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Fetuin is a liver-produced negative acute phase protein composed of two subunits, the A and B chains.
Fetuin homologs have been identified in several species including rat, sheep, pig, rabbit, guinea pig, cattle, mouse and human. Multiple physiological roles for these homologs have been suggested, including ability to bind to hydroxyapatite crystals and to specifically inhibit the tyrosine kinase (TK) activity of the receptor (IR).
Fetuin-A (alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein; AHSG) is an important circulating inhibitor of calcification in vivo, and is downregulated during the acute-phase response.
Sera from patients on long-term dialysis with low AHSG concentrations showed impaired ex-vivo capacity to inhibit CaxPO4 precipitation.
Fetuin may influence the resolution of inflammation by modulating the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages.
ASHG blocks TGF-beta-dependent signaling in osteoblastic cells, and mice lacking ASHG display growth plate defects, increased bone formation with age, and enhanced cytokine-dependent osteogenesis.

Dysbindin domain-containing protein 2 (DBNDD2) is a member of the dysbindin family. DBNDD2 regulates the activity of casein kinase-1 and inhibits CSNK1D autophosphorylation (in vitro). DBNDD2 also interacts with CSNK1D and CSNK1E. DBNDD2 is detected in brain.

Borrelia is a part of the genus of bacteria of the spirochete phylum. Borrelia causes borreliosis, which is a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted mainly by ticks and some by lice, depending on the species. Of the 36 known species of Borrelia, 12 are distinguished to cause Lyme disease or borreliosis and are transmitted by ticks. The main Borrelia species causing Lyme disease are Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia garinii. Variable major protein like sequence E1 protein (VlsE1) is a borrelial surface protein which is the most sensitive protein for IgG antibody detection in all stages of Lyme disease.

Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 1 (UBLCP1) dephosphorylates 26S nuclear proteasomes, thereby decreasing their proteolytic activity. The dephosphorylation averts assembly of the core and regulatory particles (CP and RP) into mature 26S proteasome.

BRISC And BRCA1 A Complex Member 1, also known as BABAM1, is a part of the BRCA1-A complex. The BRCA1-A complex identifies 'Lys-63'- linked ubiquitinated histones H2A and H2AX at DNA lesions sites and also holds deubiquitinase activity which removes in particular 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin on histones H2A and H2AX. BABAM1 is necessary to preserve the stability of BRE/BRCC45 and help the 'Lys-63'-linked deubiquitinase activity mediated by BRCC3/BRCC36 component.

PA2G4 belongs to the peptidase M24C family and functions as an RNA-binding protein involved in cellular proliferation and differentiation processes. PA2G4 is a component of pre-ribosomal ribonucleoprotein complexes, participating in ribosome assembly and regulating the later steps of rRNA processing. Also, PA2G4 interacts with ErbB-3 and may function as a modulator of the ErbB-3 mediated signal transduction pathway by regulating the effects of Neuregulin-1. Furthermore, PA2G4 is a transcriptional co-repressor of androgen receptor-regulated genes and other cell cycle regulatory genes through its interactions with histone deacetylases. PA2G4 is implicated in growth inhibition and the induction of differentiation of human cancer cells. In addition, PA2G4 mediates cap-independent translation of specific viral IRESs (internal ribosomal entry site). PA2G4 associates with 28S, 18S and 5.8S mature rRNAs, several rRNA precursors and probably U3 small nucleolar RNA.

TBC1D1 belongs to a family of proteins sharing a 180-200 a.a TBC domain having a role in regulating cell growth and differentiation of various tissues. These proteins share significant homology with TRE2, yeast Bub2, and CDC16. TBC1D1 function as a GTPase-activating protein for Rab family proteins. TBC1D1 is involved in the trafficking and translocation of GLUT4-containing vesicles. Among the diseases associated with TBC1D1 are tuberculous meningitis, and meningitis.

ULBP2 is a member of the MHC class I family. ULBP2 is ligand for the NKG2D receptor, composed with at least ULBP1 and ULBP3. ULBPs promote multiple signaling pathways in primary NK cells, triggering the production of cytokines and chemokines. Binding of ULBPs ligands to NKG2D encourages calcium mobilization and activation of the JAK2, STAT5, ERK and PI3K kinase/Akt signal transduction pathway. In CMV infected cells, ULBP2 cooperates with soluble CMV glycoprotein UL16. This cooperation is blocked with the NKG2D receptor, providing a mechanism in which CMV infected cells can escape the immune system. Additionally, UL16 causes ULBP2 to be held in the ER and cis-Golgi apparatus so that it does not reach the cell surface.

RBBP9, restricts to the nucleus and cytoplasm, is a retinoblastoma binding protein which takes part in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. RBBP9 cooperates with retinoblastoma (Rb) and offers cellular resistance to the growth-inhibitory effects of TGFbeta1, therefore enabling the cellular transformation process.

Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2G2 (UBE2G2) is a protein coding gene which is a part of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. UBE2G2 accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to various proteins. UBE2G2 is ubiquitously expressed mainly in adult muscle. UBE2G2 also takes part in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD).

Vascular endothelial growth factor is an important signaling protein involved in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. As its name implies, VEGF activity has been mostly studied on cells of the vascular endothelium, although it does have effects on a number of other cell types (e.g. stimulation monocyte/ macrophagemigration, neurons, cancer cells, kidney epithelial cells ).VEGF mediates increased vascular permeability, induces angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth, promotes cell migration, and inhibits apoptosis. In vitro, VEGF has been shown to stimulate endothelial cell mitogenesisand cell migration. VEGF is also a vasodilator and increases microvascular permeability and was originally referred to as vascular permeability factor.
Elevated levels of this protein are linked to POEMS syndrome, also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome. Mutations in this gene have been associated with proliferative and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta isoform 1 (GDI2) is a member of the GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) family. GDI proteins can bind and release GDP-bound Rab proteins from membranes. GDI1 interacts with virtually all of the Rab proteins, whereas GDI2 interacts with Rabll but not Rab3A. GDI2 distributes ubiquitously, presenting a membrane bound location in perinuclear regions of cells.

Ubiquitin D (UBD) is an ubiquitin-like modifier (UBL) of the ubiquitin protein family. UBD is an ubiquitin-like protein which can form covalent conjugates, thus targeting proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. It is assumed that, UBD has roles in regulation of cell cycle, innate immunity, and apoptosis. UBD is a TNF-a inducible ubiquitin-like protein with a presumed role in the immune response.

HBsAg is the surface antigenof the Hepatitis-B-Virus (HBV). The capsidof a virus has different surface proteins from the rest of the virus. The antigen is a protein that binds specifically on one of these surface proteins. It is commonly referred to as the Australian Antigen.

A human infecting coronavirus (viral pneumonia) called 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV was found in the fish market at the city of Wuhan, Hubei province of China on December 2019.

The 2019-nCoV shares an 87% identity to the 2 bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome 2018 SARS-CoV-2 located in Zhoushan of eastern China. 2019-nCoV has an analogous receptor-BD-structure to that of 2018 SARS-CoV, even though there is a.a. diversity so thus the 2019-nCoV might bind to ACE2 receptor protein (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) in humans.

While bats are possibly the host of 2019-nCoV, researchers suspect that animal from the ocean sold at the seafood market was an intermediate host. RSCU analysis proposes that the 2019-nCoV is a recombinant within the viral spike glycoprotein between the bat coronavirus and an unknown coronavirus.

Estrogen receptors α (ERα, ER; NR3A1) is a member of the steroid hormone receptor family. ERα is a ligand-activated transcription factor. ERα contain DNA binding and ligand binding domains. ERα is expressed in a wide variety of tissues, including ovary, uterus, breast, prostate, testis, epididymis, bones, bladder, kidney, heart, vessel wall, pituitary gland and hypothalamus. ER plays a variety of important roles in the maintenance of the reproductive, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and central nervous systems. The natural ligand for ER is 17β-estradiol, the classical estrogenic compound. The binding of estrogen to ER induces a conformational change and triggers a cascade of events, including dissociation from heat shock proteins, receptor dimerization, phosphorylation and the association of the hormone activated receptor with specific regulatory elements in target genes.

Caused by one of four closely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no cross-protection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes (hyperendemicity) can occur. In cell culture experiments and mice Morpholino antisense oligos have shown specific activity against Dengue virus.

Caused by one of four closely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no cross-protection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes (hyperendemicity) can occur. In cell culture experiments and mice Morpholino antisense oligos have shown specific activity against Dengue virus.

Dengue fever is affected by 1 of 4 closely linked virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. One might have dengue fever infected by the different serotype virus after the primary infection. Detection of particular antibodies to dengue viruses is used for the diagnosis in clinic. Recently, lateral flow rapid test products have become a most suitable and known method in the clinical diagnosis. Though, there is difficulty for manufacturers to have the dengue antigens with a whole coverage for Dengue IgG & IgM recognition for all 4 serotype infections as well as with colloid gold binding ability. 8 dengue antigens have been established for the lateral flow products which are well defined for their coverage of dengue IgG & IgM recognition. The researcher can select the products below based on their own specific application.

Receptors across the cell membrane interact with some viral glycoproteins therefor enabling HSV to enter the host cell. The HSV enter through pores created by the binding of particular receptors across the cell membrane with the virus's coating envelope, following by a fusion of the HSV and the host cell. HSV enters the host cell through the same mechanism and stages as other viruses do. Initially, matching receptors across the virus's envelope and host cell's membrane interacts and bring the two together. During the transitional stage, begins fusion between the host cell and virus (hemifusion state). The closing stage happens when a steady pore was made; through these pores the virus's particles enter the cell.

Dendritic cell and monocyte chemokinelike protein (DMC/CXCL17/VEGF-correlated chemokine 1/VCC1), is a secreted molecule with a size and predicted 3-dimensional folding pattern similar to that of chemokines CXCL8/IL8 and CXCL14/BRAK. CXCL17 is constitutively generated by airway and intestinal epithelium. CXCL17 induces the chemotaxis of quiescent, but not LPS-activated peripheral blood monocytes and dendritic cells, and it also binds these cells specifically. The expression of CXCL17 is increased in endothelial cells when they are induced to form tubes in vitro. CXCL17, CXCL1/GRO and CXCL8/IL8 which have roles in angiogenesis, show significantly correlated expression with that of VEGF in primary lung, breast and esophageal tumors. Therefore, CXCL17 is suggested to have a role in tumor angiogenesis. The mature Rat CXCL17 shares 82%, 71% amino acid sequence identity with mouse, human CXCL17, respectively.

Endoplasmic reticulum protein 27kDa (ERP27) is a widely expressed protein which localizes to the ER and may act as a protease, protein disulfide isomerase, thiol-disulfide oxidase or phospholipase. ERP27 doesn’t contain a CXXC active site motif indicating that it is a catalytically redox-inactive member of the protein disulfide isomerase family.