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LSM5 also known as LSM5 Homolog, U6 Small Nuclear RNA Associated belongs to the Sm protein family. This family is identified in a variety of organisms based on sequence homology. Sm-like proteins contain the Sm sequence motif, which consists of 2 regions separated by a linker of variable length which folds as a loop. In addition, the Sm-like proteins are thought to create a stable heteromer present in tri-snRNP particles, which are important for pre-mRNA splicing. Among the diseases associated with LSM5 are spinal muscular atrophy, and muscular atrophy.

RNA methyltransferase-like protein 1, also known as RNMTL1 is a member of the RNA methyltransferase TrmH family. RNMTL1 is probable RNA methyltransferase and expressed at an equal level in normal liver and hepatocarcinoma.

Polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) Polypeptide H(POLR3H) is a member of the eukaryotic RPB7/RPC8 RNA polymerase subunit family. POLR3H is DNA-dependent RNA polymerase which catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA utilizing the 4 ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. POLR3H has a central role in sensing and curbing infection by intracellular bacteria and DNA viruses. POLR3H functions as nuclear and cytosolic DNA sensor which is involved in innate immune response.

SNUPN is a nuclear import adaptor protein which is part of the Snurportin family.
SNUPN is Localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus and contains an N-terminal IBB domain and a trimethylguanosine (m3G)-cap binding domain. SNUPN binds specifically the terminal 2,2,7-m3G-cap at the 5'' end of U snRNPs and is involved in transport of U snRNPs into the nucleus through an association with Importin β.

Mediator Complex Subunit 20 (MED20) is a subunit of the Mediator complex, which is a multiprotein coactivator of RNA transcription that interacts with DNA-bound transcriptional activators, RNA polymerase II, and general initiation factors. The Mediator functions as a link to transmit information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription apparatus. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and functions as a scaffold for the compilation of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors.

TCEB2 is a subunit of the SIIII complex which is a heterotrimer consisting of a transcriptionally active subunit (A) and two regulatory subunits (B and C). TCEB2 initiates elongation by RNA polymerase II by suppressing transient pausing of the polymerase at many sites within transcription units. The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein binds to elongins B and C, and thereby inhibits transcription elongation.

CRCP is a ubiquitous coupling protein for the calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin receptors. CRCP controls ligand sensitivity in several tissues and has DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity, catalytic activity and calcitonin receptor activity.

TFB1M is a member of the methyltransferase superfamily. TFB1M is a dimethyltransferase which methylates mitochondrial 12S rRNA at the conserved stem loop. The TFB1M protein also is part of the basal mitochondrial transcription complex and is required for mitochondrial gene expression. TFB1M stimulates transcription independently of the methyltransferase activity.

Transcription Factor B2, Mitochondrial (TFB2M) is an S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase which specifically dimethylates mitochondrial 12S rRNA at the conserved stem loop. In addition, TFB2M is essential for basal transcription of mitochondrial DNA, most likely via its interaction with POLRMT and TFAM. TFB2M promotes transcription independently of the methyltransferase activity. TFB2M like TFB1M, activates transcription of mitochondrial DNA more effectively, whilst having less methyltransferase activity.

MED7 is a member of the Mediator complex subunit 7 family. The activation of gene transcription is a multistep course which is initiated by factors which identify transcriptional enhancer sites in DNA and collaborate with co-activators to direct transcriptional initiation by the RNA polymerase II apparatus. The gene encode a subunit of the CRSP (cofactor required for SP1 activation) complex, that, together with TFIID, is needed for effective activation by SP1. Additionally, MED7 is also an element of other multisubunit complexes e.g. thyroid hormone receptor-(TR-) associated proteins that cooperate with TR and enables TR function on DNA templates in conjunction with initiation factors and cofactors.

Polymerase (RNA) I (DNA directed) Polypeptide C (POLR1C) is a subunit of both RNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase III complexes whose defects are related with Collins syndrome. POLR1C is a protein-coding gene and is part of the Pol core element

The Argonaute protein is part of the RISC or RNA-induced silencing complex, as so, the protein has a key part in the slicing processes of RNA. The RNA interference (RNAi) is being held by RISC. Small non-coding RNA fragments bond to the Argonaute proteins, through base pairing, eventually leads to the cleavage of messenger RNA or translation suppression.

TPRKB is a member of the CGI121/TPRKB family. TPRKB is localized to nucleus and cytoplasm and is ubiquitously expressed. TPRKB is known to cooperate with TP53RK/PRPK.

Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein 1 (SSBP) participates in mitochondrial biogenesis. SSBP binds preferentially and cooperatively to ss-DNA. The SSBP protein is involved in mitochondrial DNA replication and associates with mitochondrial DNA.

Polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) Polypeptide C (POLR2C) is the 3rd largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. The product of POLR2C consists of a cysteine rich area and exists as a heterodimer with an additional polymerase subunit, POLR2J. Those 2 subunits shape a core subassembly unit of the polymerase.

PCBP1 is a single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein that binds preferentially to oligo dC. PCBP1 plays a role in formation of a sequence-specific alpha-globin mRNP complex which is associated with alpha-globin mRNA stability. PCBP1 along with PCBP-2 and hnRNPK corresponds to the major cellular poly(rC)-binding protein. PCBP1 and PCBP-2 also functions as translational coactivators of poliovirus RNA via a sequence-specific interaction with stem-loop IV of the IRES and promotes poliovirus RNA replication by binding to its 5'-terminal cloverleaf structure.

Protein A is a cell wall protein deriving from Staphylococcus aureus which exhibits unique binding properties for IgG from a variety of mammalian species and for some IgM and IgA as well. It binds with the Fc region of immunoglobulins through interaction with the heavy chain. It couples to a wide variety of reporter molecules including fluorescent dyes, enzyme markers, biotin, colloidal gold and radioactive iodine without affecting the antibody binding site. Recombinant Protein A was developed to increase the specificity of the molecule for IgG and is widely used both in research and bioprocessing. The recombinant protein A is produced by expressing a modified protein A gene in E.coli. A specific purification process with strict quality control was taken to get the recombinant protein A with the purity of more than 98% , no human IgG affinity step is used during validated fermentation and purification and devoid of bacterial contaminant found normally in native Protein A. (Free of Staphylococcus endotoxins and hemolysin).

Maltose Binding Protein is a member of the maltose/maltodextrin system of E.Coli, which is accountable for the uptake and efficient catabolism of maltodextrins. The maltose/maltodextrin is a complex regulatory and transport system involving many proteins and protein complexes.
MBP elevates the yield of its fusion partner in many cases and is often able to promote the solubility of polypeptides to which it is fused.

LSM12 Homolog, U6 Small Nuclear RNA Associated (LSM12) is a member of the snRNP Sm proteins family. Sm-like proteins were detected in various organisms based on sequence homology with the Sm protein family. Sm-like proteins comprise the Sm sequence motif, which consists of two regions parted by a linker of variable length which folds as a loop. The Sm-like proteins are assumed to create a stable heteromer present in tri-snRNP particles, which are significant for pre-mRNA splicing.

ARL2BP is an effector of ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2(ARL2) which is vital for nuclear retention of STAT3. The ARL2BP protein binds to ARL2.GTP with high affinity but does not interact with ARL2.GDP, activated ARF, or RHO proteins. Though primarily cytosolic, ARL2BP can enter the mitochondria and bind the adenine nucleotide transporter while bound to ARL2. Accordingly, it may also be involved in mitochondria transport and apoptosis.

CBFB beta subunit is a heterodimeric core-binding transcription factor that is part of the PEBP2/CBF transcription factor family which controls a host of genes particulary to hematopoiesis and osteogenesis. CBFB is a non-DNA binding regulatory subunit which increases DNA binding by alpha subunit.

Nucleic acid binding protein 1 is a part of the SOSS complex, amultiprotein complex which functions downstream of the MRN complex to promote DNA repair and G2/M checkpoint.In the SOSS complex, NABP1 acts as a sensor of single-stranded DNA which binds to single-stranded DNA, inparticular to polypyrimidines. The SOSS complex links with DNA lesions and affects diverse endpoints in the cellular DNA damage response including cell-cycle checkpoint activation, recombinational repair andmaintenance of genomic stability. NABP1 is essential for efficient homologous recombination-dependent repairof double-strand breaks (DSBs) and ATM-dependent signaling pathways.

Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein L48, also known as MRPL48, is a mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal protein which assists in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes, mitoribosomes, consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They include an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition while comparing to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed.An additional dissimilarity between mammalian mitoribosomes & prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Between different species, the proteins containing the mitoribosome differ very much in sequence, as well as in biochemical properties from time to time, which prevents easy recognition through sequence homology. MRPL48 encodes a 39S subunit protein. A pseudogene corresponding to MRPL48 is found on chromosome 6p.

RAN Binding Protein 3, also known as RANBP3, is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm. RANBP3 which owns RanBD1 domain participates in nuclear export as part of a heteromeric complex. RANBP3 is also negatively regulates TGF-beta signaling by interacting with the R-SMAD proteins, SMAD2 and SMAD3.