterizes as a link between growth factor receptors and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. BAG1 inhibits the chaperone activity of HSP70/HSC70 by promoting substrate release. BAG1 inhibits the pro-apoptotic function of PPP1R15A, and has anti-apoptotic activity. BAG1 enhances the anti-cell death function of BCL2 induced by various stimuli.

BTLA, also known as B & T Lymphocyte Associated, is an inhibitory molecule which is part of the Ig superfamily. BTLA is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein in the CD28 family of T cell costimulatory molecules. BTLA is a 3rd inhibitory receptor on T lymphocytes with resemblances to CTLA-4 & PD-1. Moreover, BTLA is a ligand for TNF (receptor) superfamily, TNFRSF14, and HVEM. BTLA-HVEM complexes negatively regulate T-cell immune responses.

GIMAP6 is a member of the GTPases of immunity-associated proteins (GIMAP) family. GIMAP proteins contain GTP-binding and coiled-coil motifs, and may play roles in the regulation of cell survival. Decreased expression of this gene may play a role in non-small cell lung cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, which is found in a cluster with seven additional GIMAP genes on the long arm of chromosome 7.

Coproporphyrinogen Oxidase (CPOX) which is localized to the internal membrane space of erythrocytes takes part in the 6th phase of heme biosynthesis. CPOX catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of propionic acid side chains of rings A and B of coproporphyrinogen III. Mutations in human CPOX gene forecast the clinical result of the disease, with either hepatic hereditary coproporphyria or hematological manifestations of erythropoietic harderoporphyria.

The SARS CoV-2 3CL protease (C30 Endopeptidase) derived from human SARS-CoV-2 is a C30-type cysteine protease situated in the NS3 segment. SARS CoV-2 3CL protease biological functionality is needed to process viral polyproteins to functional complete units. SARS CoV-2 3CL protease (main protease) is the core protease protein in CoV and corresponds to non-structural protein 5. SARS CoV-2 3CL cleaves the CoV polyprotein at 11 locations. SARS CoV-2 3CL protease has a cysteine-histidine catalytic dyad at its active site and cleaves a Gln–(Ser/Ala/Gly) peptide bond. SARS CoV-2 3CL protease at position P1 cleaves the bond between the glutamine and serine/alanine/glycine. SARS CoV-2 3CL protease is necessary in the processing of the CoV replicase polyprotein.

AIMP1 (EMPA2 or p43) is a cytokine that is specifically induced by apoptosis, and it is involved in the control of angiogenesis, inflammation, and wound healing. The release of the AIMP1 cytokine renders the tumor-associated vasculature sensitive to tumor necrosis factor. Furthermore, AIMP1 is involved in the stimulation of inflammatory responses after proteolytic cleavage in tumor cells.

"Epiregulin is part of the EGF family. Epiregulin functions as a ligand of EGFR, as well as a ligand of most members of the ERBB (v-erb-b2 oncogene homolog) family of tyrosine-kinase receptors.Epiregulin is expressed mostly in the placenta and peripheral blood leukocytes and in specific carcinomas of the bladder, lung, kidney and colon. Epiregulin stimulates the proliferation of keratinocytes, hepatocytes, fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. Epiregulin inhibits the growth of several tumor-derived epithelial cell lines. Human Epiregulin is initially synthesized as a glycosylated 19.0 kDa transmembrane precursor protein, which is processed by proteolytic cleavage to produce a 6.0 kDa mature secreted sequence."