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Fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF-13) is a member of the large FGF family which has at least 23 members. Most of its members are binding growth factors with a core 120 amino acid (aa) FGF domain which allows for a mutual tertiary structure. Human and mouse FGF13 are 245 aa proteins which arise from genes that show N-terminal alternative splicing. Transcripts for 245 aa, 199 aa, 226 aa, 192 aa and 255 aa have been identified in human and mouse, with almost complete cross-species aa identity among all splice forms (greater than 98%). FGF13 is identified in the fetal ependyma, dorsal root and cranial ganglia, both atrial and ventricular myocardium, and in renal collecting duct-associated mesenchyme.

CBX1 is an enriched heterochromatin which belongs to the heterochromatin protein family. The centromeres related CBX1 identifies and binds histone H3 tails methylated at 'Lys-9', causing epigenetic repression. Collaboration with lamin B receptor (LBR) can impact the relations between the heterochromatin and the inner nuclear membrane. CBX1 has a vital part in the epigenetic control of chromatin structure and gene expression.

CCS is vital for the integration of copper into SOD-1, and as a result is needed for its enzymatic activity. CCS inhibits copper ions from binding to intracellular copper scavengers and provides the SOD-1 enzyme with the required copper cofactor. CCS escorts copper just to SOD-1 and is unable to deliver copper to proteins in the mitochondria, nucleus or secretory pathway. Although many tissues express CCS, the chaperone is most abundant in the kidney, liver and Purkinje cells in the neuropil of the central nervous system.

gAcrp30 globular protein, exists as a result of proteolytic processing of adiponectin. Adiponectin is manufactured and secreted solely by adipocytes, and is a highly obtained plasma protein, accounting for up to 0.05% of total serum protein. Similar to Adiponectin, gAcrp30 is able of lowering hyperglycemia and reversing INS resistance. In addition, gAcrp30 is an significant protein that is involved in promoting fat loss by signaling muscle to absorb and burn Free-Fatty Acids. AdipoR1 & AdipoR2 are the 2 signaling receptors for adiponectin and gAcrp30 that were recently been identified.

KLRC3 belongs to the NKG2 group that can be found mostly in natural killer (NK) cells and encodes a family of transmembrane proteins known for their C-type lectin domain and their type II membrane orientation (extracellular C terminus). The NKG2 gene family is situated inside the NK complex, a region which has quite a few C-type lectin genes mostly expressed on NK cells.

Leucine zipper down-regulated in cancer 1-like (LDOC1L) is a member of the LDOC1 family. LDOC1L is a nuclear protein containing a leucine zipper-like motif and a proline-rich region that shares noticeable similarity with an SH3-binding domain. LDOC1L localizes to the nucleus and is downregulated in certain cancer cell lines. LDOC1L is believed to regulate the transcriptional response mediated by the nuclear factor kB (NFkB).

PRMT3, also known as protein arginine N-methyltransferase 3, is a member of the protein arginine methyltransferase family. PRMT3 catalyzes the methylation of guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues of proteins. PRMT3 operates on 40S ribosomal protein S2 ,rpS2, which is the major in-vivo substrate, additionally PRMT3 is also involved in the proper maturation of the 80S ribosome.

Eosinophil lysophospholipase (CLC) acts on biological membranes to regulate the multifunctional lysophospholipids. CLC is a lysophospholipase expressed in eosinophils and basophils. CLC hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine to glycerophosphocholine and a free fatty acid. The CLC protein may possess carbohydrate or IgE-binding activities. CLC is both structurally and functionally related to the galectin family of beta-galactoside binding proteins. CLC may be linked with inflammation and some myeloid leukemias.

Vaspin (visceral adipose-specific SERPIN) is a newly identified adipokine, which is a member of serine protease inhibitor family. Vaspin is also a unique insulin sensitizing adipocytokine in obesity. A recent publication indicates that induction of human vaspin mRNA expression in adipose tissue is regulated in a fat depot-specific manner and could be associated with parameters of obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose metabolism.

RAB3B which belongs to the RAS oncogene family is an extremely homologous monomeric GTPase that takes part in endocytosis and biosynthetic protein transport. The transport of recently synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to several stacks of the Golgi complex and to secretory vesicles includes in every phase the movement of carrier vesicles.

RAC3 belongs to the Rac subfamily of the Rho small G proteins. RAC3 is a small (approximately 21kDa) monomeric GTP-binding protein, which is an important component of intracellular signaling pathway, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases.

Cellular Repressor of E1A-Stimulated Genes 1 (CREG1) both activates and inhibits gene expression to stimulate cellular proliferation and hinder differentiation. CREG1 antagonizes transcriptional activation and cellular transformation by E1A. CREG1 shares partial sequence similarity with E1A and binds both the general transcription factor TBP and the tumor suppressor pRb in vitro. CREG1 contributes to the transcriptional control of cell growth and differentiation.

Zinc Finger, CCHC Domain Containing 12 (ZCCHC12) which holds 1 CCHC-type zinc finger is a part of the ZCCHC12 family. ZCCHC12 takes part in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-signaling pathway as a transcriptional coactivator. BMP signaling is positively modulated as a result of the interaction between ZCCHC12 with SMAD1 and the association with CBP in the transcription complex.

C-Src Tyrosine Kinase, also known as CSK, regulates cell growth, migration, differentiation, and immune response. CSK Phosphorylates tyrosine residues located in the C-terminal tails of Src-family kinases. CSK is a protein coding gene which suppresses signaling by several surface receptors. Among CSK's related pathways are PI-3K cascade and Signaling by FGFR.

Cystatins are a superfamily of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in both plants and animals. They comprise a group of proteinase inhibitors, widely distributed in tissues and body fluids, and form tight complexes with cysteine proteases such as cathepsin B, H, L and S. Cystatin C, a secreted molecule of this family, is of interest from biochemical, medicine and evolutionary points of view. Cystatin C, with molecular weight of 13260 Da, is composed of 120 amino acids, lacks carbohydrate and has two disulfide bridges located near the carboxyl terminus. Cystatin C is increased in patients with malignant diseases, and is related to the insufficiency of renal function and appears to be a better marker than creatinine. On the other hand, low levels of cystatin C involve cause the breakdown of the elastic laminae and, subsequently, the atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Cystatins are a superfamily of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in both plants and animals. They comprise a group of proteinase inhibitors, widely distributed in tissues and body fluids, and form tight complexes with cysteine proteases such as cathepsin B, H, L and S. Cystatin C, a secreted molecule of this family, is of interest from biochemical, medicine and evolutionary points of view. Cystatin C, with molecular weight of 13260 Da, is composed of 120 amino acids, lacks carbohydrate and has two disulfide bridges located near the carboxyl terminus. Cystatin C is increased in patients with malignant diseases, and is related to the insufficiency of renal function and appears to be a better marker than creatinine. On the other hand, low levels of cystatin C involve cause the breakdown of the elastic laminae and, subsequently, the atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Adiponectin is an important negative regulator in hematopoiesis and immune systems. It may be involved in ending inflammatory responses through its inhibitory functions. Inhibits endothelial nf-kappa-b signaling through a camp-dependent pathway. Inhibits tnf-alpha- induced expression of endothelial adhesion molecules. Involved in the control of fat metabolism and insulin sensitivity.

Adiponectin is a recently discovered 244 amino acid protein, the product of the apM1 gene, which is physiologically active and specifically and highly expressed in adipose cells (Adipokine). The protein belongs to the soluble defense collagen super family; it has a collagen-like domain structurally homologous with collagen VIII and X and complement factor C1q-like globular domain. APM-1 forms homotrimers, which are the building blocks for higher order complexes found circulating in serum.

Collagen triple helix repeat-containing protein 1 or CTHRC1 acts as a negative regulator of collagen matrix deposition. The protein is secreted from a 28kDa protein which is glycosylated and very conserved from lower chordates to mammals. CTHRC1 is found qualitatively in plasma of healthy human subjects. CTHRC1 plasma levels are also significantly elevated during pregnancy, in diabetes, in inflammatory and infectious conditions, in subjects with acute myeloid leukemia but not in subjects with solid cancers.CTHRC1 is highly connected with calcified tissues and cartilaginous matrix, but not with endothelial cells.

Methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 (SEPX1 or MSRB1), is a selenoprotein that contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue at its active site. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that usually signals translation termination. SEPX1 is a member of the methionine sulfoxide reductase B (MsrB) family, and is expressed in an assortment of adult and fetal tissues. MSRs (Methionine sulfoxide reductases) catalyze the reduction of free and protein-bound methionine sulfoxides to corresponding methionines. The oxidation of methionine by ROS creates a diastereomeric mixture of methionine-S-sulfoxide (Met-S-SO) and methionine-R-sulfoxide (Met-R-SO). Two separate enzyme families evolved for reduction of these sulfoxides, with methionine-S-sulfoxide reductase (MsrA) being stereospecific for Met-S-SO and methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase (MsrB) for Met-R-SO.

HPCAL1, participates in neuron-specific calcium-binding proteins family found in the retina and brain. HPCAL1 is extremely comparable to human hippocalcin protein and almost equal to the rat and mouse hippocalcin like-1 proteins. HPCAL1 takes part in the calcium-dependent regulation of rhodopsin phosphorylation and can have importance in neuronal signalling in the central nervous system.

NCF1 is a cytosolic subunit protein of neutrophil NADPH oxidase which a
Multi-component enzyme that is activates production of superoxide anion. NCF1, along with NCF2 and a membrane bound cytochrome b558, is necessary for activation of the latent NADPH oxidase necessary for superoxide production. Mutations in this NCF1 have been related with chronic granulomatous disease.

EFNA3 belongs to the ephrin (EPH) family. The ephrins and EPH-related receptors include thelargest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases which have been implicated in mediating developmental events, especially in the nervous system and in erythropoiesis. Ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, based on their structures and sequence relationships. The Ephrins from the EFNA class are anchored to the membrane by aglycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, while the others from the EFNB class are transmembrane proteins.

Ephrin-B3 (EFNB3) which belongs to the ephrin gene family is essential in brain development as well as in its maintenance. EFNB3 binds to, and induces the collapse of, commissural axons/growth cones in vitro. EFNB3 loosely binds Eph receptors located on bordering cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The EPH and EPH-related receptors comprise the largest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases and are implicated in mediating developmental events, mostly in the nervous system.