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UDP Glucuronosyltransferase 1 Family Polypeptide A1, also known as UGT1A1 has a main importance in the conjugation as well as subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. UGT1A1 is also capable of catalyzing glucuronidation of 17beta, 17alpha, 1-hydroxypyrene, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, paranitrophenol, scopoletin, and umbelliferone.

SULT1B1 enzyme in humans is encoded by the SULT1B1 gene. SULT1B1 holds a binding site for 3-prime-phosphoadenosine 5-prime-phosphosulfate, a sulfate donor, in addition to a cysteine residue conserved in the ST1 gene family of sulfotransferases. Sulfotransferases like SULT1B1 catalyze the biotransformation of a great amount of endogenous amalgams such as bile acids, neurotransmitters, steroids, and thyroid hormones, in addition to drugs and xenobiotics.

AKR7A2 participates in the detoxification of aldehydes and ketones. AKR7A2 catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of succinic semialdehyde to gamma-hydroxybutyrate. AKR7A2 is involved in producing the neuromodulator gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). AKR7A2 has extensive substrate specificity. AKR7A2 shows NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase activity towards 2-carboxybenzaldehyde, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and pyridine-2-aldehyde (in vitro). AKR7A2 reduces 1,2-naphthoquinone and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (in vitro). AKR7A2 reduces the dialdehyde protein-binding form of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to the non-binding AFB1 dialcohol. AKR7A2 takes part in protection of liver against the toxic and carcinogenic effects of AFB1, a potent hepatocarcinogen.

AKR1C4 is a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily that has over 40 known enzymes and proteins. AKR1C4 enables the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols by using NADH and/or NADPH as cofactors. AKR1C4 takes part in the bioreduction of chlordecone, a toxic organochlorine pesticide, to chlordecone alcohol in liver.

AKR7A3, takes part in the detoxification of aldehydes and ketones. AKR7A3 reduces the dialdehyde protein-binding form of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to the non-binding AFB1 dialcohol. AKR7A3 participates in protection of liver against the toxic and carcinogenic effects of AFB1, a potent hepatocarcinogen.

RND1 is a Rho-related GTPases that form a separate branch of the Rho family, since they are different in charge, size, and biochemical properties. RND1 is found in the activated GTP-bound form and performs as a negative regulator of actin assembly and of cell adhesion. RND1 assists in regulation of the organization of the actin cytoskeleton as a reaction to extracellular growth factors.

Ankyrin Repeat Family A2, also known as ANKRA2 contains 5 ANK repeats. ANKRA2 assist endocytosis by linking megalin to components of the cytoskeleton or endocytic machinery.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that was previously called GRO1 oncogene, Neutrophil-activating protein 3 (NAP-3) and melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha (MSGA-a). It is secreted by human melanoma cells, has mitogenic properties and is implicated in melanoma pathogenesis. CXCL1 is expressed by macrophages, neutrophils and epithelial cells, and has neutrophil chemoattractant activity. CXCL1 plays a role in spinal cord development by inhibiting the migration of oligodendrocyte precursors and is involved in the processes of angiogenesis, inflammation, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. This chemokine elicits its effects by signaling through the chemokine receptor CXCR2. The gene for CXCL1 is located on human chromosome 4 amongst genes for other CXC chemokines.

Ro 60 kDa autoantigen is an RNA-binding protein that binds to several small cytoplasmic RNA molecules known as Y RNAs. SSA2 may stabilize these RNAs from degradation. Sera taken from patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) often contains antibodies that react with the normal cellular SSA2 protein as if this antigen was foreign.

AKR1C3 is part of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which has at least 40 identified proteins. AKR1C3 catalyzes the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols by utilizing NADH and/or NADPH as cofactors. AKR1C3 displays overlapping but distinct substrate specificity. AKR1C3 catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGH2 and phenanthrenequinone (PQ), and the oxidation of 9alpha,11beta-PGF2 to PGD2. AKR1C3 is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases such as asthma. AKR1C3 controls cell growth and/or differentiation. AKR1C3 takes part in adrenal testosterone production. AKR1C3 expression is affected by metabolic disease, and its levels are considerably reduced in response to diet-induced weight loss and correlate with leptin levels.

RHOG belongs to the Rac subfamily of the Rho family of small G proteins. RHOG is a small monomeric GTP-binding protein (G protein), and is a key element of several intracellular signalling pathways. RHOG is needed for the formation of membrane ruffles during macropinocytosis. RHOG takes part in cell migration and is essential for the formation of cup-like structures during trans-endothelial migration of leukocytes. Similar to various small G proteins RHOG has a role in several cellular signalling mechanisms such as cell motility, gene transcription, endocytosis, neurite outgrowth, protection from anoikis and regulation of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase.

GIMAP6 is a member of the GTPases of immunity-associated proteins (GIMAP) family. GIMAP proteins contain GTP-binding and coiled-coil motifs, and may play roles in the regulation of cell survival. Decreased expression of this gene may play a role in non-small cell lung cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, which is found in a cluster with seven additional GIMAP genes on the long arm of chromosome 7.

DNAJC19 is part of a complex involved in the ATP-dependent transport of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner cell membrane to the mitochondrial matrix. DNAJC19 is a single-pass membrane protein which contains a J domain and is localized to the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. Expressed ubiquitously, DNAJC19 acts as a component of the mitochondrial DNAJC19 complex that is responsible for the ATP-dependent translocation of select proteins from the inner mitochondrial membrane to the mitochondrial matrix. Defects in the DNAJC19 gene are the cause of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 5 (MGA5), otherwise known as dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia (DCMA).

Sulfotransferase 1C4 (SULT1C4) is a member of the SULT subfamily. SULT1C4 is responsible for transferring a sulfo moiety from PAPS to phenol-containing compounds. Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. Sulfotransferase enzymes are different in their tissue distributions and substrate specificities. SULT1C4 catalyzes the sulfonation of p-nitrophenol and N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene.

RAB3A Interacting Protein Like 1 (RAB3IL1) is a 382 amino acid protein which is a member of the SEC2 family. RAB3IL1 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rab3A. RAB3IL1 competes for interaction with Rab3A and IHPK1 via its coiled coil domain, which doesn’t involve IHPK1 kinase activity.

RAB6A is a member of the small GTPase superfamily. RAB6A may be involved in protein transport. RAB6A is a regulator of membrane traffic from the Golgi apparatus towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and has a low GTPase activity.

Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member D1 (AKR1D1) belongs to the AKR superfamily. The AKR family proteins are soluble NADPH oxidoreductases, which have vital roles in the metabolism of drugs, carcinogens and reactive aldehydes. AKR1D1 is also responsible for the catalysis of the 5-beta-reduction of bile acid intermediates and steroid hormones that carry a delta (4)-3-1 structure. AKR1D1 is highly expressed in the liver, colon and testis. Deficiency of the AKR1D1 enzyme may contribute to hepatic dysfunction.

FAM50A is a member of the FAM50 family. FAM50A is highly conserved in length and sequence among numerous species. FAM50A is a basic protein comprised of a nuclear localization signal, and can function as a DNA-binding protein or a transcriptional factor. FAM50A expressed in all tissues mainly abundant in fetal brain, liver and kidney. High levels of FAM50A were observed in the adult's skeletal muscle, spleen, thymus, prostate and the small intestine.

Ras-related protein Rab-35 (RAB35) is restricted to the plasma membrane and endocytic compartments and controls a fast endocytic recycling pathway. Inhibition of Rab35 function leads to the accumulation of endocytic markers on numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles in cells that failed cytokinesis, which is consistent with a central requirement for Rab35-regulated recycling during cell division.

UBE2K belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes family which take part in many cellular processes such as selective protein degradation, DNA repair, cell cycle control, and sporulation. In this mechanism, the ATP-coupled activation and subsequent ligation of ubiquitin are catalyzed by separate enzymes functionally linked by ubiquitin carrier protein UBC1. In addition, UBE2K is involved in Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and antigen processing through its interaction with amyloid-?, huntingtin, and MHC-heavy chain proteins.

RHOC is a small signaling G protein/GTPase which is part of the Rac subfamily of the family Rho family of GTPases. RHOC rotats between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and has a role as a molecular switch in signal transduction cascades. RHOC promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulates cell shape, attachment, and motility.

POU6F1 is a member of the POU transcription factor family. POU6F1 is transcription factor that binds favorably to a variant of the octamer motif (5'-ATGATAAT-3'). POU6F1 is exclusively expressed in the embryo in the developing brain, however in the adult its expression is confined to the brain, heart, skeletal muscle and lung. In the brain, the highest expression levels are found in specific cell layers of the cortex, the olfactory bulb, the hippocampus and the cerebellum.

GTPase, IMAP Family Member 5 (GIMAP5) is a part of the GTP-binding superfamily and the immuno-associated nucleotide subfamily of nucleotide-binding proteins. GIMAP5 is an antiapoptotic protein which is required for mitochondrial integrity and T-cell survival. Polymorphisms in GIMAP5 are related with systemic lupus erythematosus. Read-through transcription can be found between GIMAP5 and the neighboring upstream GIMAP1 (GTPase, IMAP family member 1) gene. GIMAP5 also contributes to T-cell quiescence.