Search results

IL10 is a cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and to a lesser extent by lymphocytes. This cytokine has pleiotropic effects in immunoregulation and inflammation. It down-regulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II Ags, and costimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. This cytokine can block NF-kappa B activity, and is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Knockout studies in mice suggested the function of this cytokine as an essential immunoregulator in the intestinal tract.

C-JUN is a gene which, in combination with c-Fos, forms the AP-1early response transcription factor. C-JUN is activated by the JNKpathway. C-JUN is the putative transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus 17. C-JUN is a protein which is highly similar to the viral protein, and which interacts directly with specific target DNA sequences to regulate gene expression. The C-JUN gene is intronless and is mapped to 1p32-p31, a chromosomal region involved in both translocations and deletions in human malignancies.

Interleukin-1b is produced by activated macrophages, IL-1B stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing il-2 release, b-cell maturation and proliferation, and fibroblast growth factor activity. IL1B proteins are involved in the inflammatory response, being identified as endogenous pyrogens, and are reported to stimulate the release of prostaglandin from synovial cells.

IL-16 is a pleiotropic cytokine that functions as a chemoattractant, a modulator of T cell activation, and an inhibitor of HIV replication. The signaling process of IL-16 is mediated by CD4. The product of this gene undergoes proteolytic processing, which is found to yield two functional proteins. IL-16 functions exclusively attributed to the secreted C-terminal peptide, while the N-terminal product may play a role in cell cycle control. Caspase 3 is reported to be involved in the proteolytic processing of this protein. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
IL-16 stimulates a migratory response in cd4+ lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. Also induces t-lymphocyte expression of interleukin 2 receptor, ligand for cd4.

UBE2K belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes family which take part in many cellular processes such as selective protein degradation, DNA repair, cell cycle control, and sporulation. In this mechanism, the ATP-coupled activation and subsequent ligation of ubiquitin are catalyzed by separate enzymes functionally linked by ubiquitin carrier protein UBC1. In addition, UBE2K is involved in Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and antigen processing through its interaction with amyloid-?, huntingtin, and MHC-heavy chain proteins.

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SIAH1 (SIAH1) belongs to the SIAH (seven in absentia homolog) family. SIAH1 is a tumor suppressor protein, which is expressed in intestinal epithelium and activated during apoptosis. SIAH1 is involved in ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of specific proteins. SIAH1 is comprised of an N-terminal RING-finger domain (required for proteolysis) and a cystein-rich C-terminal domain (which regulates oligomerization and SIAH binding to target proteins). SIAH1 causes indirect degradation of beta-catenin by way of creation of a complex with Siah-interacting protein (SIP), Skp1 and Ebi.

Thermosensitive Gluconokinase, also known as IDNK is a 187 a.a protein which is a member of the gluconokinase gntK/gntV family. IDNK catalyzes theconversion of ATP and D-gluconate to ADP and 6-phospho-D-gluconate. In addition, IDNK is considered to take part in gender determination, deletion of the distal portion of 9p is able to lead to a development of male to female sex reversal, the phenotype of a female with a male X, Y genotype.

SRM is an enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of the propylamine group from S-adenosylmethioninamine to putrescine in the biosynthesis of spermidine. The polyamines putrescine, spermine and spermidine are ubiquitous polycationic mediators of cell growth and differentiation. The SRM protein is one of four enzymes in the polyamine-biosynthetic pathway and completes the final step of spermidine biosynthesis.

BLOC1S2 is a member of the BLOC1S2 family. Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 or BLOC-1 is a universally expressed multisubunit protein complex which is essential for regular biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, like melanosomes and platelet dense granules. BLOC1S2 takes part in cell proliferation.

IL-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine that stimulates the production of IFN gamma from T-cells and natural killer cells, and also induces differentiation of Th1 helper cells. It is an initiator of cell-mediated immunity.

TAF10 is a small subunit of TFIID which is related to a subdivision of TFIID complexes. Studies with human and mammalian cells verified that this subunit is mandatory for transcriptional activation by the estrogen receptor, for progression through the cell cycle, and is essential for several cellular differentiation programs.

CBR1 is one of numerous monomeric, NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases having ubiquistly specificity for carbonyl compounds. CBR1 is broadly distributed in human tissues. CBR1 metabolizes toxic environmental quinones and pharmacological relevant substrates. CBR1 converts prostaglandin E2 to prostaglandin F2-alpha.

Protein Kinase IFN Double Stranded RNA Activator, also known as PRKRA, mediates the effects of interferon when a viral infection takes place. PRKRA activates EIF2AK2/PKR in the absence of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and leads to phosphorylation of EIF2S1/EFI2-alpha and inhibition of translation and induction of apoptosis. Mutations in PRKRA are associated with dystonia.

Regulator of G protein signaling 4 (RGS4) is a protein which regulates G protein signaling. Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family members are regulatory molecules which act as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) for G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. Heterotrimeric G proteins serve to convey information from cell surface receptors to intracellular effectors.

The Casein kinase 2 (EC2.7.11.1) is a serine/threonine-selective protein kinasethat is a tetramer of two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The alpha subunits have the catalytic kinase domain. Casein kinase 2 has been implicated in cell cyclecontrol, DNA repair, regulation of the circadian rhythmand other cellular processes.
Casein kinase 2 activity has been reported to be activated following Wnt signaling pathwayactivation. A Pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteinand Disheveled appear to be an intermediary between Wnt-mediated activation of the Frizzled receptor and activation of casein kinase 2.
Mice that lack casein kinase 2 alpha prime have a defect in the morphology of developing sperm.

Mortality factor 4-like protein 1 (MORF4L1) is a member of the MRG family. MORF4L1 is a component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes mostly by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A. MORF4L1 is a transcription factor expressed in various human tissues, and its orthologs have been found in many other eukaryotes which comprise the MRG protein family. The C-terminal part of MORF4L1 forms a conserved MRG domain that is involved in interactions with the tumor suppressor protein retinoblastoma and a nucleoprotein.

Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein L1 (MRPL1) exists as a component of the 39S ribosomal subunit and operates in conjunction with other MRPs to mediate protein synthesis. Mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a large 39S subunit and a small 28S subunit, both of which are consist of multiple mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs) that are encoded by nuclear genes and are vital for protein synthesis within mitochondria. MRPL1 exists as 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Isoform 1 of MRPL1 is ubiquitously expressed while isoform 2 is particularly expressed in heart.

SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like protein 2 (SH3BGRL2) belongs to the human SH3BGR family. SH3BGRL2 is a protein of 107 amino acids, which, like SH3BGRL and SH3BGRL3 proteins, is highly homologous to the N-terminal region of the SH3BGR protein and seems to be related to Glutaredoxins and to PKC-interacting cousin of thioredoxin homology domain. SH3BGRL2 is highly expressed in the brain, placenta, liver and kidney and it is also expressed in the retina. The SH3BGRL2 gene is located to chromosome 6q13-15 and its messenger RNA has a large 3' untranslated region containing several AUUUA repeats.

Arsenic Methyltransferase (AS3MT) catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to trivalent arsenical and may have a role in arsenic metabolism. AS3MT methylates arsenite to produce methylarsonate, Me-AsO3H2, which is reduced by methylarsonate reductase to methylarsonite, Me-As(OH)2. Methylarsonite which is also a substrate, is transformed into the much less toxic complex dimethylarsinate (cacodylate), Me2As(O)-OH.

D-gluconate kinase or idnk is a thermosensitive protein, consists of 187 a.a and part of the gluconokinase gntK/gntV protein family. Idnk enhances the conversion of ATP + D-gluconate => ADP + 6-phospho-D-gluconate. Idnk has a crucial part in determination of gender, removal of a certain portion of 9p may result in the making of male to female (reversal of sex), that leads to a female that has the genotype of male X, Y.

Sorting nexin 3 (SNX3) belongs to the large family of hydrophilic proteins, which interact with various receptor types and are involved in intracellular trafficking. SNX3 interacts with phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, and is involved in protein trafficking. SNX3 comprises a distinct subgroup of nexins, which share less sequence similarity outside of the PX domain and have significantly different binding affinities for the tyrosine kinase receptors.

CXCL14 is involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. BRAK protein is structurally related to the CXC (Cys-X-Cys) subfamily of cytokines. CXCL14 displays chemotactic activity for monocytes but not for lymphocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils or macrophages. CXCL14 is involved in the homeostasis of monocyte-derived macrophages.

Interleukin 13 Receptor, Alpha 2 (IL13RA2) is a member of the type I cytokine receptor family, Type 5 subfamily. IL13RA2 is related to l13RA1, a subunit of the interleukin 13 receptor complex. IL13RA2 binds IL13 with high affinity, though lacking the cytoplasmic domain, and does not appear to function as a signal mediator. IL13RA2 plays a role in the internalization of IL13.