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Colloidal gold is liquid form colloid nanoparticles of gold in a water. The colloidal gold color is dependent of the particle size, below 100 nm gives a is deep purple red color due to the spherical nanoparticles. Colloid gold is crucial for research due to its unique properties such as electronic charge, Mw and optical properties. Colloid gold is used in biomedical devices, electron microscopy and nanotechnology.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of GDF7 Protein?
GDF7 Protein has a total Mw of 28kDa.

What is the source or expression system of GDF7 Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of GDF7 Protein?
GDF7 Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of GDF7 Protein?
The ED50, as determined by inducing alkaline phosphatase production by mouse ATDC5 cells, is less than 1.25µg/ml.

What is the amino acid sequence of GDF7 Protein?
TALAGTRTAQ GSGGGAGRGH GRRGRSRCSR KPLHVDFKEL GWDDWIIAPL DYEAYHCEGL CDFPLRSHLE PTNHAIIQTL LNSMAPDAAP ASCCVPARLS PISILYIDAA NNVVYKQYED MVVEACGCR.

What applications can GDF7 Protein be used in?
GDF7 Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for GDF7 Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, GDF7 Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein?
FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 31.5kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein?
FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein?
The activity is determined by the ability to neutralize ACTV inhibitory effect of mouse MPC-11 cells. The expected ED50 is 100-400ng/ml, corresponding to a Specific Activity of 2,500-10,000units/mg in the presence of 7.5ng/ml ACTV A.

What is the amino acid sequence of FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein?
The sequence of the first five N-terminal amino acids was determined and was found to be Gly-Asn-Cys-Trp-Leu.

What applications can FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein be used in?
FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FOLLISTATIN HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

Before it was discovered in 2000, there was a hypothesis that a similar type of protein existed that performed many of the functions we see in FGF23. This was originally referred to as phosphatonin. Various effects were described and noted by researchers including inhibition of production and inhibition of secretion of parathyroid hormone. Derived from the bone Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 is a phosphaturic hormone. It increases phosphate excretion when acting on the kidney and also suppresses the biosynthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3.

Mechanism
Despite various research studies into the topic, many of the mechanisms for the regulations of FGF23 production remain a mystery to the scientific community. While we know that mutations in PHEX, ENPP1 and DMP1 result in the increased expression of FGF23, it is unclear why this occurs. This also means that currently, it is not possible to regulate the production of FGF23 either. We also do not know how signals from FGF23 regulate vitamin D metabolism. However, understanding these types of mechanisms could offer information needed to provide better treatment for deranged bone and mineral metabolism.

Interactions
Molecular interactions involving FGF-23, vitamin D and klotho do provide the solution needed to regulate phosphate levels within the body. Furthermore, an interaction between Vitamin D and FGF3 can have an impact on renal phosphate balance. As well as this, when in the presence of klotho, FGF3 does actually increase bioactivity and begins to change systemic phosphate homeostasis.

Function
Based on research it seems that the main function for FGF23 is the regulation of phosphate concentration in plasma. It seems to be secreted from the osteocytes due to elevated levels . When acting upon the kidneys, the hormone reduces the expression of NPT2. This is a sodium-phosphate cotransporter found in the proximal tube.
As such, it appears as though FGF23 is able to reduce the reabsorption, all the while maxing the excretion of phosphate. It has also been suggested that the hormone is able to suppress 1-alpha-hydroxylase. If this is the case, it can limit its potential to activate vitamin D and thus impair the ability for calcium absorption.

Structure
FGF243 is located on the chromosome 12. It is composed of three exons. The crystal structure of FGF23 is completely different from the common conformation typically adopted by paracrine-acting FGFs. Instead, there is a conformation of the HPR region between beta strands 10 and 12. As well as this, there is a cleft between the other HPR-binding region, the beta1-beta12 loop and this one. This comes before a direct interaction between HPR sulfate and FGF23s backbone atoms. Due to this, endocrine function is benefitted and HPR-binding affinity is reduced for the lipangs.
Certain mutations that cause the protein to be completely resistant to proteolytic cleavage does trigger a surge in activity of the protein and the renal phosphate loss typically found in certain human diseases including hypophosphatemic rickets.
Studies have also revealed that FGF23 is overproduced in certain tumors including phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors. Furthermore a reduced level of activity for this protein is believed to lead to higher phosphate levels and familial tumor calcinosis clinical syndrome.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of FGF23 HUMAN Protein?
FGF23 HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 22.5kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FGF23 HUMAN Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of FGF23 HUMAN Protein?
FGF23 HUMAN Protein is >95X% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of FGF23 HUMAN Protein?
The biological activity of FGF-23 was measured in a cell proliferation assay using NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The ED50 for this effect is typically 0.05-0.5µg/ml in the presence of 5µg/ml of Recombinant Mouse Klotho and 10 µg/ml of HPR.

What is the amino acid sequence of FGF23 HUMAN Protein?
MYPNASPLLG SSWGGLIHLY TATARNSYHL QIHKNGHVDG APHQTIYSAL MIRSEDAGFV VITGVMSRRY LCMDFRGNIF GSHYFDPENC RFQHQTLENG YDVYHSPQYH FLVSLGRAKR AFLPGMNPPP YSQFLSRRNE IPLIHFNTPI PRRHTRSAED DSERDPLNVL KPRARMTPAP ASCSQELPSA EDNSPMASDP LGVVRGGRVN THAGGTGPEG CRPFAKFI.

What applications can FGF23 HUMAN Protein be used in?
FGF23 HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FGF23 HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FGF23 HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

Illuminating Epidermal Growth Factor Rat Recombinant: Deciphering Cellular Signaling and Therapeutic Potential

Abstract:

This research paper delves into the enigmatic realm of Epidermal Growth Factor Rat Recombinant (EGF-RR), unraveling its intricate molecular attributes, signaling cascades, and therapeutic prospects. By employing cutting-edge methodologies encompassing protein expression, receptor binding assays, and bioinformatics analyses, this study sheds light on the multifaceted interplay between EGF-RR and cellular responses, offering novel avenues for therapeutic interventions.

Introduction:

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is pivotal in cellular regulation. This paper navigates the complexities of Epidermal Growth Factor Rat Recombinant (EGF-RR), focusing on its unique molecular properties and potential therapeutic applications.

Protein Expression and Purification:

The study embarks on precise gene optimization to enhance EGF-RR expression. Purification techniques like affinity chromatography yield purified EGF-RR, primed for subsequent analyses.

Receptor Binding Assays and Ligand Interaction:

Employing advanced receptor binding assays, the paper deciphers EGF-RR's engagement with its cognate receptor. Quantitative assessments uncover binding kinetics, shedding light on the intricacies of EGF-RR's molecular interaction.

Cellular Signaling Pathways and Responses:

In vitro cellular assays unveil the signaling cascades ignited by EGF-RR. Through quantitative phosphoproteomic profiling, the study unravels phosphorylation events triggered by EGF-RR, delineating its role in cellular proliferation, migration, and differentiation.

Bioinformatics Insights and Structural Modeling:

Bioinformatics tools facilitate molecular dynamics simulations, offering insights into EGF-RR's receptor interactions and downstream signaling pathways. Structural modeling captures EGF-RR's conformational changes during signaling cascades.

Therapeutic Implications and Future Prospects:

EGF-RR's intricate signaling dynamics open avenues for therapeutic exploration. Harnessing its potential in wound healing, tissue regeneration, and cancer modulation emerges as a promising avenue for precision medicine.

Challenges and Future Directions:

Challenges, including context-specific responses, beckon further investigation. Future research should delve into cross-talk between signaling pathways and EGF-RR's contributions to diverse disease contexts.

Conclusion:

A fusion of advanced methodologies and visionary insights unveils Epidermal Growth Factor Rat Recombinant as an intriguing subject. Its molecular intricacies and complex cellular interplay ignite prospects for therapeutic breakthroughs, ushering in a new era of precision medicine.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of EGF RAT Protein?
EGF RAT Protein has a total Mw of 6.15kDa.

What is the source or expression system of EGF RAT Protein?
Adult Male Rat Submandibular Glands.

What is the Purity of EGF RAT Protein?
EGF RAT Protein is >99% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of EGF RAT Protein?
The biological functionality of EGF RAT Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of EGF RAT Protein?
EGF RAT Protein is composed from 53 amino acids.

What applications can EGF RAT Protein be used in?
EGF RAT Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for EGF RAT Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, EGF RAT Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of IFI30 HUMAN Protein?
IFI30 HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 22.5kDa.

What is the source or expression system of IFI30 HUMAN Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of IFI30 HUMAN Protein?
IFI30 HUMAN Protein is >90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of IFI30 HUMAN Protein?
The biological functionality of IFI30 HUMAN Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of IFI30 HUMAN Protein?
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSMNAPLVN VTLYYEALCG GCRAFLIREL FPTWLLVMEI LNVTLVPYGN AQEQNVSGRW EFKCQHGEEE CKFNKVEACV LDELDMELAF LTIVCMEEFE DMERSLPLCL QLYAPGLSPD TIMECAMGDR GMQLMHANAQ RTDALQPPHE YVPWVTVNGK PLEDQTQLLT LVCQLYQGK.
What applications can IFI30 HUMAN Protein be used in?
IFI30 HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for IFI30 HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, IFI30 HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of GDF15 MOUSE Protein?
GDF15 MOUSE Protein has a total Mw of 14.9kDa.

What is the source or expression system of GDF15 MOUSE Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of GDF15 MOUSE Protein?
GDF15 MOUSE Protein is >90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of GDF15 MOUSE Protein?
The biological functionality of GDF15 MOUSE Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of GDF15 MOUSE Protein?
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSSAHAHPR DSCPLGPGRC CHLETVQATL EDLGWSDWVL SPRQLQLSMC VGECPHLYRS ANTHAQIKAR LHGLQPDKVP APCCVPSSYT PVVLMHRTDS GVSLQTYDDL VARGCHCA.

What applications can GDF15 MOUSE Protein be used in?
GDF15 MOUSE Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for GDF15 MOUSE Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, GDF15 MOUSE Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR HUMAN,HEK Protein?
HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR HUMAN,HEK Protein has a total Mw of 80kDa.

What is the source or expression system of HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR HUMAN,HEK Protein?
HEK.
What is the Purity of HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR HUMAN,HEK Protein?
HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR HUMAN,HEK Protein is >90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR HUMAN,HEK Protein?
The activity was measured in a cell proliferation assay using 4MBr-5 rhesus monkey epithelial cells (ATCC CCL-208). The EC50 for this effect is typically 20-40ng/ml.
What is the amino acid sequence of HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR HUMAN,HEK Protein?
32-QRKRRNTIHE FKKSAKTTLI KIDPALKIKT KKVNTADQCA NRCTRNKGLP FTCKAFVFDK ARKQCLWFPF NSMSSGVKKE FGHEFDLYEN KDYIRNCIIG KGRSYKGTVS ITKSGIKCQP WSSMIPHEHS FLPSSYRGKD LQENYCRNPR GEEGGPWCFT SNPEVRYEVC DIPQCSEVEC MTCNGESYRG LMDHTESGKI CQRWDHQTPH RHKFLPERYP DKGFDDNYCR NPDGQPRPWC YTLDPHTRWE YCAIKTCADN TMNDTDVPLE TTECIQGQGE GYRGTVNTIW NGIPCQRWDS QYPHEHDMTP ENFKCKDLRE NYCRNPDGSE SPWCFTTDPN IRVGYCSQIP NCDMSHGQDC YRGNGKNYMG NLSQTRSGLT CSMWDKNMED LHRHIFWEPD ASKLNENYCR NPDDDAHGPW CYTGNPLIPW DYCPISRCEG DTTPTIVNLD HPVISCAKTK QLRVVNGIPT RTNIGWMVSL RYRNKHICGG SLIKESWVLT ARQCFPSRDL KDYEAWLGIH DVHGRGDEKC KQVLNVSQLV YGPEGSDLVL MKLARPAVLD DFVSTIDLPN YGCTIPEKTS CSVYGWGYTG LINYDGLLRV AHLYIMGNEK CSQHHRGKVT LNESEICAGA EKIGSGPCEG DYGGPLVCEQ HKMRMVLGVI VPGRGCAIPN RPGIFVRVAY YAKWIHKIIL TYKVPQS-728

What applications can HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR HUMAN,HEK Protein be used in?
HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR HUMAN,HEK Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR HUMAN,HEK Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR HUMAN,HEK Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of GFRA3 HUMAN Protein?
GFRA3 HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 40.7kDa.

What is the source or expression system of GFRA3 HUMAN Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of GFRA3 HUMAN Protein?
GFRA3 HUMAN Protein is >85% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of GFRA3 HUMAN Protein?
The biological functionality of GFRA3 HUMAN Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of GFRA3 HUMAN Protein?
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSDPLPTES RLMNSCLQAR RKCQADPTCS AAYHHLDSCT SSISTPLPSE EPSVPADCLE AAQQLRNSSL IGCMCHRRMK NQVACLDIYW TVHRARSLGN YELDVSPYED TVTSKPWKMN LSKLNMLKPD SDLCLKFAML CTLNDKCDRL RKAYGEACSGPHCQRHVCLR QLLTFFEKAA EPHAQGLLLC PCAPNDRGCG ERRRNTIAPN CALPPVAPNC LELRRLCFSD PLCRSRLVDF QTHCHPMDIL GTCATEQSRC LRAYLGLIGT AMTPNFVSNV NTSVALSCTC RGSGNLQEEC EMLEGFFSHN PCLTEAIAAK MRFHSQLFSQ DWPHPTFAVMAHQNEN

What applications can GFRA3 HUMAN Protein be used in?
GFRA3 HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for GFRA3 HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, GFRA3 HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

Leptin is mainly produced by adipocytes. Leptin’s main part is to regulate long-term energy balance. Leptin is encoded by the LEP gene. Leptin effects mostly on leptin receptors in the cell mambrane of various cells in the human body. The leptin receptor can be found on a various cell types. The leptin receptor is a single-transmembrane-domain type 1 cytokine receptor. leptin levels influence satiety, appetite and triggers behaviours which save energy. High leptin levels are interpreted by the brain that energy reserves are high, whereas low leptin levels means that energy reserves are low, in the process adapting the organism to starvation through a variety of metabolic, neurobiochemical, endocrine and behavioral change.