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The Recombinant Protein L is comprised of 5 kappa-binding domains. Protein L has the exceptional ability to bind through kappa light chain interactions without hindering with the antibody’s antigen-binding site. This gives Protein L the capacity to bind a broader range of Ig classes and subclasses than other antibody-binding proteins. The recombinant Protein L is perfect for purification of polyclonal or monoclonal IgG antibodies. Protein L binds to IgG from humans, mice, rats and pigs.

Protein A is a cell wall protein deriving from Staphylococcus aureus which exhibits unique binding properties for IgG from a variety of mammalian species and for some IgM and IgA as well. It binds with the Fc region of immunoglobulins through interaction with the heavy chain. It couples to a wide variety of reporter molecules including fluorescent dyes, enzyme markers, biotin, colloidal gold and radioactive iodine without affecting the antibody binding site. Recombinant Protein A was developed to increase the specificity of the molecule for IgG and is widely used both in research and bioprocessing. The recombinant protein A is produced by expressing a modified protein A gene in E.coli. A specific purification process with strict quality control was taken to get the recombinant protein A with the purity of more than 98% , no human IgG affinity step is used during validated fermentation and purification and devoid of bacterial contaminant found normally in native Protein A. (Free of Staphylococcus endotoxins and hemolysin).

BIN2, also known as Bridging Integrator 2, is a cytoplasmic protein. BIN2 comprises one BAR domain and Interacts with BIN1. BIN2 is highly expressed in some hematopoietic tissues, including peripheral blood, colon, thymus and placenta. BIN2 stimulates cell motility and migration, most likely through its interaction with the cell membrane and with podosome proteins which mediate interaction with the cytoskeleton and likewise modulates membrane curvature & mediates membrane tubulation.

The gamma globin genes which are HBG1 and HBG2, usually expressed in the fetal liver, spleen and bone marrow. 2 gamma chains together along with 2 alpha chains comprise fetal hemoglobin (HbF) which is normally replaced by mature hemoglobin (HbA) at birth. Gamma chain production continues into adulthood in several beta-thalassemias and linked situations. The two types of gamma chains differ at residue 136 where glycine is found in the G-gamma product (HBG2) and alanine is found in the A-gamma product (HBG1). The former is predominant at birth.

Trypsin is a serine protease that hydrolyses proteins, it is found in the digestive system of numerous vertebrates. Trypsin is produced as the inactive proenzyme trypsinogen in the pancreas. Trypsin cleaves peptide chains at the carboxyl side of the amino acids lysine and arginine, except when either is followed by proline. Trypsin is secreted into the duodenum, where it acts to hydrolyses peptides into amino acids, which is necessary for the uptake of protein in the food even though peptides are smaller than proteins; they are still too big to be absorbed through the lining of the ileum. The optimal operating pH for Trypsins is about 8 and about 37°C temperature. In cystic fibrosis disease there is a deficiency in transport of trypsin and other digestive enzymes from the pancreas. Trypsin is widely used in various biotechnological processes since it’s available in high quantity in the pancreases, and can be purified rather easily.

Alarelin (Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) is a synthetic LH-RH agonist that is found in higher amounts than that of LH-RH in rat hypophyseal stimulation of gonadotropin secretion in vivo and in vitro and in ovulation inductions. Alarelin is known for its induction of ovulation. Alarelin acetate is the acetate form of a hypothalamic peptide that stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland.

Nucleolin (NCL) which is a eukaryotic nucleolar phosphoprotein, involved in the synthesis and maturation of ribosomes. Nucleolin is the key nucleolar protein of growing eukaryotic cells. NCL is found linked with intranucleolar chromatin and pre-ribosomal particles. NCL induces chromatin decondensation by binding to histone H1. Nucleolin is assumed to have a role in pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome compilation. Nucleolin may also have a role in the process of transcriptional elongation. Nucleolin is located primarily in the dense fibrillar regions of the nucleolus. The Human NCL gene consists of 14 exons with 13 introns and spans approximately 11kb.

Adiponectin, also known as Acrp30, AdipoQ and GBP-28, is a 244 amino acid protein, the product of the apM1 gene, which is physiologically active and specifically and highly expressed in adipose cells (Adipokine). Adiponectin is a part of the soluble defense collagen super family; it has a collagen-like domain structurally homologous with collagen VIII and X and complement factor C1q-like globular domain. APM-1 forms homotrimers, which are the building blocks for higher order complexes found circulating in serum.

Peptidase Inhibitor 16 (PI16) which a member of the CRISP family, is a putative serine protease inhibitor. PI16 interacts with PSP94/MSMB. PI16 is expressed in the prostate, testis, ovary and intestine. It also concentrates in prostate cancer patient's sera. PI16 may serve as a marker following prostatectomy for prostate cancer.

Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 1 (UBLCP1) dephosphorylates 26S nuclear proteasomes, thereby decreasing their proteolytic activity. The dephosphorylation averts assembly of the core and regulatory particles (CP and RP) into mature 26S proteasome.

Histone H2A.Z (H2AFZ) belongs to the histone H2A family. Histones are basic nuclear proteins which are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). H2AFZ is implicated in the formation of constitutive heterochromatin and vital for chromosome segregation during cell division. Moreover, variant Histone H2A, which takes the place of conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Studies in mice have demonstrated that this particular histone is essential for embryonic development and show that lack of functional histone H2A leads to embryonic lethality.

NTAL participates in FCER1 (high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor)-mediated signaling in mast cells. NTAL takes part in BCR (B-cell antigen receptor)-mediated signaling in B-cells and FCGR1 (high affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I)-mediated signaling in myeloid cells. Couples activation of these receptors and their associated kinases with distal intracellular events through the recruitment of GRB2.

Stratifin is part of the 14-3-3 family. The 14-3-3 family of proteins plays an important regulatory function in signal transduction, checkpoint control, apoptotic and nutrient-sensing pathways. 14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed. There are 7 isoforms, beta, gamma, epsilon, sigma, zeta, tau and eta that have been identified in mammals. Stratifin is an epithelial cell marker that functions as a tumor suppressor whose expression can be down regulated via methylation. Failure of Stratifin expression results in a defective G2/M phase checkpoint and results in epithelial and non-epithelial tumorigenesis.

Tachykinin-3 belongs to the substance P-related tachykinin family. Tachykinins are active peptides that stimulate neurons, induce behavioral responses, are effective vasodilators and secretagogues, and contract (directly or indirectly) many smooth muscles. TAC3 and its receptor are essential switches of regulator of human puberty, regulated by the brain through the release of the GnRH which starts a chain of processes which eventually lead to the production of sex hormones.
During pregnancy, the expression of TAC3 is restricted to the outer syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta, significant concentrations of TAC3 can be identified in plasma as early as week 9, and plasma concentrations of TAC3 are grossly elevated in pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia. Higher Tachykinin-3 concentrations in normotensive pregnant women may be caused by the advanced gestational age and/or the result of a negative interaction of other vasoactive substances. TAC3 has a role in the continuance of high placental blood flow in normal pregnancy.

GDP-fucose protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POUFUT1), belongs to the glycosyltransferase O-Fuc family. POUFUT1 encodes a member of the glycosyltransferase O-Fuc family and Expressed mainly in pancreas, kidney, lung, heart, brain, liver, placenta and skeletal muscle.POUFUT1 adds O-fucose through an O-glycosidic linkage to Preserve serine or threonine residues in the epidermal growth factor-like repeats of a number of cell surface and emitted proteins. POUFUT1 is involved in ligand-induced receptor signaling. Alternative splicing of this gene results in 2 transcript variants encoding different isoforms.POFUT1 participates in Notch signaling, as Notch ligands can use as POFUT1 substrates.

U2AF1 is a member of the splicing factor SR family. U2 auxiliary factor, comprising a large and asmall subunit, is a non-snRNP protein essential for the binding of U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA branch site.U2AF1 is the small subunit which plays a vital role in both constitutive and enhancer-dependent RNA splicing bydirectly mediating interactions between the large subunit and proteins bound to the enhancers. U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1 (U2AF1) is a protein-coding gene. Among the diseases which are associated with U2AF1:Myoclonus Epilepsy and progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy.

MAP3K12 Binding Inhibitory Protein 1 (MBIP) is a part of the ATAC complex which consists of histones H3 and H4 with a histone acetyltransferase activity. MBIP inhibits the MAP3K12 activity in order to induce the activation of the JNK/SAPK pathway.

Human Factor IX also called Christmas-Factor is a glycoprotein, which is synthesized in the liver and belongs to the serine proteases system and is part of the S1 peptidase family.
Lack of Factor-IX causes Hemophilia-B meaning Christmas Disease. Factor-IX has a N-terminus region which contains 12xGla residues which asist the calcium dpendant binding of Factor-IX to the phospholipid surface. Factor-IX is activated by either factor XIa or the factor VIIa/tissue factor/phospholipid complex. Cleavage yields the intermediate IXa, which is subsequently converted to the fully active form IXab.
Factor-IX binds initially to exosites on the factor XIa heavy chain, followed by interaction at the active site with subsequent bond cleavage. Coagulation factor IX is activated by interaction with the erythrocyte membrane, causing intrinsic coagulation. Chaperones & lectins act simultaniously to guarantee the proper folding of Factor-IX and the retention of mutant molecules. Human Factor IX, activated by either the Contact or Tissue Factor Pathway, is responsible for the activation of Factor X to Xa.

METTL21A, which is a part of the methyltransferase superfamily, is a Protein-lysine methyltransferase that in vitro methylates HSPA1, HSPA5 and HSPA8.

Adaptor-related protein complex 1 associated regulatory protein (AP1AR) is essential for AP-1 dependent transport between the trans-Golgi network and endosomes. AP1AR regulates the membrane association of AP1G1/Gamma1-adaptin which is one of the subunits of the AP-1 adapter complex. AP1AR plays a role as effector of AP-1 in calcium-induced endo-lysosome secretion. The interaction with AP1G1/Gamma1-adaptin attenuates the release of the AP-1 complex from membranes.

Ubiquitin D (UBD) is an ubiquitin-like modifier (UBL) of the ubiquitin protein family. UBD is an ubiquitin-like protein which can form covalent conjugates, thus targeting proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. It is assumed that, UBD has roles in regulation of cell cycle, innate immunity, and apoptosis. UBD is a TNF-a inducible ubiquitin-like protein with a presumed role in the immune response.

Streptavidin is a tetrameric protein secreted by Streptomyces avidinii which binds firmly to biotin. Streptavidin is wilyde used in molecular biology through its unique high affinity for the vitamin biotin. The dissociation constant (Kd) of the biotin-streptavidin complex is about ~10-15 mol/L. The strong affinity recognition of biotin and biotinylated molecules has made streptavidin one of the most important components in diagnostics and laboratory kits. The streptavidin/biotin system has one of the biggest free energies of association of yet observed for noncovalent binding of a protein and small ligand in aqueous solution (K_assoc = 10**14). The complexes are also extremely stable over a wide range of temperature and pH.

Maltose Binding Protein is a member of the maltose/maltodextrin system of E.Coli, which is accountable for the uptake and efficient catabolism of maltodextrins. The maltose/maltodextrin is a complex regulatory and transport system involving many proteins and protein complexes. MBP elevates the yield of its fusion partner in many cases and is often able to promote the solubility of polypeptides to which it is fused.