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Description:

Growth and Differentiation Factor 15 D-Variant Human Recombinant

GDF-15, MIC1, MIC-1, NAG-1, PDF, PLAB, PTGFB, Growth/differentiation factor 15, Placental bone morphogenetic protein, Placental TGF-beta, Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1, Prostate differentiation factor, NSAID-activated gene 1 protein, NSAID-regulated gene 1 protein, NRG-1, GDF15.

Product # :

CYT-314

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Description

GDF15 D-variant (His substitutes Asp at position 7) Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a homodimeric, non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 2x113 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 24.5kDa. The GDF15 D-variant is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

GDF15 D-variant is lyophilized without additives.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
GDF15 is part of the TGF-Beta superfamily that is involved in regulating inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in injured tissues and throughout disease processes. GDF15 is most abundant in the liver. Its expression in liver can be considerably up-regulated in during injury of organs such as liver, kidney, heart and lung. GDF-15 promotes proliferation or growth arrest and differentiation due to differences in cellular differentiation. GDF15 prevents apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons by activating Akt and inhibiting endogenously active ERK. GDF15 is a novel autocrine/endocrine factor that antagonizes the hypertrophic response and loss of ventricular performance.
Synonyms
GDF-15, MIC1, MIC-1, NAG-1, PDF, PLAB, PTGFB, Growth/differentiation factor 15, Placental bone morphogenetic protein, Placental TGF-beta, Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1, Prostate differentiation factor, NSAID-activated gene 1 protein, NSAID-regulated gene 1 protein, NRG-1, GDF15.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized GDF15 D-variant although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution GDF15 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized GDF15 D-variant in sterile 5mM AcOH (acetic Acid) at a concentration of 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
MARNGDDCPL GPGRCCRLHT VRASLEDLGW ADWVLSPREV QVTMCIGACP SQFRAANMHA QIKTSLHRLK PDTVPAPCCV PASYNPMVLI QKTDTGVSLQ TYDDLLAKDC HCI.
Background
What is the molecular weight/Mw of GDF15 D HUMAN Protein?
GDF15 D HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 24.5kDa.

What is the source or expression system of GDF15 D HUMAN Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of GDF15 D HUMAN Protein?
GDF15 D HUMAN Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of GDF15 D HUMAN Protein?
The biological functionality of GDF15 D HUMAN Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of GDF15 D HUMAN Protein?
MARNGDDCPL GPGRCCRLHT VRASLEDLGW ADWVLSPREV QVTMCIGACP SQFRAANMHA QIKTSLHRLK PDTVPAPCCV PASYNPMVLI QKTDTGVSLQ TYDDLLAKDC HCI.

What applications can GDF15 D HUMAN Protein be used in?
GDF15 D HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for GDF15 D HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, GDF15 D HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Beta-Nerve Growth Factor Mouse

Beta Polypeptide, NGF, NGFB, HSAN5, Beta-NGF, MGC161426, MGC161428.

Product # :

CYT-440

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Description

NGF beta Mouse produced in Submaxillary Gland of Grown Mouse is a homodimer, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 2 identical 120 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 13,471 Dalton each.The NGF beta Mouse is purified by advanced biology purification technology.

Source

Submaxillary Gland of Grown Mouse.

Formulation

The NGF beta Mouse was lyophilized from solution containing 5% mannitol and 1% HSA.

Purity

Greater than 98% as determined by(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE .

Biological Activity

The method used to test the bioassay is the NGF-dependent survival of dorsal root ganglia neurons of chick embryo, corresponding to a Specific Activity of 500,000IU/mg.

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Introduction
NGF-beta has nerve growth stimulating activity and the complex is involved in the regulation of growth and the differentiation of sympathetic and certain sensory neurons. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, type 5 (HSAN5), and dysregulation of this gene's expression is associated with allergic rhinitis.
Synonyms
Beta Polypeptide, NGF, NGFB, HSAN5, Beta-NGF, MGC161426, MGC161428.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Mouse Beta-NGF although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Murine NGF-Beta should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Murine NGF-beta in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
SSTHPVFHMGEF SVCDSVSVWV GDKTTATDIK GKEVTVLAEV NINNSVFRQY FFETKCRASN PVESGCRGID SKHWNSYCTT THTFVKALTT DEKQAAWRFI RIDTACVCVL SRKATRRG.
Background
What is the molecular weight/Mw of B NGF Protein?
B NGF Protein has a total Mw of 13kDa.

What is the source or expression system of B NGF Protein?
Submaxillary Gland of Grown Mouse.

What is the Purity of B NGF Protein?
B NGF Protein is >98% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of B NGF Protein?
The method used to test the bioassay is the NGF-dependent survival of dorsal root ganglia neurons of chick embryo, corresponding to a Specific Activity of 500,000IU/mg.

What is the amino acid sequence of B NGF Protein?
SSTHPVFHMGEF SVCDSVSVWV GDKTTATDIK GKEVTVLAEV NINNSVFRQY FFETKCRASN PVESGCRGID SKHWNSYCTT THTFVKALTT DEKQAAWRFI RIDTACVCVL SRKATRRG.

What applications can B NGF Protein be used in?
B NGF Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for XXX Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, XXX Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Growth Hormone Human Recombinant, Plant

GH1, GH, GHN, GH-N, hGH-N,Pituitary growth hormone, Growth hormone 1, Somatotropin.

Product # :

CYT-053

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Description

GH human Recombinant produced in Nicotiana benthamiana plant is a single chain containing 205 amino acids (molecular formula C1025H1570N280O306S7) and 6-His-tag at the N-terminal having the total molecular mass of 22.9kDa.

Source

Nicotiana benthamiana plant

Formulation

Lyophilized from 1mg/ml solution in PBS 0.05M buffer at pH 7.5.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The biological activity of human Growth Hormone is measured by cell proliferation using Nb2-11 cells. ED50 < 0.04-0.1 ng/mL.

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Introduction
GH is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones which play an important role in growth control. The gene, along with four other related genes, is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 where they are interspersed in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. The five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones, leading to further diversity and potential for specialization. This particular family member is expressed in the pituitary but not in placental tissue as is the case for the other four genes in the growth hormone locus. Mutations in or deletions of the gene lead to growth hormone deficiency and short stature.
Synonyms
GH1, GH, GHN, GH-N, hGH-N,Pituitary growth hormone, Growth hormone 1, Somatotropin.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized GH although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution GH should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized GH in sterile 18M-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
HHHHHHFPTI PLSRPFDNAM LRAHRLHQLA FDTYQEFEEA YIPKEQKYSF LQNPQTSLCF SESIPTPSNR EETQQKSNLE LLRISLLLIQ SWLEPVQFLR SVFANSLVYG ASDSNVYDLL KDLEEGIQTL MGRLEDGSPR TGQIFKQTYS KFDTNSHNDD ALLKNYGLLY CFRKDMDKVE TFLRIVQCRS VEGSCGFAG

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Heregulin-B2 Human Recombinant

Neuregulin-1, NRG1, GGF, HGL, HRGA, NDF, SMDF, HRG, ARIA, GGF2, HRG1.

Product # :

CYT-407

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Description

Recombinant Human Neuregulin-1 beta 2 produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 61 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 7.0kDa. NRG-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered solution in PBS, pH 7.4.

Purity

Greater than 96.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED₅₀ as determined by a cell proliferation assay using serum free human MCF-7 cells is less than 5ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 2.0 × 10⁵ U/mg.

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Introduction
Neuregulin is a signaling protein for ErbB2/ErbB4 receptor heterodimers on the cardiac muscle cells, playing an important role in heart structure and function through inducing ErbB2/ErbB4 receptor phosphorylation and cardiomyocyte differentiation. Research on molecular level discovered that neuregulin recombinant could make disturbed myocardial cell structure into order and strengthen the connection between myocardial cells by intercalated discs re-organization. Pharmacodynamic experiments in animals showed that neuregulin (NRG1) recombinant can reduce the degree of damage on myocardial cells caused by ischemia, hypoxia and viral infection.
Synonyms
Neuregulin-1, NRG1, GGF, HGL, HRGA, NDF, SMDF, HRG, ARIA, GGF2, HRG1.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized NRG1 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Heregulin should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized NRG1 in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
SHLVKCAEKEKTFCVNGGECFMVKDLSNPSRYLCKCPNEFTGDRCQNYVMASFYKAEELYQ.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Fibronectin Leucine Rich Transmembrane Protein 3 Human Recombinant, HEK

Fibronectin Leucine Rich Transmembrane Protein 3, Fibronectin-Like Domain, Containing Leucine-Rich Transmembrane Protein 3, HH21, Leucine-Rich Repeat, Transmembrane Protein FLRT3, KIAA1469.

Product # :

PRO-2805

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Shipped with Ice Packs

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Description

FLRT3 Human Recombinant is a single, glycosylated, polypeptide chain (29-528 a.a) containing a total of 506 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 57.3 kDa. FLRT3 is fused to a 6 a.a his-Tag at C-terminus and is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

HEK293 Cells.

Formulation

FLRT3 protein solution (0.25mg/ml) contains Phosphate Buffered Saline (pH 7.4) and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

>40%. Measured by the ability of the immobilized protein to support the adhesion of Neuro-2a neuroblast cells. When cells are added to human FLRT3 coated plates 5 ug/ml.

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Synonyms
Fibronectin Leucine Rich Transmembrane Protein 3, Fibronectin-Like Domain, Containing Leucine-Rich Transmembrane Protein 3, HH21, Leucine-Rich Repeat, Transmembrane Protein FLRT3, KIAA1469.
Physical Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks.Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
KSCPSVCRCD AGFIYCNDRF LTSIPTGIPE DATTLYLQNN QINNAGIPSD LKNLLKVERI YLYHNSLDEF PTNLPKYVKE LHLQENNIRT ITYDSLSKIP YLEELHLDDN SVSAVSIEEG AFRDSNYLRL LFLSRNHLST IPWGLPRTIE ELRLDDNRIS TISSPSLQGL TSLKRLVLDG NLLNNHGLGD KVFFNLVNLT ELSLVRNSLT AAPVNLPGTN LRKLYLQDNH INRVPPNAFS
YLRQLYRLDM SNNNLSNLPQ GIFDDLDNIT QLILRNNPWY CGCKMKWVRD WLQSLPVKVN VRGLMCQAPE KVRGMAIKDL NAELFDCKDS GIVSTIQITT AIPNTVYPAQ GQWPAPVTKQ PDIKNPKLTK DHQTTGSPSR KTITITVKSV TSDTIHISWK LALPMTALRL SWLKLGHSPA FGSITETIVT GERSEYLVTA LEPDSPYKVC MVPMETSNLY LFDETPVCIE TETAPLRMYN
PTTTLNREQE KEPYKNPNLP HHHHHH.
Background
Fibronectin leucine-rich transmembrane protein 3, commonly known as FLRT3, stands as a molecular architect in the intricate landscape of neural development. Its roles, initially discovered in the embryonic nervous system, have expanded to encompass various physiological and pathological processes in both the brain and beyond. This research endeavors to unravel the enigma of FLRT3 protein, exploring its structural intricacies, physiological functions, and its far-reaching implications in neurobiology, embryogenesis, and disease. By delving into FLRT3's multifaceted roles, scientists aim to decipher the underlying mechanisms that govern its diverse functions and explore potential therapeutic avenues in the realms of neuroscience and beyond.
Structural Complexities of FLRT3:
FLRT3 belongs to the FLRT family, characterized by extracellular leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and a transmembrane domain. These structural motifs enable FLRT3 to participate in a myriad of interactions, including binding with cell adhesion molecules and guidance cues. Understanding the three-dimensional architecture of FLRT3 is fundamental for unraveling its molecular partnerships, biological activities, and its contributions to cell adhesion and signaling.
Physiological Functions in Neural Development:
In the developing nervous system, FLRT3 acts as a guidance molecule, steering growing axons and dendrites to their precise destinations. Through interactions with other cell surface receptors and ligands, FLRT3 modulates axon pathfinding, synapse formation, and neuronal migration. Its presence in growth cones and developing neural circuits underscores its significance in sculpting the intricate neural networks essential for proper brain function.
Beyond Neural Development:
Beyond its canonical roles in neurodevelopment, FLRT3 has emerged as a versatile player in various physiological processes. It participates in tissue morphogenesis, modulates cell adhesion, and influences immune responses. Recent studies have also implicated FLRT3 in cancer progression, highlighting its involvement in pathological conditions and making it a potential target for therapeutic interventions in cancer therapy.
FLRT3 as a Therapeutic Target:
The diverse roles of FLRT3 in neural development and diseases position it as an attractive target for therapeutic interventions. Modulating FLRT3 interactions offers novel avenues for neurological disorder treatments, including neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, understanding FLRT3's involvement in cancer biology opens doors for innovative cancer therapies, making it a promising target for precision medicine approaches.
FLRT3, with its intricate structural features and diverse functional roles, stands as a linchpin in the realms of neuroscience, embryogenesis, and disease. Its multifaceted contributions to neural development, tissue morphogenesis, and disease pathogenesis underscore its significance in both health and pathology. As researchers continue to unravel FLRT3’s complexities, they not only deepen our understanding of fundamental biological processes but also pave the way for groundbreaking discoveries in neuroscience and therapeutic interventions, ultimately shaping the future landscape of medicine and scientific inquiry.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 Human Recombinant

FLT-1, FLT1, Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor FLT, Flt-1, Tyrosine-protein kinase FRT, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, VEGFR-1.

Product # :

PKA-240

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Description

Soluble FLT1 Human Recombinant produced in baculovirus is monomeric, glycosylated, polypeptide containing 687 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 96 kDa. The soluble receptor protein contains only the first 6 extracellular domains, which contain all the information necessary for binding of VEGF.The FLT1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Insect Cells.

Formulation

FLT1 was lyophilized from a concentrated (1mg/ml) sterile solution containing 1xPBS.

Purity

Greater than 90.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The activity of FLT1 was determined by its ability to inhibit the VEGF (165)-induced proliferation of HUVECs.

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Introduction
Endothelial cells express three different vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, belonging to the family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). They are named VEGFR-1 (Flt-1), VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1), VEGFR-3 (Flt-4). Their expression is almost exclusively restricted to endothelial cells, but VEGFR-1 can also be found on monocytes, dendritic cells and on trophoblast cells. The flt-1 gene was first described in 1990. The receptor contains seven immunoglobulin-like extracellular domains, a single transmembrane region and an intracellular splited tyrosine kinase domain. Compared to VEGFR-2 the Flt-1 receptor has a higher affinity for VEGF but a weaker signaling activity. VEGFR-1 thus leads not to proliferation of endothelial cells, but mediates signals for differentiation. Interestingly a naturally occuring soluble variant of VEGFR-1 (sVEGFR-1) was found in HUVE supernatants in 1996, which is generated by alternative splicing of the flt-1 mRNA. The biological functions of sVEGFR-1 still are not clear, but it seems to be an endogenous regulator of angiogenesis, binding VEGF with the same affinity as the full-length receptor.
Synonyms
FLT-1, FLT1, Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor FLT, Flt-1, Tyrosine-protein kinase FRT, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, VEGFR-1.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized FLT-1 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution FLT1 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized FLT1 in sterile water not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
SKLK DPELSLKGTQ HIMQAGQTLH LQCRGEAAHK WSLPEMVSKE SERLSITKSA CGRNGKQFCS TLTLNTAQAN HTGFYSCKYL AVPTSKKKET ESAIYIFISD TGRPFVEMYS EIPEIIHMTE GRELVIPCRV TSPNITVTLK KFPLDTLIPD GKRIIWDSRK GFIISNATYK EIGLLTCEAT VNGHLYKTNY LTHRQTNTII DVQISTPRPV KLLRGHTLVL NCTATTPLNT RVQMTWSYPD EKNKRASVRR RIDQSNSHAN IFYSVLTIDK MQNKDKGLYT CRVRSGPSFK SVNTSVHIYD KAFITVKHRK QQVLETVAGK RSYRLSMKVK AFPSPEVVWL KDGLPATEKS ARYLTRGYSL IIKDVTEEDA GNYTILLSIK QSNVFKNLTA TLIVNVKPQI YEKAVSSFPD PALYPLGSRQ ILTCTAYGIP QPTIKWFWHP CNHNHSEARC DFCSNNEESF ILDADSNMGN RIESITQRMA IIEGKNKMAS TLVVADSRIS GIYICIASNK VGTVGRNISF YITDVPNGFH VNLEKMPTEG EDLKLSCTVN KFLYRDVTWI LLRTVNNRTM HYSISKQKMA ITKEHSITLN LTIMNVSLQD SGTYACRARN VYTGEEILQK KEITIRGEHC NKKAVFSRIS KFKSTRNDCT TQSNVKH

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-1

GHRP-1, GHRP1.

Product # :

HOR-021

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Description

Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-1 Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 5 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 955.11 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C51H62N12O7.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized with no additives.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by analysis by RP-HPLC.

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Introduction
GH-releasing peptides (GHRPs) are synthetic peptides that like GHRH effect on pituitary somatotrophs to stimulate GH release. The GHRP1 is one of several synthetic met-enkephalin analogs that owns unnatural D-amino acids. They were developed for their growth hormone (GH) releasing activity and called GH secretatogues. They lack opioid activity but are potent stimulators of GH release. These secretatogues are distinct from the growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH or GHRF) as they share no sequence relation and derive their function through action at a completely different receptor, the ghrelin receptor.
Synonyms
GHRP-1, GHRP1.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-1 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution GHRP1 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized GHRP1 in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100 µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
Ala-His-(D-β-Nal)-Ala-Trp-(D-Phe)-Lys-NH2.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Amphiregulin Human Recombinant

Schwannoma-derived growth factor, Colorectum cell-derived growth factor, AR, CRDGF, SDGF, AREGB, MGC13647.

Product # :

CYT-041

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Quantity :

Shipping Method :

Shipped at Room temp

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Description

Amphiregulin (AREG) Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 98 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 11.3 KDa.The AREG is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered concentrated solution in PBS, pH7.4.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Determined by its ability to stimulate the proliferation of mouse Balb/c 3T3 cells. The expected ED₅₀ for this effect is 5-10 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 100,000-200,000units/mg.

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Synonyms
Schwannoma-derived growth factor, Colorectum cell-derived growth factor, AR, CRDGF, SDGF, AREGB, MGC13647.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized AREG although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution AREG should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized AREG in sterile 18M-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
SVRVEQVVKP PQNKTESENT SDKPKRKKKG GKNGKNRRNR KKKNPCNAEF QNFCIHGECK YIEHLEAVTC KCQQEYFGER CGEKSMKTHS MIDSSLSK.
Background
Amphiregulin Human Recombinant: Exploring its Role in Cancer Biology and Therapeutic Applications
Abstract:

Amphiregulin, a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, has gained significant attention in cancer research. This research paper provides an overview of Amphiregulin human recombinant, highlighting its molecular characteristics, signaling pathways, and therapeutic potential. Understanding the multifaceted role of Amphiregulin opens avenues for targeted cancer therapies. This article provides a concise analysis of Amphiregulin, emphasizing its impact on cancer biology and its therapeutic applications.
Introduction:

Cancer continues to be a significant health challenge worldwide, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. Amphiregulin, an EGF family member, has emerged as a promising target in cancer research. This paper provides an overview of Amphiregulin, shedding light on its structure, function, and therapeutic potential.
Amphiregulin Signaling and Mechanisms:

Amphiregulin exerts its effects through the binding and activation of the EGF receptor (EGFR). Upon activation, a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways is triggered, including the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. These pathways regulate critical cellular processes such as cell proliferation, survival, migration, and angiogenesis.
Amphiregulin in Cancer Biology:

Amphiregulin has been implicated in various aspects of cancer biology, including tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Its overexpression is observed in several cancer types, and its role in promoting tumor growth and metastasis has been demonstrated in preclinical studies. Targeting Amphiregulin signaling shows promise in inhibiting cancer progression and overcoming therapy resistance.
Therapeutic Potential of Amphiregulin Human Recombinant:

Amphiregulin human recombinant holds significant therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Strategies aimed at blocking Amphiregulin-EGFR interactions or inhibiting downstream signaling pathways are being explored as potential therapeutic interventions. Additionally, Amphiregulin could serve as a predictive biomarker to identify patients who are more likely to respond to targeted therapies.
Challenges and Future Directions:

While the therapeutic targeting of Amphiregulin shows promise, several challenges need to be addressed. Further research is required to fully understand the complex interplay between Amphiregulin and other molecular pathways in cancer biology. Additionally, the development of specific and potent inhibitors and the identification of patient selection criteria are important considerations for successful clinical translation.
Conclusion:

Amphiregulin human recombinant represents a promising avenue for targeted cancer therapy. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and functional implications of Amphiregulin in cancer biology offers new opportunities for developing innovative treatments. Continued research in this field has the potential to improve patient outcomes and contribute to the advancement of personalized medicine.
What is the molecular weight/Mw of AREG Protein?
AREG Protein has a total Mw of 11.3kDa.

What is the source or expression system of AREG Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of AREG Protein?
AREG Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of AREG Protein?
Determined by its ability to stimulate the proliferation of mouse Balb/c 3T3 cells. The expected ED50 for this effect is 5-10 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 100,000-200,000units/mg.

What is the amino acid sequence of AREG Protein?
SVRVEQVVKP PQNKTESENT SDKPKRKKKG GKNGKNRRNR KKKNPCNAEF QNFCIHGECK YIEHLEAVTC KCQQEYFGER CGEKSMKTHS MIDSSLSK.

What applications can AREG Protein be used in?
AREG Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for AREG Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, AREG Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Cytokeratin 20 Human Recombinant

Keratin type I cytoskeletal 20, Cytokeratin-20, CK-20, Keratin-20, K20, Protein IT, KRT20, CD20, CK20, KRT21, MGC35423.

Product # :

PRO-351

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Description

Cytokeratin 20 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single,non-glycosylated polypeptide chain having a molecular mass of 48,553 Dalton. The KRT20 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The protein (1mg/1ml) was lyophilized after from a sterile solution containing 30mM Tris-HCL pH-8, 9.5M urea, 2mM DDT, 2mM EDTA and 10mM methylammonium chloride.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
KRT20 is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. The type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. This cytokeratin is a major cellular protein of mature enterocytes and goblet cells and is specifically expressed in the gastric and intestinal mucosa. The type I cytokeratin genes are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21.
Synonyms
Keratin type I cytoskeletal 20, Cytokeratin-20, CK-20, Keratin-20, K20, Protein IT, KRT20, CD20, CK20, KRT21, MGC35423.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized KRT20 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution KRT20 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized KRT20 in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Reconstitution to filaments
Performed by mixing equimolar amounts of cytokeratins of type I and type II at concentrations of approx. 0.5 mg/ml, both dissolved in 9.5 M urea buffer (see above). Protofilaments and filament complexes are obtained by dialyzing the resulting polypeptide solution stepwise to a concentration of 4 M urea and then to low salt condition (50 mM NaCI, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 10 mM Tris-HCI, pH 7.4). For immunization purposes, the solution can be further dialyzed against PBS (phosphate buffered saline, e.g. Dulbecco's PBS).

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Small EDRK-Rich Factor 2 Human Recombinant

Small EDRK-rich factor 2, Gastric cancer-related protein VRG107, Protein 4F5-related, 4F5re, h4F5rel, FAM2C, HsT17089.

Product # :

PRO-1730

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Description

SERF2 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 82 amino acids (1-59 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 9.3kDa.SERF2 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

SERF2 protein solution (0.25mg/ml) containing 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 0.15M NaCl and 30% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 85.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
SERF2 (small EDRK-rich factor 2) is a member of the SERF family. SERF2 is a protein-coding gene. Among the diseases associated with SERF2 are spinal muscular atrophy, and muscular atrophy.
Synonyms
Small EDRK-rich factor 2, Gastric cancer-related protein VRG107, Protein 4F5-related, 4F5re, h4F5rel, FAM2C, HsT17089.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered clear solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSMTRGNQR ELARQKNMKK QSDSVKGKRR DDGLSAAARK QRDSEIMQQK QKKANEKKEE PK

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Neurotrophin-3 Human Recombinant

Neurotrophic factor, Nerve growth factor-2, NGF-2, HDNF, NT-3.

Product # :

CYT-257

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Description

Neurotrophin-3 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a non-glycosylated and non-covalently linked homodimer, containing 2x120 amino acid chains, having a total Mw of 27.5 kDa. The NT-3 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Lyophilized from 0.1% TFA.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED₅₀ as determined by the dose-dependent proliferation of neuroblastoma cell line expressing BR6 is 3.49 ng/ml.

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Introduction
NT3 a member of the neurotrophin family, that controls survival and differentiation of mammalian neurons. This protein is closely related to both nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. It may be involved in the maintenance of the adult nervous system, and may affect development of neurons in the embryo when it is expressed in human placenta. NTF3-deficient mice generated by gene targeting display severe movement defects of the limbs. The mature peptide of this protein is identical in all mammals examined including human, pig, rat and mouse.
Synonyms
Neurotrophic factor, Nerve growth factor-2, NGF-2, HDNF, NT-3.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized NGF2 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution NGF-2 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Neurotrophin-3 in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
MYAEHKSHRGE YSVCDSESLW VTDKSSAIDI RGHQVTVLGE IKTGNSPVKQ YFYETRCKEA RPVKNGCRGI DDKHWNSQCK TSQTYVRALT SENNKLVGWR WIRIDTSCVC ALSRKIGRT.
Protein content
Protein quantitation was carried out by two independent methods:1. UV spectroscopy at 280 nm using the absorbency value of 2.165 as the extinction coefficient for a 0.1% (1mg/ml) solution. This value is calculated by the PC GENE computer analysis program of protein sequences (IntelliGenetics). 2. Analysis by RP-HPLC, using a standard solution of NT-3 as a Reference Standard.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Platelet-derived Growth Factor AA Human Recombinant, Yeast

Glioma-derived growth factor, GDGF, Osteosarcoma-derived Growth Factor, ODGF, PDGF-AA, PDGF-1.

Product # :

CYT-568

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Description

PDGF-AA Human Recombinant produced in Yeast is a homodimeric, glycosilated, polypeptide chain containing 2 x 110 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 34 kDa. PDGF-AA is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Pichia Pastoris.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized with 20mM sodium phosphate buffer.

Purity

Greater than 98.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED50 was found to be 1ng/ml corresponding to a Specific Activity of 1,000,000IU/mg calculated by the ability to stimulate the proliferation of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts (PNAS 94, 10205, 1997. Biochemistry, 1996, 35, 12077).

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Introduction
PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB, are potent mitogens for a variety of cell types including smooth muscle cells, connective tissue cells, bone and cartilage cells, and some blood cells. The PDGF is stored in platelet alpha-granules and released upon platelet activation. The PDGF is involved in a number of biological processes, including hyperplasia, chemotaxis, embryonic neuron development, and respiratory tubule epithelial cell development. Two distinct signaling receptors used by PDGF have been identified and named PDGFR-alpha and PDGFR-beta. PDGFR-alpha is high-affinity receptor for each of the three PDGF forms. On the other hand, PDGFR-beta interacts with only PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB.
Synonyms
Glioma-derived growth factor, GDGF, Osteosarcoma-derived Growth Factor, ODGF, PDGF-AA, PDGF-1.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized PDGF-AA although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution PDGF-AA should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized PDGF-AA in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Prolactin Receptor Antagonist Human Recombinant

Mammotropin, Luteotropic hormone, Luteotropin, PRL.

Product # :

CYT-1254

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Description

Prolactin Human Receptor Antagonist del 1-9, G129R mutant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 190 amino acids + an additional Ala at n-terminal and having a molecular mass of ~ 22 kDa. The Human Prolactin Receptor Antagonist is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia coli.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized from a concentrated (1-2mg/ml) solution with 0.02% -0.03% NaHCO3.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by:

(a) Analysis by Gel Filtration.

(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

fully biologically active as evidenced by inhibiting PRLR-induced proliferation of Nb2 cells or Baf3 cells stably transfected with hPRL receptors. It also interacts at 1:1 molar ratio with human prolactin receptor extracellular domain as documented by SEC and SPR (Biacore analysis).

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Synonyms
Mammotropin, Luteotropic hormone, Luteotropin, PRL.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized PRLR although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution at > 0.1 mg/ml and up to 3 mg/ml and filter sterilization PRLR can be stored at 4C for several weeks. Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized PRLR in sterile 0.4% NaHCO3 adjusted to pH 8-9 not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
The sequence of the first six N-terminal amino acids was determined and was found to be Ala-Arg-Ser-Gln-Val-Thr
Background
Prolactin is a pituitary hormone which takes part in the stimulation of milk production, salt and water regulation, development, growth and reproduction. The primary step in its action is binding a specific membrane receptor (prolactin receptor) which belongs to the superfamily of class 1 cytokine receptors. PRLR varies in size (short and long forms) with tissue source and species, from ~40 kDa to 100 kDa. The PRL-R consists of at least 3 separate domains: an extracellular region with 5 cysteines which contains the prolactin binding site, a single transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic region, the length of which appears to influence ligand binding and regulate cellular function.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 D5 Human Recombinant

FLT-1, FLT1, Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor FLT, Flt-1, Tyrosine-protein kinase FRT, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, VEGFR-1.

Product # :

PKA-239

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Description

Soluble FLT1 D1-5 Human Recombinant produced in baculovirus is monomeric, glycosylated, polypeptide containing 562 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 70 kDa. The soluble receptor protein contains only the first 5 extracellular domains, which contain all the information necessary for binding of VEGF.The FLT1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Insect Cells.

Formulation

FLT1 D1-5 was lyophilized from a concentrated (1 mg/ml) sterile solution containing no additives.

Purity

Greater than 90.0% as determined by(a)Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b)Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The activity of FLT1 D5 was determined by its ability to abolish the binding of iodinated VEGF to solid surfaces or cell surfaces. The ED50 for this effect is typically 10 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 100,000IU/mg.
In a 13 day CAM-assay sVEGFR-1 is able to inhibit VEGF stimulated sprouting of capillaries at 30 pM.

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Introduction
Endothelial cells express three different vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, belonging to the family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). They are named VEGFR-1 (Flt-1), VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1), VEGFR-3 (Flt-4). Their expression is almost exclusively restricted to endothelial cells, but VEGFR-1 can also be found on monocytes, dendritic cells and on trophoblast cells. The flt-1 gene was first described in 1990. The receptor contains seven immunoglobulin-like extracellular domains, a single transmembrane region and an intracellular splited tyrosine kinase domain. Compared to VEGFR-2 the Flt-1 receptor has a higher affinity for VEGF but a weaker signaling activity. VEGFR-1 thus leads not to proliferation of endothelial cells, but mediates signals for differentiation. Interestingly a naturally occuring soluble variant of VEGFR-1 (sVEGFR-1) was found in HUVE supernatants in 1996, which is generated by alternative splicing of the flt-1 mRNA. The biological functions of sVEGFR-1 still are not clear, but it seems to be an endogenous regulator of angiogenesis, binding VEGF with the same affinity as the full-length receptor.
Synonyms
FLT-1, FLT1, Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor FLT, Flt-1, Tyrosine-protein kinase FRT, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, VEGFR-1.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized FLT-1 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution FLT1 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized FLT1 D5 in sterile water not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Noggin Mouse Recombinant

Noggin, SYM1, SYNS1, NOG.

Product # :

CYT-600

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Description

Noggin Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a non-glycosylated, disulfide-linked protein consisting of two 206 amino acid polypeptide chains, having a total molecular mass of approximately 46.4 kDa (each chain 23.2 kDa).

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2μm filtered solution in 30% acetonitrile, 0.1% TFA.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED₅₀ as determined by inhibiting BMP-4-induced alkaline phosphatase production of murine ATDC5 cells is less than 2ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 5.0 × 10⁵ IU/mg in the presence of 5ng/ml BMP-4.

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Introduction
The secreted polypeptide noggin, encoded by the NOG gene, binds and inactivates members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily signaling proteins, such as bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4). By diffusing through extracellular matrices more efficiently than members of the TGF-beta superfamily, noggin may have a principal role in creating morphogenic gradients. Noggin appears to have pleiotropic effect, both early in development as well as in later stages. It was originally isolated from Xenopus based on its ability to restore normal dorsal-ventral body axis in embryos that had been artificially ventralized by UV treatment. The results of the mouse knockout of noggin suggest that it is involved in numerous developmental processes, such as neural tube fusion and joint formation. Recently, several dominant human NOG mutations in unrelated families with proximal symphalangism (SYM1) and multiple synostoses syndrome (SYNS1) were identified; both SYM1 and SYNS1 have multiple joint fusion as their principal feature, and map to the same region (17q22) as NOG. All NOG mutations altered evolutionarily conserved amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence of human noggin is highly homologous to that of Xenopus, rat and mouse.
Synonyms
Noggin, SYM1, SYNS1, NOG.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Mouse Noggin although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Mouse Noggin should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute in 10mM HAc to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/ml. Further dilutions should be made in appropriate buffered solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
MQHYLHIRPAPSDNLPLVDLIEHPDPIFDPKEKDLNETLLRSLLGGHYD
PGFMATSPPEDRPGGGGGPAGGAEDLAELDQLLRQRPSGAMPSEIKG
LEFSEGLAQGKKQRLSKKLRRKLQMWLWSQTFCPVLYAWNDLGSRF
WPRYVKVGSCFSKRSCSVPEGMVCKPSKSVHLTVLRWRCQRRGQR
CGWIPIQYPIISECKCSC.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Ephrin A3 Human Recombinant, Sf9

Ephrin-A3, EFL2, Ehk1-L, EPLG3, LERK3, EPH-related receptor tyrosine kinase ligand 3.

Product # :

PRO-2614

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Description

EFNA3 Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 434 amino acids (23-214aa) and having a molecular mass of 48.7kDaEFNA3 is fused to a 242 amino acid hIgG-His-Tag at C-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Sf9, Baculovirus cells.

Formulation

The Fractalkine solution (0.5 mg/ml) contains 10% Glycerol and Phosphate Buffered Saline (pH 7.4).

Purity

Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
EFNA3 belongs to the ephrin (EPH) family. The ephrins and EPH-related receptors include thelargest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases which have been implicated in mediating developmental events, especially in the nervous system and in erythropoiesis. Ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, based on their structures and sequence relationships. The Ephrins from the EFNA class are anchored to the membrane by aglycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, while the others from the EFNB class are transmembrane proteins.
Synonyms
Ephrin-A3, EFL2, Ehk1-L, EPLG3, LERK3, EPH-related receptor tyrosine kinase ligand 3.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
ADPQGPGGAL GNRHAVYWNS SNQHLRREGY TVQVNVNDYL DIYCPHYNSS GVGPGAGPGP
GGGAEQYVLY MVSRNGYRTC NASQGFKRWE CNRPHAPHSP IKFSEKFQRY SAFSLGYEFH
AGHEYYYIST PTHNLHWKCL RMKVFVCCAS TSHSGEKPVP TLPQFTMGPN VKINVLEDFE
GENPQVPKLE KSISGLEPKS CDKTHTCPPC PAPELLGGPS VFLFPPKPKD TLMISRTPEV
TCVVVDVSHE DPEVKFNWYV DGVEVHNAKT KPREEQYNST YRVVSVLTVL HQDWLNGKEY
KCKVSNKALP APIEKTISKA KGQPREPQVY TLPPSRDELT KNQVSLTCLV KGFYPSDIAV
EWESNGQPEN NYKTTPPVLD SDGSFFLYSK LTVDKSRWQQ GNVFSCSVMH EALHNHYTQK SLSLSPGKHH
HHHH

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Sulfotransferase Family, Cytosolic, 1B, Member 1 Human Recombinant

Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 1B member 1, Thyroid hormone sulfotransferase, Sulfotransferase 1B1, Sulfotransferase 1B2, ST1B1, EC 2.8.2.-, SULT1B2.

Product # :

ENZ-610

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Description

SULT1B1 Human Recombinant produced in E. coli is a single polypeptide chain containing 320 amino acids (1-296) and having a molecular mass of 37.4kDa.SULT1B1 is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

E.coli.

Formulation

The SULT1B1 solution (1mg/1ml) contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 100mM NaCl and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
SULT1B1 enzyme in humans is encoded by the SULT1B1 gene. SULT1B1 holds a binding site for 3-prime-phosphoadenosine 5-prime-phosphosulfate, a sulfate donor, in addition to a cysteine residue conserved in the ST1 gene family of sulfotransferases. Sulfotransferases like SULT1B1 catalyze the biotransformation of a great amount of endogenous amalgams such as bile acids, neurotransmitters, steroids, and thyroid hormones, in addition to drugs and xenobiotics.
Synonyms
Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 1B member 1, Thyroid hormone sulfotransferase, Sulfotransferase 1B1, Sulfotransferase 1B2, ST1B1, EC 2.8.2.-, SULT1B2.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSHMLSPKD ILRKDLKLVH GYPMTCAFAS NWEKIEQFHS RPDDIVIATY PKSGTTWVSE IIDMILNDGD IEKCKRGFIT EKVPMLEMTL PGLRTSGIEQ LEKNPSPRIV KTHLPTDLLP KSFWENNCKM IYLARNAKDV SVSYYHFDLM NNLQPFPGTW EEYLEKFLTG KVAYGSWFTH VKNWWKKKEE HPILFLYYED MKENPKEEIK KIIRFLEKNL NDEILDRIIH HTSFEVMKDN PLVNYTHLPT TVMDHSKSPF MRKGTAGDWK NYFTVAQNEK FDAIYETEMS KTALQFRTEI

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Complement Component 8, Gamma Human Recombinant

Complement component 8 gamma polypeptide, C8C, complement component C8 gamma chain, MGC142186.

Product # :

PRO-947

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Description

C8G Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 203 amino acids (21-202) and having a molecular mass of 22.6 kDa.The C8G is fused to a 21 amino acid His-Tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

E.coli.

Formulation

The C8G solution (0.5mg/ml) contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 2mM DTT, 0.15M NaCl and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
C8, a component of the complement system consists of three polypeptides C8A, C8B and C8G and takes part in the formation of Membrane Attack Complex (MAC). Patients with C8 deficiency are exposed to several bacteria infections. C8G, a member of the lipocalin family and calycin superfamily, is a secreted protein that can bind retinol. C8G is created in the liver, monocytes and fibroblast and has a role in clearing pathogens from an infected host.
Synonyms
Complement component 8 gamma polypeptide, C8C, complement component C8 gamma chain, MGC142186.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MQKPQRPRRP ASPISTIQPK ANFDAQQFAG TWLLVAVGSA CRFLQEQGHR AEATTLHVAP QGTAMAVSTF RKLDGICWQV RQLYGDTGVL GRFLLQARGA RGAVHVVVAE TDYQSFAVLY LERAGQLSVK LYARSLPVSD SVLSGFEQRV QEAHLTEDQI FYFPKYGFCE AADQFHVLDE VRR

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Keratinocyte Growth Factor-2 Rat Recombinant

FGFA, FGF10, FGF-10, KGF-2, Fibroblast growth factor 10.

Product # :

CYT-127

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Description

KGF 2 Rat Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 179 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 20.0kDa. The KGF 2 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered concentrated solution in 1×PBS, pH 7.4 containing 5% trehalose.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Fully biologically active when compared to standard. The ED50 as determined by the dose-dependent stimulation of thymidine uptake by BaF3 cells expressing FGF receptors is <0.5ng/ml.

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Introduction
KGF-2 is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. FGF-10 exhibits mitogenic activity for keratinizing epidermal cells, but essentially no activity for fibroblasts, which is similar to the biological activity of FGF7. Studies of the mouse homolog of suggested that this gene is required for embryonic epidermal morphogenesis including brain development, lung morphogenesis, and initiation of lim bud formation. This gene is also implicated to be a primary factor in the process of wound healing.
Synonyms
FGFA, FGF10, FGF-10, KGF-2, Fibroblast growth factor 10.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized KGF 2 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution KGF 2 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized KGF 2 Rat Recombinant in sterile 18M-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
QALGQDMVSP EATNSSSSSS SSSSSSSFSS PSSAGRHVRS YNHLQGDVRW RKLFSFTKYF LKIEKNGKVS GTKKENCPYS ILEITSVEIG VVAVKAINSN YYLAMNKKGK LYGSKEFNND CKLKERIEEN GYNTYASFNW QHNGRQMYVA LNGKGAPRRG QKTRRKNTSA HFLPMVVHS

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Description:

Pyruvate Kinase I E.Coli Recombinant

Pyruvate kinase I, PK-1, pykF, b1676, JW1666.

Product # :

PKA-028

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Description

pykF E.Coli Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 494 amino acids (1-470 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 53.3kDa.pykF is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

E.coli.

Formulation

pykF protein solution (1mg/ml) containing 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH8.0) and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
pykF (pyruvate kinase I) is a member of the pyruvate kinase family. pykF is an enzyme involved in glycolysis. pykF catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, yielding one molecule of pyruvate and one molecule of ATP, a process which also requires a Magnesium ion. This is the final step in the glycolytic pathway, which produces pyruvate molecules, the ultimate product of aerobic glycolysis.
Synonyms
Pyruvate kinase I, PK-1, pykF, b1676, JW1666.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSHMKKTKI VCTIGPKTES EEMLAKMLDA GMNVMRLNFS HGDYAEHGQR IQNLRNVMSK TGKTAAILLD TKGPEIRTMK LEGGNDVSLK AGQTFTFTTD KSVIGNSEMV AVTYEGFTTD LSVGNTVLVD DGLIGMEVTA IEGNKVICKV LNNGDLGENK GVNLPGVSIA LPALAEKDKQ DLIFGCEQGV DFVAASFIRK RSDVIEIREH LKAHGGENIH IISKIENQEG LNNFDEILEA SDGIMVARGD LGVEIPVEEV IFAQKMMIEK CIRARKVVIT ATQMLDSMIK NPRPTRAEAG DVANAILDGT DAVMLSGESA KGKYPLEAVS IMATICERTD RVMNSRLEFN NDNRKLRITE AVCRGAVETA EKLDAPLIVV ATQGGKSARA VRKYFPDATI LALTTNEKTA HQLVLSKGVV PQLVKEITST DDFYRLGKEL ALQSGLAHKG DVVVMVSGAL VPSGTTNTAS VHVL.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Activin-A Human Recombinant, Active

Inhba, Inhibin beta A, FSH releasing protein.

Product # :

CYT-145

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Shipped at Room temp

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Description

Active form Activin-A Human Recombinant produced in e.coli is a homodimeric, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 2 x 117 amino acids and having a molecular weight of 26.2kDa.The Active form Activin-A is purified by standard chromatographic techniques.

Source

E.Coli.

Formulation

Human Activin-A was lyophilized from a concentrated 1mg/ml protein solution containing 0.1% TFA.

Purity

Greater than 95% as obsereved by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Biological activity is assessed by the ability to induce cytotoxicity of MPC-11 cells and was found to be 8.95ng/ml corresponding to a specific activity of 1.1 x 10⁵ units/mg.

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Introduction
Activins are homodimers or heterodimers of the different β subunit isoforms, part of the TGFβ family. Mature Activin A has two 116 amino acids residues βA subunits (βA-βA). Activin displays an extensive variety of biological activities, including mesoderm induction, neural cell differentiation, bone remodelling, haematopoiesis, and reproductive physiology. Activins takes part in the production and regulation of hormones such as FSH, LH, GnRH and ACTH. Cells that are identified to express Activin A include fibroblasts, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, keratinocytes, osteoclasts, bone marrow monocytes, prostatic epithelium, neurons, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and ovarian granulosa cells.
Synonyms
Inhba, Inhibin beta A, FSH releasing protein.
Physical Appearance
Lyophilized freeze dried powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Activin-A although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Activin-A should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
Human INHBA protein should be reconstituted in distilled pyrogen free water to a concentration of 100ug /ml which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGLECDGKVN ICCKKQFFVS FKDIGWNDWI IAPSGYHANY CEGECPSHIA GTSGSSLSFH STVINHYRMR GHSPFANLKS CCVPTKLRPM SMLYYDDGQN IIKKDIQNMI VEECGCS.
Background
Title: Research on Activin A Human Recombinant: Molecular Characteristics, Signaling Pathways, Physiological Functions, and Therapeutic Potential
Introduction:
Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a significant role in various biological processes in the human body. Its involvement in diverse physiological and pathological functions has garnered considerable attention in scientific research. This paper aims to provide an overview of Activin A, encompassing its molecular characteristics, signaling pathways, physiological functions, and therapeutic potential.
Activin A is encoded by the INHBA gene and is produced as a precursor protein that undergoes post-translational modifications to generate the mature form. The mature Activin A protein consists of two β-subunits held together by disulfide bonds. These structural features contribute to its functional properties and interactions with specific receptors.
Upon binding to its cell surface receptors, Activin A triggers intracellular signaling cascades, leading to various cellular responses. Canonical SMAD-dependent pathway as well as non-SMAD pathways, such as MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, and JNK signaling, are activated by Activin A. The intricate network of signaling pathways enables Activin A to regulate diverse biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tissue homeostasis.
Activin A exerts its physiological functions in a tissue-specific manner. It plays a critical role in embryonic development, particularly in organogenesis and patterning. Additionally, Activin A is involved in reproductive biology, where it participates in folliculogenesis, spermatogenesis, and hormonal regulation. It also contributes to neural development, immune system modulation, and skeletal homeostasis.
The multifunctional properties of Activin A have positioned it as a potential therapeutic target for various diseases. Its involvement in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, fibrosis, and reproductive disorders has prompted extensive research to explore its therapeutic potential. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Activin A's actions provides valuable insights for developing innovative therapeutic strategies.
In conclusion, Activin A is a versatile cytokine with diverse roles in human biology. This research aims to deepen our understanding of its molecular characteristics, signaling pathways, physiological functions, and therapeutic potential. By elucidating the complexities of Activin A, we strive to pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions in various human diseases.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Rat Recombinant

Product # :

CYT-355

Price :

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Description

Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Rat Recombinant is a singly non-glycosilated polypeptide chain containing 146 amino and additional Ala at N-terminus acids and having a molecular mass of ~ 16 kDa, Leptin was mutated, resulting in L39A/D40A/F41A mutant. Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Rat Recombinant was purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia coli.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized from a concentrated (0.85mg/ml) solution with 0.003mM NaHCO3.

Purity

Greater than 99.0% as determined by:
(a) Gel filtration analysis.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

ProSpec’s Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Rat Recombinant is capable of inhibiting leptin-induced proliferation of BAF/3 cells stably transfected with the long form of human leptin receptor. It also inhibits various leptin effects in several in vitro bioassays.

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Physical Appearance
White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Leptin-Antagonist Triple Mutant Rat Recombinant although stable at room temperature for several weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution at > 0.1 Leptin mutant mg/ml and up to 2 mM and filter sterilization LEP-tA mutant can be stored at 4°C or even room temperature for several weeks making it suitable for long term infusion studies using osmotic pumps. At lower concentration addition of a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA) is suggested. Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Rat Recombinant in sterile water or sterile 0.4% NaHCO3 adjusted to pH 8-9, not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted with other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
The sequence of the first five N-terminal amino acids was determined and was found to be Ala-Val-Pro-Ile-Gln.
Protein content
Protein quantization was carried out by UV spectroscopy at 280 nm using the absorbency value of 0.21 as the extinction coefficient for a 0.1% (1mg/ml) solution at pH 8.0. This value is calculated by the PC GENE computer analysis program of protein sequences (IntelliGenetics).

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Parathyroid Hormone (7-84) N15 Labeled Human Recombinant

Parathyrin, PTH, Parathormone.

Product # :

HOR-013

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Quantity :

Shipping Method :

Shipped at Room temp

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Description

PTH (7-84) N15 Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 78 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 8900 Dalton labeled by the stable isotope N15.The PTH (7-84) N15 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

PTH (7-84) N15 protein was lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered concentrated solution in 1xPBS, pH 7.4.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), or parathormone, is secreted by the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood, whereas calcitonin (a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland) acts to decrease calcium concentration. PTH acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood by acting upon parathyroid hormone receptor in three parts of the body: In the bones- It enhances the release of calcium from the large reservoir contained in the bones. Bone resorption is the normal destruction of bone by osteoclasts, which are indirectly stimulated by PTH. Stimulation is indirect since osteoclasts do not have a receptor for PTH; rather, PTH binds to osteoblasts, the cells responsible for creating bone. Binding stimulates osteoblasts to increase their expression of RANKL, which can bind to osteoclast precursors containing RANK, a receptor for RANKL. The binding of RANKL to RANK stimulates these precursors to fuse, forming new osteoclasts which ultimately enhances the resorption of bone. In the kidney- It enhances active reabsorption of calcium from distal tubules and the thick ascending limb. In the intestine- It enhances the absorption of calcium in the intestine by increasing the production of vitamin D and upregulating the enzyme responsible for 1-alpha hydroxylation of 25-hydroxy vitamin D, converting vitamin D to its active form (1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D) which effects the actual absorption of calcium (as Ca2+ ions) by the intestine via calbindin.
Synonyms
Parathyrin, PTH, Parathormone.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized PTH (7-84) N15 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution PTH (7-84) N15 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized PTH (7-84) N15 in sterile water not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
LMHNLGKHLN SMERVEWLRK KLQDVHNFVA LGAPLAPRDA GSQRPRKKED NVLVESHEKS LGEADKADVN VLTKAKSQ

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

PNC-27

Product # :

HOR-038

Price :

Quantity :

Shipping Method :

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HPLC, MS

Description

PNC-27 Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 32 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 4031.72 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C188H293N53O44S.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized with no additives.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by analysis by RP-HPLC.

HPLC, MS

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Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized PNC-27 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution PNC-27 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized PNC-27 in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100 µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
H-Pro-Pro-Leu-Ser-Gln-Glu-Thr-Phe-Ser-Asp-Leu-Trp-Lys-Leu-Leu-Lys-Lys-Trp-Lys-Met-Arg-Arg-Asn-Gln-Phe-Trp-Val-Lys-Val-Gln-Arg-Gly-OH
Background
PNC-27, a promising anticancer peptide, has gained attention due to its selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells without harming normal cells. This paper aims to elucidate the biochemical characteristics of PNC-27 and explore its potential therapeutic applications in the field of oncology.
PNC-27, a novel anticancer peptide, holds great promise in the treatment of cancer due to its unique mechanism of action and selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells (Goldberg et al., 2010). This paper seeks to delve into the biochemical attributes of PNC-27 and its therapeutic potential in cancer treatment.
Derived from the p53 tumor-suppressor protein, PNC-27 exhibits a unique binding affinity for the MDM-2 protein found in the membranes of cancer cells. This binding triggers membrane pore formation, leading to cell lysis and death, leaving normal cells unaffected (Goldberg et al., 2010).
Preclinical studies have highlighted the potential of PNC-27 in treating various types of cancers. Its ability to induce cell death in cancer cells without harming normal cells presents a promising direction for cancer therapeutics. For instance, studies have shown PNC-27 to be effective against lung and breast cancers (Hoshino et al., 2011; Sarafraz-Yazdi et al., 2010).
The promising potential of PNC-27 warrants further exploration in clinical trials to evaluate its efficacy and safety in humans. Furthermore, investigation into its synergistic effects with other cancer treatments could provide a more holistic approach to cancer therapeutics. In conclusion, PNC-27 presents an exciting avenue for cancer research, offering a novel and targeted approach to cancer treatment.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

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