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CRP is an important protein that correlates with inflammatory disease and is synthesized by hepatocytes during the acute phase response by IL-1 and TNF Alpha and Beta. CRP levels increase dramatically and serve as a useful marker of inflammation in such conditions as bacterial infection, viral infections, rheumatoid arthritis, transplantation rejection, myocardial infarction, meningitis, septicemia, osteomyelitis and others. CRP is also correlated to Serum Amyloid A levels.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major global health concern, with approximately 71 million people infected worldwide. Chronic HCV infection can lead to liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other severe liver-related complications. The nonstructural proteins NS3, NS4, and NS5 of HCV play critical roles in viral replication, assembly, and immune evasion, making them attractive targets for antiviral interventions. This research aims to characterize the recombinant forms of HCV NS3, NS4, and NS5 proteins to gain insights into their functional properties and identify potential targets for the development of effective antiviral strategies.

The primary objective of this study is to express and purify recombinant HCV NS3, NS4, and NS5 proteins using suitable expression systems. Recombinant DNA techniques will be employed to generate expression vectors harboring the respective genes, followed by expression in bacterial, yeast, or mammalian cell-based systems. The recombinant proteins will be purified using affinity chromatography or other appropriate methods, enabling subsequent biochemical and biophysical characterization.

The second objective is to investigate the roles of NS3, NS4, and NS5 proteins in HCV replication and assembly. In vitro assays will be performed to assess the enzymatic activities of NS3 protease and NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The effects of potential inhibitors or small molecules on these enzymatic activities will be evaluated. Furthermore, the interactions between NS4 protein and cellular components involved in viral assembly will be explored using protein-protein interaction assays.

The third objective is to determine the three-dimensional structures of the recombinant NS3, NS4, and NS5 proteins using techniques such as X-ray crystallography or cryo-electron microscopy. Structural information will provide valuable insights into the functional domains and potential binding sites within these proteins. These findings will aid in the design of novel antiviral compounds targeting specific regions of NS3, NS4, and NS5, with the goal of disrupting viral replication and assembly.

By characterizing the recombinant forms of HCV NS3, NS4, and NS5 proteins, this research aims to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HCV infection. The insights gained from this study may contribute to the development of novel antiviral strategies targeting HCV, ultimately leading to improved therapeutic options for individuals affected by this persistent and debilitating viral infection.

Oropouche virus also known as OROV which is a part of the Peribunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus family is an arthropod-borne virus. OROV transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, with Culicoides and Aedes species being the most common vectors. OROV is very popular in South America, mainly in Brazil and is associated with outbreaks of febrile illness, often accompanied by symptoms such as headache, muscle and joint pains and retro-orbital pain. The nucleoprotein (N) of OROV plays a main role in the virus's lifecycle by forming part of the viral ribonucleoprotein complex that encapsidates the viral RNA genome and is involved in different stages of viral replication.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of G CSF Protein?
G CSF Protein has a total Mw of 18kDa.

What is the source or expression system of G CSF Protein?
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (CHO).

What is the Purity of G CSF Protein?
G CSF Protein is >97% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of G CSF Protein?
The ED50, calculated by the dose-dependant proliferation of murine NFS-60 indicator cells (measured by 3H-thymidine uptake) is < 0.07 ng/ml, corresponding to a Specific Activity of 1.27 x 108 IU/mg.

What is the amino acid sequence of G CSF Protein?
TPLGPASSLP QSFLLKCLEQ VRKIQGDGAA LQEKLCATYK LCHPEELVLL GHSLGIPWAP LSSCPSQALQ LAGCLSQLHS GLFLYQGLLQ ALEGISPELG PTLDTLQLDV ADFATTIWQQ MEELGMAPAL QPTQGAMPAF ASAFQRRAGG VLVASHLQSF LEVSYRVLRH LAQP.

What applications can G CSF Protein be used in?
G CSF Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for G CSF Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, G CSF Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of CCL13 HUMAN, HIS Protein?
CCL13 HUMAN, HIS Protein has a total Mw of 10.8kDa.

What is the source or expression system of CCL13 HUMAN, HIS Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of CCL13 HUMAN, HIS Protein?
CCL13 HUMAN, HIS Protein is > 90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of CCL13 HUMAN, HIS Protein?
The biological functionality of CCL13 HUMAN, HIS Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of CCL13 HUMAN, HIS Protein?
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MQPDALNVPS TCCFTFSSKK ISLQRLKSYV ITTSRCPQKA VIFRTKLGKE ICADPKEKWV QNYMKHLGRK
.AHTLKT

What applications can CCL13 HUMAN, HIS Protein be used in?
CCL13 HUMAN, HIS Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for CCL13 HUMAN, HIS Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, CCL13 HUMAN, HIS Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

Who supplies recombinant CCL13 HUMAN, HIS that is in stock and available to order?
ProSpec has the protein in stock and available for immediate delivery.

Where can I order bulk mg quantities of CCL13 HUMAN, HIS?
ProSpec supplies bulk mg quantities at affordable prices that meets research and academic budgets.

OX40 Ligand (OX40L), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, plays a pivotal role in regulating immune responses and orchestrating the delicate balance between activation and tolerance. The human recombinant form of OX40L has emerged as a potent tool in immunology, offering insights into its molecular intricacies and potential applications in therapeutic interventions. This research embarks on a journey to unravel the multifaceted role of OX40L Human Recombinant, shedding light on its structural attributes, signaling pathways, and its promising avenues in immunotherapy. By delving into the properties of OX40L, scientists aim to expand our understanding of immune modulation and open new frontiers in the treatment of immune-related disorders.

Structural Insights into OX40L Human Recombinant:

OX40L, as a trimeric transmembrane protein, exhibits a unique structural configuration that governs its interactions with the OX40 receptor on T cells. The human recombinant form, engineered for controlled study, provides a window into the three-dimensional intricacies of the ligand. Understanding its structure is pivotal for deciphering how OX40L engages with its receptor and modulates immune responses.

Immunomodulatory Signaling Pathways:

OX40L binding to its cognate receptor OX40 on T cells triggers intricate signaling cascades that impact immune cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. The OX40-OX40L axis is a crucial regulator of T cell function, influencing both effector and regulatory T cell responses. Unraveling the specific pathways activated by OX40L Human Recombinant provides valuable insights into the modulation of immune responses in health and disease.

Applications in Immunotherapy:

The immunomodulatory properties of OX40L make it an attractive candidate for therapeutic interventions. OX40L Human Recombinant, in preclinical and clinical studies, is being explored for its potential in enhancing antitumor immune responses. By harnessing the ligand's ability to stimulate effector T cells and memory T cell formation, researchers aim to develop novel immunotherapies for cancer and other immune-related disorders.

OX40L in Autoimmune Diseases:

Conversely, OX40L's role in autoimmune diseases has spurred investigations into its inhibition as a therapeutic strategy. Blocking the OX40-OX40L interaction has shown promise in mitigating autoimmune responses, presenting a potential avenue for the development of treatments for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.

While the potential of OX40L Human Recombinant in immunotherapy is promising, challenges persist. Fine-tuning its applications, understanding potential side effects, and optimizing dosages are critical considerations for translational success. Additionally, comprehending the context-dependent nature of OX40L signaling is essential for tailoring therapeutic strategies to specific diseases and patient profiles.

OX40L Human Recombinant stands at the forefront of immunomodulation research, offering a lens through which we can unravel the complexities of immune responses. Its structural insights, signaling pathways, and therapeutic applications position it as a key player in the evolving landscape of immunotherapy. As researchers continue to dissect the molecular nuances of OX40L, they not only expand our understanding of immune regulation but also pave the way for transformative advancements in the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases, shaping the future of precision medicine and immunotherapy.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of CCL2 MOUSE Protein?
CCL2 MOUSE Protein has a total Mw of 14kDa.

What is the source or expression system of CCL2 MOUSE Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of CCL2 MOUSE Protein?
CCL2 MOUSE Protein is >90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of CCL2 MOUSE Protein?
The biological activity was determined by calculating its ability to chemoattract Balb/C mouse spleen MNCs at 1.0-20.0 ng/ml.

What is the amino acid sequence of CCL2 MOUSE Protein?
The sequence of the first five N-terminal amino acids was determined and was found to be Gln-Pro-Asp-Ala-Val.

What applications can CCL2 MOUSE Protein be used in?
CCL2 MOUSE Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for CCL2 MOUSE Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, CCL2 MOUSE Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

Who supplies recombinant CCL2 MOUSE that is in stock and available to order?
ProSpec has the protein in stock and available for immediate delivery.

Where can I order bulk mg quantities of CCL2 MOUSE?
ProSpec supplies bulk mg quantities at affordable prices that meets research and academic budgets.

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses, inflammation, and cell survival. It is primarily produced by activated macrophages, but can also be secreted by other immune cells, such as T cells, natural killer cells, and mast cells. TNF-α is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including the defense against infections, the development of autoimmune diseases, and the progression of cancer.

TNF-α exerts its effects by binding to two distinct cell surface receptors, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2). Upon binding to its receptors, TNF-α activates multiple signaling pathways, including the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and the apoptotic pathway. These signaling pathways regulate various cellular processes, such as inflammation, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.

In the context of infections, TNF-α plays a crucial role in the body's defense against pathogens. It promotes the recruitment and activation of immune cells, enhances the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines, and stimulates the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, facilitating the migration of immune cells to the site of infection. TNF-α also helps to induce fever, which is an important component of the body's immune response to infections.

However, excessive or prolonged production of TNF-α can contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis. In these conditions, elevated levels of TNF-α promote the infiltration of immune cells into the affected tissues, leading to tissue damage and the perpetuation of inflammation. The central role of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of these diseases has led to the development of anti-TNF-α therapies, which have revolutionized the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. These therapies include monoclonal antibodies, such as infliximab and adalimumab, and soluble TNF receptor fusion proteins, such as etanercept. Anti-TNF-α therapies have been shown to be effective in reducing inflammation, improving symptoms, and slowing disease progression in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.

In the context of cancer, TNF-α has complex and context-dependent effects on tumor development and progression. On one hand, TNF-α can promote anti-tumor immunity by activating immune cells and stimulating the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, chronic inflammation driven by TNF-α can promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Therefore, the role of TNF-α in cancer is still an area of active research, and the development of TNF-α-targeted therapies for cancer remains a challenge.

In conclusion, TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses, inflammation, and cell survival. Its involvement in various physiological and pathological processes has made it an important target for the development of therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. Anti-TNF-α therapies have revolutionized the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, but the complex role of TNF-α in cancer remains an area of ongoing research. Understanding the precise mechanisms by which TNF-α contributes to disease pathogenesis will be crucial for the development of more effective and targeted therapies.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of IL 5 RHESUS MACAQUE Protein?
IL 5 RHESUS MACAQUE Protein has a total Mw of 26.1kDa.

What is the source or expression system of IL 5 RHESUS MACAQUE Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of IL 5 RHESUS MACAQUE Protein?
IL 5 RHESUS MACAQUE Protein is >98% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of IL 5 RHESUS MACAQUE Protein?
The ED50 as determined by a cell proliferation assay using human TF-1 cells is less than 5ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 2.0 × 105 IU/mg.

What is the amino acid sequence of IL 5 RHESUS MACAQUE Protein?
IPTEIPASAL VKETLALLST HRTLLIANET LRIPVPVHKN HQLCTEEIFQ GIGTLESQTV QGGTVERLFK NLSLIKKYIG GQKKKCGEER RRVNQFLDYL QEFLGVMNTE WIIES.

What applications can IL 5 RHESUS MACAQUE Protein be used in?
IL 5 RHESUS MACAQUE Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for IL 5 RHESUS MACAQUE Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, IL 5 RHESUS MACAQUE Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

Who supplies recombinant IL 5 RHESUS MACAQUE that is in stock and available to order?
ProSpec has the protein in stock and available for immediate delivery.

Where can I order bulk mg quantities of IL 5 RHESUS MACAQUE?
ProSpec supplies bulk mg quantities at affordable prices that meets research and academic budgets.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of CCL20 MOUSE Protein?
CCL20 MOUSE Protein has a total Mw of 7.9kDa.

What is the source or expression system of CCL20 MOUSE Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of CCL20 MOUSE Protein?
CCL20 MOUSE Protein is > 95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of CCL20 MOUSE Protein?
The Activity is calculated by its ability to chemoattract primary human T cells at 2-20ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 50,000-500,000 units/mg.

What is the amino acid sequence of CCL20 MOUSE Protein?
ASNYDCCLSY IQTPLPSRAI VGFTRQMADE ACDINAIIFH TKKRKSVCAD PKQNWVKRAV NLLSLRVKKM.

What applications can CCL20 MOUSE Protein be used in?
CCL20 MOUSE Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for CCL20 MOUSE Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, CCL20 MOUSE Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the source or expression system of Hantavirus- Nucleocapsid Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of Hantavirus- Nucleocapsid Protein?
Hantavirus- Nucleocapsid Protein is >90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the molecular weight / Mw of Hantavirus- Nucleocapsid Protein?
Hantavirus- Nucleocapsid Protein having a total Mw of 23.8kDa.

Is Hantavirus- Nucleocapsid conjugated to a Tag?
Hantavirus- Nucleocapsid is fused to 6xHis Tag at N-terminal.

What is the Biological Activity of Hantavirus- Nucleocapsid Protein?
The biological functionality of Hantavirus- Nucleocapsid Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the endotoxin level for Hantavirus- Nucleocapsid Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, Hantavirus- Nucleocapsid Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the amino acid sequence of Hantavirus- Nucleocapsid Protein?
Hantavirus- Nucleocapsid Protein is composed from 1-200 amino acids.

What applications can Hantavirus- Nucleocapsid Protein be used in?
Hantavirus-Nucleocapsid Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the function of the hantavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein?
The hantavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein surrounds the viral RNA binding site and protects it during viral replication and assembly.

Why is hantavirus nucleocapsid protein commonly used in ELISA assays?
The hantavirus N protein is highly immunogenic, conserved and widely expressed and induces a strong antibody response in infected individuals.

Does hantavirus N protein bind RNA?
Hantavirus N protein contains RNA-binding domains that specifically interact with viral genomic

Is the hantavirus nucleocapsid protein suitable for antibody production?
Resulting from high immunogenicity, recombinant hantavirus N protein is highly used as an immunogen for generating both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.