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Neuroblastoma suppressor of tumorigenicity 1 (NBL1) is a part of the evolutionarily conserved CAN (Cerberus and DAN) family of proteins, which contain a domain resembling the CTCK (C-terminal cystine knot-like) motif found in several signaling molecules. NBL1 is a is a tumor suppressor of neuroblastoma and takes part in preventing cells from entering the final stage (G1/S) of the transformation process. NBL1 is produced in small neurons of the dorsal root ganglion. The expression of NBL1 is triggered by MATH-1.

LIMD2 is a protein-coding gene which holds one LIM zinc-binding domain. LIMD2 is related to illnesses such as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer.

H1N1 is a subtype specie of Influenza A virus. H1N1 Influenza Virus has mutated into various strains such as the Spanish Flustrain, mild humanflu strains, endemic pigstrains, and various strains found in birds. The Influenza A Virus is a globular particle about 100nm in diameter, sheathed in a lipid bilayer derived from the plasma membrane of its host. Studded in the lipid bilayer are two integral membrane proteins some 500 molecules of hemagglutinin ("H") and some 100 molecules of neuraminidase ("N"). Within the lipid bilayer are 3000 molecules of matrix protein and 8 pieces of RNA. Each of the 8 RNA molecules is associated with many copies of a nucleoprotein, several molecules of the three subunits of its RNA polymerase some "non-structural" protein molecules of uncertain function.

Adiponectin is an adipocyte specific secreted protein that circulates in the plasma. It is induced during adipocyte differentiation and its secretion is stimulated by insulin. Mouse adiponectin shares about 83% amino acid identity with that human. Adiponectin plays a role in various physiological processes such as energy homeostasis and obesity. Adiponectin is reduced in obese humans, and decreased level is associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.

IL-36gamma belongs to the IL-1 family which includes IL-1b, IL-1a, IL-1ra, IL-18, IL-36 Ra (IL-1F5), IL-36a (IL-1F6), IL-36b (IL-1F8), IL-37 (IL-1F7) and IL-1F10. ). The IL-1 family members display a 12 b-strand, b-trefoil configuration, and are thought to have ascended from a mutual ancestral gene. IL-36g is an 18-22 kDa, 169aa intracellular and secreted protein which holds no signal sequence, no prosegment and no potential N-linked glycosylation sites. Human IL-36g shares 58%- 69% aa sequence homology with mouse, rat, bovine and equine IL-36g, and 23 - 57% aa sequence homology with other family members. The IL-36g receptor is a mixture of IL-1 Rrp2, mostly located in epithelia and keratinocytes, and the extensively expressed IL-1 RAcP. All IL-36 (a, b and g) activate N F-?B and MAPK pathways in an IL-1 Rrp2 dependent reaction. Additionally, IL-36g induces production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines like CXCL8/IL-8.

Sterile Alpha Motif Domain Containing 13 (SAMD13) is a putative protein interaction module which is present in various proteins involved in numerous biological processes. SAMD13 contains one SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain. The SAM domain, which spreads over around 70 residues, is found in various eukaryotic organisms. SAM domains are known to homo- and hetero-oligomerise, forming multiple self-association constructions and also binding to various non-SAM domain-containing proteins, however with a low affinity constant.

MCEE catalyzes the interconversion of D- and L-methylmalonyl-CoA throughout the degradation of branched chain amino acids, odd chain-length fatty acids, and other metabolites. MCEE protein deficiency is an autosomal recessive inborn error of amino acid metabolism, involving valine, threonine, isoleucine and methionine. This organic aciduria can appear in the neonatal period with life-threatening metabolic acidosis, hyperammonemia, feeding difficulties, pancytopenia and coma.

Protein Phosphatase 2C alpha is a member of the PP2C family of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases. PP2C family members are known to be negative regulators of cell stress response pathways. This phosphatase dephosphorylates, and negatively regulates the activities of, MAP kinases and MAP kinase kinases. It has been shown to inhibit the activation of p38 and JNK kinase cascades induced by environmental stresses. This phosphatase can also dephosphorylate cyclin-dependent kinases, and thus may be involved in cell cycle control. Overexpression of this phosphatase is reported to activate the expression of the tumor suppressor gene TP53/p53, which leads to G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been described. Protein phosphatase 2C(PP2Cα) is a Mn2+- or Mg2+-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase that is essential for regulating cellular stress response in eukaryotes.

Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase 2 (FAAH2) shares a conserved protein motif with the amidase signature family of enzymes. FAAH2 catalyzes the hydrolysis of a broad range of bioactive lipids, including those from the 3 main classes of fatty acid amides; N-acylethanolamines, fatty acid primary amides and N-acyl amino acids. FAAH2 is also degrades bioactive fatty acid amides to their corresponding acids, thus helping to end the signaling functions of these molecules. FAAH2 prefers monounsaturated acyl chains as a substrate.

BCA-1 is a CXC chemokine that is highly expressed in thesecondary lymphoid organs, such as follicles of the spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. CXCL13 promotes the migration of B lymphocytes (compared to T cells and macrophages), by stimulating calcium influx into, and chemotaxis of, cells expressing Burkitt's lymphoma receptor 1 (BLR1). BCA1 therefore function in the homing of B lymphocytes to follicles. Human BCA-1 shares a 64% amino acid sequence similarity with the mouse protein and 23 - 34% amino acid sequence identity with other known CXC chemokines. Recombinant or chemically synthesized BCA1 is a potent chemoattractant for B lymphocytes but not T lymphocytes, monocytes or neutrophils. BLR1, a G protein-coupled receptor originally isolated from Burkitt’s lymphoma cells, has now been shown to be the specific receptor for BCA1. Among cells of the hematopoietic lineages, the expression of BLR-1, now designated CXCR-5, is restricted to B lymphocytes and a subpopulation of T helper memory cells.

V-set and transmembrane domain containing 2 (VSTM2L) is a novel modulator of HN neuroprotective activity. VSTM2L colocalizes with HN in distinct brain areas as well as in primary cultured neurons, where it plays a part in the modulation of neuronal viability. When tested in HN neuroprotection bioassays, VSTM2L acts as a potent antagonist of HN neuroprotective activity. The VSTM2L protein is the first example of a secreted antagonist of HN and may have a role in the modulation of HN biological functions.

Iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme (ISCU) belongs to the nifU family. Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are required for several mitochondrial enzymes and other subcellular compartment proteins. ISCU interacts with ISCS (a cysteine desulfurase) to sequester inorganic sulfur for Fe-S cluster assembly. The ISCU-ISCS protein complex localizes in both mitochondria and cytosol, implying that Fe-S cluster assembly occurs in multiple subcellular compartments in mammalian cells.

ABHD14B is a member of the AB hydrolase superfamily. ABHD14B has an alpha/beta hydrolase fold - a catalytic domain found in a large number of enzymes. In molecular biology, the alpha/beta hydrolase fold is common to a number of hydrolytic enzymes of broad differing phylogenetic source and catalytic function. The Ab hydrolase domain containing gene subfamily includes 15 mostly uncharacterized members. ABHD14B has hydrolase activity with p-nitrophenyl butyrate (in vitro) and is able to activate transcription.

Osteopontin is a glycoprotein that was first identified in osteoblasts and is involved in bone remodeling, immune functions in fibroblasts, macrophages, and lymphocytes during inflammation and wound healing. SPP1 binds tightly to hydroxyapatite. SPP1 forms an integral part of the mineralized matrix. SPP1 is vital to cell-matrix interaction.
Secreted Phosphoprotein-1 protects against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury via late preconditioning. Expression of both Ostepontin and CD44 in hepatocellular carcinoma is linked with advanced tumor stage and contributes to prognosis information. SPP1 is the most over-expressed gene in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Secreted Phosphoprotein-1 overexpression is related with interstitial lung diseases.

Death effector domain-containing protein (DEDD) is a cytoplasmic protein. The cell death activity of DEDD relates to its nuclear localization. DEDD translocates to the nucleus during CD95-mediated apoptosis, there it localizes to nucleoli-like structures, activates caspase-6 and particularly inhibits RNA polymerase I-dependent transcription. DEDD is usually expressed in a variety of tissues, and found in the highest levels in the testis. Overexpression of DEDD was shown to induce weak apoptosis.

IL-1 alpha is produced by activated macrophages, stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing il-2 release, b-cell maturation and proliferation, and fibroblast growth factor activity. IL1A proteins are involved in the inflammatory response, being identified as endogenous pyrogens, and are reported to stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells.

Dysbindin domain-containing protein 2 (DBNDD2) is a member of the dysbindin family. DBNDD2 regulates the activity of casein kinase-1 and inhibits CSNK1D autophosphorylation (in vitro). DBNDD2 also interacts with CSNK1D and CSNK1E. DBNDD2 is detected in brain.

PDIA6 belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family (PDI). PDIA6 is an enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes or periplasmic space of prokaryotes which catalyzes the formation and breakage of disulfide bonds between cysteine residues within proteins as they fold. PDIA6 functions as a chaperone that inhibits aggregation of misfolded proteins. PDIA6, also has a role in platelet aggregation and activation by agonists such as convulxin, collagen and thrombin.

Folate Hydrolase 1 (Folh1) is a single pass type 2 membrane protein which is expressed mainly in prostate epithelium. Folh1 which is a part of the peptidase M28 family and M28B subfamily has both folate hydrolase and N-acetylated-alpha-linked-acidic dipeptidase activity. Folh1 can be found in urinary bladder, kidney, testis, ovary, stomach, small intestine colon, and the capillary endothelium of various tumors. Therefore, Folh1 plays a role in directed imaging and therapy of recurrent of metastatic disease.

PDIA6 belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family (PDI). PDIA6 is an enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes or periplasmic space of prokaryotes which catalyzes the formation and breakage of disulfide bonds between cysteine residues within proteins as they fold. PDIA6 functions as a chaperone that inhibits aggregation of misfolded proteins. PDIA6, also has a role in platelet aggregation and activation by agonists such as convulxin, collagen and thrombin.

LIN28 is a marker of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells and it increases the productivity of the formation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human fibroblasts. LIN28 acts as a 'translational enhancer and therefore leading specific mRNAs to polysomes and causes an increased protein synthesis. LIN28 binds let-7 pre-miRNA and blocks production of the mature let-7 microRNA in mouse embryonic stem cells.

KCTD15 protein is encoded in humans by the KCTD15 gene. KCTD15 is expressed at a high level in the brain and the hypothalamus. The potassium channel KCTD15 was identified as a genetic loci linked to higher than normal BMI in humans along with genes such as GNPDA2, MTCH2, FTO, and TMEM18. SNPs (Single nucleotide polymorphisms) in non-diabetic and diabetic patients showed that FTO was most strongly associated with obesity while MTCH2 and GNPDA2 were still notably associated with higher than normal BMI levels.

Fibronectin Leucine Rich Transmembrane Protein 2 or FLRT2 is a glycoprotein, part of the 3 FLRT glycoproteins (fibronectin, leucine rich repeat, transmembrane). This protein can be found in apparent areas of the brain and additional tissues. The genes of FLRT1 & FLRT3 extracellular domain has about 47% similarity to FLRT2. A domain of fibronectin in FLRT1, FLRT3 & FLRT2 can be bound to epidermal growth factor receptors.

Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP or HSPA5) is a member of the family of ~70kDa heat shock proteins (HSP 70). HSPA5 is a stress response protein which is induced by agents or conditions that adversely affect endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function. HSPA5 is crucial for the proper glycosylation, folding as well as for the maintenance of cell homeostasis and the prevention of apoptosis.