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Kallikrein-3 (KLK3) belongs to the kallikrein-related peptidase family. Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having various physiological functions. Numerous kallikreins are involved in carcinogenesis and some may be prospective cancer and other disease biomarkers. Kallikrein-3 is 1 of the 15 kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19 and is a protease present in seminal plasma. KLK3 hydrolyzes semenogelin-1 consequently leading to the liquefaction of the seminal coagulum. KLK3 is assumed to act normally in the liquefaction of seminal coagulum, probably by hydrolysis of the high molecular mass seminal vesicle protein. Serum level of the KLK3 protein, called PSA in the clinical setting, is beneficial in the diagnosis and monitoring of prostatic carcinoma.

CCL28 is part of the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. CCL28 shows chemotactic activity for resting CD4 or CD8 T cells and eosinophils. CCL28 binds to chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR10. CCL28 is involved in the physiology of extracutaneous epithelial tissues, including diverse mucosal organs. CCL28 mediates mucosal immunity in HIV exposure and infection. CCL28 is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases.
Human CCL28 cDNA encodes a 127 amino acid residue precursor protein with a putative 22 amino acid residue signal peptide that is cleaved to produce the 105 amino acid residue mature protein. Human and mouse CCL28 are highly conserved, sharing 83% amino acid identity in their mature regions. CCL28 shares the most homology with CCL27/CTACK. Human and mouse CCL28 RNA expression was found to be highest in normal and pathologic colon with the protein being expressed by epithelial cells. Human CCL28 RNA was also present in normal and asthmatic lung tissues.

POU5F1 is a homeodomain transcription factor of the POU family, expressed in embryonic stem (ES) cells and embryonic carcinoma (EC) cells.POU5F1 is significantly involved in the signaling pathway for maintaining self-renewal and pluripotency of ES cells. POU5F1 has 2 distinct DNA binding domains which independently bind half-sites of the canonical octamer motif. This flexibility allows POU5F1 to bind with distinct DNA motifs by forming heterodimers with other transcription factors or by forming homodimers in several conformations. Human POU5F1 contains a 75aa POU specific (POUS) domain and a 60aa POU-Homeo-(POUH) domain connected by a linker region. The Human POU5F1 specifically interacts with Octamer motif ATGCAAAT. In addition, 2 proline-rich domains in the N-terminal and C-terminal regions are vital for POU5F1 transactivation. POU5F1 regulates a number of target genes and has been shown to work jointly with other transcription factors including Sox2 as well as Nanog to sustain stem cell potency and self-renewal.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase 16 (STK16) is a membrane-associated protein kinase which phosphorylates on serine and threonine residues. STK16 is involved in secretory vesicle trafficking or intracellular signaling. Furthermore, the STK16 protein may have a role in regulating stromal-epithelial interactions which occur during ductal morphogenesis in the mammary gland. STK16 can autophosphorylate on Tyr residue; it is however unclear whether STK16 has tyrosine-protein kinase toward other proteins. STK16 may also be involved in TGF-beta signaling.

Epiregulin is part of the EGF family. Epiregulin functions as a ligand of EGFR, as well as a ligand of most members of the ERBB (v-erb-b2 oncogene homolog) family of tyrosine-kinase receptors.Epiregulin is expressed mostly in the placenta and peripheral blood leukocytes and in specific carcinomas of the bladder, lung, kidney and colon. Epiregulin stimulates the proliferation of keratinocytes, hepatocytes, fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. Epiregulin inhibits the growth of several tumor-derived epithelial cell lines. Human Epiregulin is initially synthesized as a glycosylated 19.0 kDa transmembrane precursor protein, which is processed by proteolytic cleavage to produce a 6.0 kDa mature secreted sequence.

DNA/RNA-binding protein KIN17 (KIN17) is a nuclear protein which constructs intranuclear foci for the duration of proliferation and is reallocated in the nucleoplasm during the cell cycle. KIN17 is ubiqutiously expressed having the highest levels of expression in the muscle, heart and testis. SV40- altered fibroblasts overexpress KIN17, which interacts with Large T antigen and decreases T-antigen-dependent DNA replication.

Protein Kinase CAMP-Dependent Catalytic Beta (PRKACB) belongs to the Ser/Thr protein kinase family and is a catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. cAMP is a signaling molecule imperative for various cellular functions. cAMP activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which transduces the signal by way of phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive kinase holoenzyme is a tetramer composed of 2 regulatory and 2 catalytic subunits. cAMP triggers the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to 4 cAMP and 2 free monomeric catalytic subunits. PRKACB mediates cAMP-dependent signaling initiated by receptor binding to GPCRs. PKA activation regulates various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, the cell cycle, differentiation and regulation of microtubule dynamics, chromatin condensation and decondensation, nuclear envelope disassembly and reassembly, in addition to regulation of intracellular transport mechanisms and ion flux. PRKACB regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits via phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subunits, leading to their consequent proteolysis.

Cellular nucleic acid-binding protein (CNBP) is a nucleic-acid binding protein with seven zinc-finger domains, which has a preference for binding single stranded DNA and RNA. CNBP serves in cap-independent translation of ornithine decarboxylase mRNA, and also in sterol-mediated transcriptional regulation. The expansion of A CCTG in CNBP protein’s first intron results in myotonic dystrophy type 2.

CD70 also known as TNFSF7 is a cytokine which binds to CD27. TNFSF7 takes part in T-cell activation as well as induces the proliferation of costimulated T-cells. Moreover, TNFSF7 enhances the generation of cytolytic T-cells. Among the diseases which are associated with TNFSF7: Include acute myocarditis & Myocarditis.

Histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HARS) functions to catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNAs by their corresponding amino acids. HARS is a member of the class II family of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. HARS is responsible for the synthesis of histidyl-transfer RNA, which is vital for the incorporation of histidine into proteins. HARS is a frequent target of autoantibodies in the human autoimmune disease polymyositis/dermatomyositis.

E-selectin which is also called Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1, ELAM1, ELAM belongs to a family of divalent cation-dependent carbohydrate-binding glycoproteins or adhesion molecules. Eselectin is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and mediates the interaction of leukocytes and platelets with endothelial cells during an inflammatory response. E-selectin is present in single copy in the human genome and contains 14 exons spanning about 13 kb of DNA.

LSM5 also known as LSM5 Homolog, U6 Small Nuclear RNA Associated belongs to the Sm protein family. This family is identified in a variety of organisms based on sequence homology. Sm-like proteins contain the Sm sequence motif, which consists of 2 regions separated by a linker of variable length which folds as a loop. In addition, the Sm-like proteins are thought to create a stable heteromer present in tri-snRNP particles, which are important for pre-mRNA splicing. Among the diseases associated with LSM5 are spinal muscular atrophy, and muscular atrophy.

CDKN1A holds a key part in the cellular response to DNA mutation. CDKN1A overexpression causes cell cycle to stop. When collaborating with CDK2 complexes, CDKN1A aids to prevent kinase activity and inhibits progression through G1/S. Nevertheless, CDKN1A can additionally increase assembly and activity in complexes of CDK4 or CDK6 and cyclin D. CDKN1A is a vital intermediary by which p53/TP53 facilitates its part as an inhibitor of cellular proliferation as a reaction to DNA impairment.

TRAIL Receptor-4 Human Recombinant or TNFRSF10D, is part of the TNF-receptor superfamily. TNFRSF10D has atruncated cytoplasmic death domai , an extracellular TRAIL-binding domain and a transmembrane domain. The protein can prevent from TRAIL-mediated apoptosis on cells with TRAIL R1 and/or TRAIL R2.

g-synuclein(Originally known as a breast cancer specific gene product, BCSG1) is an acidic neuronal protein of 127 amino acids. Gamma-Synuclein is a member of the Synuclein protein family, which is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. High levels of Gamma-Synuclein have been found in advanced breast carcinomas suggesting a correlation between overexpression of SNCG and breast tumor development. Synuclein-Gamma is found mostly in the peripheral nervous system (in primary sensory neurons, sympathetic neurons, and motor neurons) and retina. SNCG is also identified in the brain, ovarian tumors, and in the olfactory epithelium. SNCG expression in breast tumors is a marker for tumor progression. A modification in the expression of gamma-synuclein has been detected in the retina of Alzheimer's patients.

Trypsin inhibitor SPINK1 is secreted from pancreatic acinar cells into pancreatic fluid. SPINK1 has a role in inhibition of trypsin-catalyzed premature initiation of zymogens in the pancreas and the pancreatic duct. Alterations in SPINK1 gene are the cause for tropical calcific and pancreatitis hereditary pancreatitis.

Recombinant Human Lipocalin-2 also called Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) belongs to a family of lipocans which include 25 proteins (including a1-microglobulin and b-lactoglobulin), which are characterized by their ability to bind small lipophilic substances in their hydrophobic core.
They thereby serve as transporters of substances like retinal, biliverdins & prostaglandins. There are indications that NGAL is involved in modulation of the inflammatory response and is found in the plasma of patients after stroke.

PAX9 (Paired box protein Pax-9) belongs to the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. Members of PAX9 family typically contain a paired box domain, an octapeptide, and a paired-type homeodomain. These genes play critical roles during fetal development and cancer growth. In addition, PAX9 is vital for the development of different organs and skeletal elements.

GADD45G is part of the nuclear proteins to interact with various proteins whose transcript levels are raised after stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents. GADD45G reacts to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway which is mediated through their protein binding and activating MTK1/MEKK4 kinase, which is an upstream activator of both p38 and JNK MAPKs. GADD45G acts as a new-age tumor suppressor however is being frequently inactivated epigenetically in multiple tumors. GADD45G mRNA expression is down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma. GADD45G causes cell cycle arrest at G2/M transition when transfected into Hep-G2 cells. GADD45 Gamma induction by androgens involves new protein synthesis. Overexpression of GADD45 Gamma inhibits cell growth and causes morphological modifications in prostate cell lines thus GADD45 gamma takes part in differentiation induction by androgens.

ABRACL is a member of the costars family, ABRACL belongs to a new family of low molecularweight proteins, which is presented only in eukaryotes, and is absent in fungi.ABRA C-terminal like is a protein-coding gene.

Transcription factor MafG (MAFG) is a member of the Maf family. Given that they lack a putative transactivation domain, the small Mafs act as transcriptional repressors when they dimerize amongst themselves. Nevertheless, they seem to function as transcriptional activators by dimerizing with other (generally larger) basic-zipper proteins and engaging them to specific DNA-binding sites. Small Maf proteins heterodimerize with Fos and may function as competitive repressors of the NF-E2 transcription factor.

Leukocyte Cell Derived Chemotaxin 1 (214-333 a.a.), also known as LECT1, is a glycosylated transmembrane protein which is cleaved to form a mature, secreted protein. The mature protein encourages chondrocyte growth and inhibits angiogenesis. The mature protein takes part in endochondral bone development by permitting cartilaginous anlagen to be vascularized and replaced by bone. LECT1 is expressed in the avascular area of prehypertrophic cartilage and its expression reduces during vascular invasion and chondrocyte hypertrophy.

4-1BBL is a transmembrane cytokine that is part of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. 4-1BBL is a bidirectional signal transducer that performs as a ligand for TNFRSF9, which is a costimulatory receptor molecule in T lymphocytes. TNFSF9 and its TNFRSF9 take part in the antigen presentation development and in the generation of cytotoxic T cells. 4-1BBR is absent from resting T lymphocytes but rapidly expressed upon antigenic stimulation. TNFSF9 reactivates anergic T lymphocytes as well as promoting T lymphocyte proliferation. 4-1BB Ligand is needed for the optimal CD8 responses in CD8 T cells. 4-1BBL is expressed in carcinoma cell lines, and is thought to be involved in T cell-tumor cell interaction. 4-1BBL is expressed by activated B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, activated T cells, neurons and astrocytes. The interaction of 4-1BB with TNFRSF9 strongly regulates immunity and has been proposed to preferentially control T cell responses based on studies in various murin