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Crystallin, Mu (CRYM) is a taxon-specific crystallin protein which binds NADPH and has sequence similarity to bacterial ornithine cyclodeaminases. CRYM doesn’t perform a structural role in lens tissue; instead CRYM binds thyroid hormone for possible regulatory or developmental roles. CRYM gene mutations are linked with autosomal dominant non-syndromic deafness. CRYM specifically catalyzes the reduction of imine bonds in brain substrates which may include cystathionine ketamine and lanthionine ketamine.

Sorting nexin 3 (SNX3) belongs to the large family of hydrophilic proteins, which interact with various receptor types and are involved in intracellular trafficking. SNX3 interacts with phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, and is involved in protein trafficking. SNX3 comprises a distinct subgroup of nexins, which share less sequence similarity outside of the PX domain and have significantly different binding affinities for the tyrosine kinase receptors.

FABP1 (Fatty acid binding protein1) encodes the fatty acid binding protein found in liver. FABP1 is composed of ten antiparallel β strands that form a barrel with a bigger binding pocket than the other FABPs allowing it to accommodate two fatty acids. This protein binds free fatty acids and their coenzyme A derivatives, bilirubin, and some other small molecules in the cytoplasm; it may be involved in intracellular lipid transport and metabolism.

a-Synuclein (amino acids 1-140), an acidic neuronal protein of 140 amino acids, is extremely heat-resistant and is natively unfolded with an extended structure primarily composed of random coils. a-synuclein has been suggested to be implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders, and more recently, to be an important regulatory component of vesicular transport in neuronal cells. Moreover, recent studies have shown that a-synuclein has chaperone activity and that this activity is lost upon removing its C-terminal acidic tail (amino acids 96-140).

USP14 belongs to the ubiquitin-specific processing (UBP) family of proteases which is a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) containing His and Cys domains. USP14 placed in the cytoplasm and cuts the ubiquitin from ubiquitin-fused precursors and ubiquitinylated proteins.a mutation which results in reduced expression of the ortholog of USP14 in mice inhibits growth, develop severe tremors by 2 to 3 weeks of age followed by paralysis and death by 6 to 10 weeks of age.

Zinc Finger HIT-Type Containing 3 (ZNHIT3) which contains one HIT-type zinc finger, requires the presence of thyroid hormone for its interaction. Thyroid receptor interacting proteins particularly interact with the ligand binding domain of the thyroid receptor (TR).

Glycinin Ara h 3 is a seed storage protein, 11 S globulin and trypsin inhibitor from peanut. Each subunit of the hexamer is composed of an acidic and a basic chain derived from a single precursor and linked by a disulfide bond. Ara h 3 and Ara h 4 are isoforms. Glycinin is the source of sulfur-containing amino acids in seed meals and it exists in the seeds of many leguminous and non-leguminous plants.

SH3-Domain GRB2-Like 3, also known as SH3GL3, is a part of the endophilin family. SH3GL3 contains 1 BAR domain and 1 SH3 domain and takes part in endocytosis. SH3GL3 is a protein coding gene which drafts proteins with high curvature to membranes.

S100Z is a recently discovered member of the S100 protein family. S100 proteins are small dimeric members of the EF-hand superfamily of Ca(2+) binding proteins thought to participate in mediating intracellular Ca(2+) signals by binding to and thereby regulating target proteins in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. S100Z is a 99-amino acid protein capable of interacting with another member of the family, S100P. There are differences in the expression level of S100Z mRNA in various tissues. The highest levels were found in spleen and leukocytes. S100Z gene expression appears to be deregulated in some tumor tissues, compared to expression in their normal counterparts.

CCR4-Not transcription complex, subunit 7 (CNOT7) is a ubiquitous transcription factor. CNOT7 is a component of the CCR4 complex which functions as a general transcription regulation complex. Furthermore, CNOT7 binds to an anti-proliferative protein, BTG1 (B-cell translocation protein 1), which negatively regulates cell proliferation.

FKBP1A is a 12kDa protein initialy discovered onin immune cells on the basis of its capability to bind and mediate the intracellular effect of the immunosuppressant FK506. FKBP1A is also known to mediate the action of Rapamycin-immunosuppressive agent. FKBP1A is part of the family of immunophilins, which have in common high affinity for immunosuppressant drugs and a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase). Activity which participates in folding of proline-containing protein. In the absence of immunosuppressive ligands, FKBP1A is involved in intracellular calcium regulation by associating with 3 types of Ca2+ release channel complexes: skeletal ryanodine receptors, cardiac ryanodine receptors and the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor. FKBP1A also interact with TGF-b type I receptor exerting an inhibitory effect on the TGF-b signaling pathway. FKBP12 plays a role in modulation of ryanodine receptor isoform-1 (ryr-1), a component of the calcium release channel of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. FKBP1A increase the folding of proteins and catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides.

ZW10 Interacting Kinetochore Protein (ZWINT) is involved in kinetochore function. ZWINT is part of the MIS12 complex, which is essential for kinetochore formation and spindle checkpoint activity. ZWINT is localized to the cytoplasm during interphase and to kinetochores from late prophase to anaphase. ZWINT interacts with ZW10 (Zeste White 10) and regulates the association between ZW10 and kinetochores. ZWINT gene defects are linked with the pathogenesis of Roberts’s syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by growth retardation due to premature chromosome separation.

Human Fatty Epidermal Acid Binding Protein FABP also called FABP-5 is a 15 kD member of the intracellular fatty acid binding protein (FABP) family, which is known for the ability to bind fatty acids and related compounds ( bile acids or retinoids). In an internal cavity. The fatty acid binding proteins aP2 (fatty acid binding protein [FABP]-4) and mal1 (EFABP) are closely related and both are expressed in adipocytes. Absence of EFABP/mal1 resulted in increased systemic insulin sensitivity in two models of obesity and insulin resistance. Adipocytes isolated from mal1-deficient mice also exhibited enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose transport capacity. In contrast, mice expressing high levels of mal1 in adipose tissue display reduced systematic insulin activity.

Retinol binding protein 4(RBP4) belongs to the lipocalin family and is the specific carrier for retinol (vitamin A alcohol) in the blood. This protein was found to be expressed and secreted by adipose tissue, and was strongly associated with insulin resistance. It delivers retinol from the liver stores to the peripheral tissues. In plasma, the RBP-retinol complex interacts with transthyretin which prevents its loss by filtration through the kidney glomeruli.
RBP4 delivers retinol from the liver to the peripheral tissues. In plasma, the rbp-retinol complex interacts with transthyretin, this prevents its loss by filtration through the kidney glomeruli.

Protein A is a cell wall component produced by several strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The recombinant Protein A is genetically engineered protein and holds 5 IgG-binding regions of protein A. Recombinant Protein A functions basically the same as native Protein A and is perfect for purification of polyclonal or monoclonal IgG antibodies. Protein A binds to human IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4, mouse IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 and rat IgG2c. Protein A also binds to total IgG from rabbit, pig, dog, cat, and guinea pig.

GLUL catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia. Glutamine is a major source of energy and that takes part in cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and cell signaling. GLUL is expressed during early fetal stages, and has a role in maintaining body pH by removing ammonia from circulation. Mutations in GLUL gene are related with congenital glutamine deficiency.

Sialic Acid Binding Ig Like Lectin 9 (SIGLEC9) is a member of the sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin family, which is a part of the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed mostly on human blood leukocytes. SIGLEC9 is a Putative adhesion molecule which is expressed in bone marrow, placenta, spleen, and fetal liver. SIGLEC9 is also a part of the recently characterized CD33-related Siglec family of sialic acid binding protein.

CAPG is part of the gelsolin/villin family of actin-regulatory proteins. CAPG reversibly blocks the barbed ends of F-actin filaments in a Ca2+ and phosphoinositide-regulated method, though it does not separate preformed actin filaments. By capping the barbed ends of actin filaments, CAPG contributes to the control of actin-based motility in non-muscle cells. CAPG is involved in macrophage function. CAPG is involved in regulating cytoplasmic and/or nuclear structures via possible interactions with actin. CAPG binds DNA. CAPG lacks a nuclear export sequence present in structurally related proteins. CAPG is a tumor suppressor protein that plays a role in the tumorigenic progression of certain cancers. Dysregulated expression of CAPG was found in premalignant and malignant oral carcinogenesis.

DnaJ (Hsp40) Homolog, Subfamily C, Member 27 (DNAJC27) which contains one J domain is a part of the small GTPase superfamily. DNAJC27 is a GTPase which activates the MEK/ERK pathway and induces cell transformation when overexpressed.

ADP-ribosylation factor 5 (ARF5) is a small guanine nucleotide-binding protein which enhances the enzymatic activities of cholera toxin. ARF-dependent regulatory mechanisms include the coordination of spectrin interactions with golgi membranes and the connection of actin to the golgi via rho family-dependent G-protein localization and WASP/Arp2/3 complexes. ARF5 is involved in vesicular transport and functioning via phospholipase D activation.

Syntaxin-1, synaptobrevin, and SNAP25 cooperate to form the SNARE complex, which is needed for synaptic vesicle docking and fusion SNPH is a neuron-specific protein originally characterized as a binding partner of syntaxin-1. SNPH participates with SNAP25 for the binding to Syntaxin-1 and prevents the construction of the SNARE core complex, thus manageling free syntaxin-1 availability for the assembly of the SNARE complex and potentially regulating synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Expression Syntaphilin appears to be brain-specific. SNPH is an inhibitor of both SNARE-based fusion and dynamin-mediated endocytosis.

ArsA Arsenite Transporter, ATP-Binding, Homolog 1 (ASNA1) is a part of the arsA ATPase family. ASNA1 is the human homolog of the bacterial arsA gene. ArsA ATPase is the catalytic component of a multisubunit oxyanion pump In E.coli, which is in charge for resistance to arsenicals and antimonials. ASNA1 is also a main component of a transmembrane domain (TMD) recognition complex (TRC) which is involved in the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) proteins from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

KPNA2 belongs to the karyopherin alpha family. KPNA2 has a vital part in the nuclear import of proteins with a conventional nuclear localization signal (NLS).
In vitro, KPNA2 bound specifically and directly to substrates having a simple or bipartite NLS motif. KPNA2 stimulated docking of import substrates to the nuclear envelope and together with Ran reconstituted complete nuclear protein import.

SIVA1, also referred to asApoptosis regulatory protein Siva isoform 1, is a death domain-containing proapoptotic protein. It is known as glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related gene, and also as an intracellular ligand of CD27, which are both members of the TNFR family expressed on lymphoid cells. There isn’t much known about the signalling pathway underlying the Siva-induced apoptosis.SIVA1 expression is modulated in multiple pathological processes.