Search results

LFA-3 is ligand of the t-lymphocyte cd2 glycoprotein. This interaction is important in mediating thymocyte interactions with thymic epithelial cells, antigen-independent and dependent interactions of t-lymphocytes with target cells and antigen- presenting cells and the t-lymphocyte rosetting with erythrocytes. In addition, the lfa-3/cd2 interaction may prime response by both the cd2+ and lfa-3+ cells.

Entry of HSV into the host cell involves interactions of several viral glycoproteins with cell surface receptors. The virus particle is covered by an envelope which, when bound to specific receptors on the cell surface, will fuse with the cell membrane and create an opening, or pore, through which the virus enters the host cell. The sequential stages of HSV entry are analagous to those of other viruses. At first, complementary receptors on the virus and cell surface bring the two membranes into proximity. In an intermediate state, the two membranes begin to merge, forming a hemifusion state. Finally, a stable entry pore is formed through which the viral envelope contents are introduced to the host cell.

Goserelin is a hormone similar to the one normally released from the hypothalamus gland in the brain (GnRH super-agonist). It is used to treat for prostate and breast cancer.
Goserelin decreases the amount of estrogen and testosterone by this treating endometriosis and cancer of the breast, and can help thin the uterus lining before surgery. Goserelin prevents the growth of tissue associated with endometriosis.
Reducing the amount of testosterone is one way of treating prostate cancer.

Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (ADH1A) is a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase family. ADH1A has a key role in ethanol metabolism. ADH1A along with coenzyme NAD catalyzes the reversible conversion of organic alcohols to ketones or aldehydes. The physiologic function of ADH1A in the liver is the elimination of ethanol formed by microorganisms in the intestinal tract. ADH1A is monomorphic and predominant in fetal and infant livers, growing to be less active in gestation and only weakly active during adulthood.

E2 17-beta-dehydrogenase 1 (HSD17B1) is a member of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. The HSD17B1 protein advances the reduction of estrogens and androgens. In addition, the HSD17B1 has a 20-alpha-HSD activity. HSD17B1 preferentially uses NADH.

Inhibins are dimeric peptide hormones produced by female ovarian granulose cells and male Sertoli cells as well as a variety of other tissues. Inhibins have two isoforms, A and B, with the same alpha subunit but different beta subunits. Inhibin A is a dimer of alpha and beta A subunits, inhibin B is a dimer of alpha and beta B subunits.
Inhibins are thought to inhibit the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the pituitary gland. In addition, Inhibins are also thought to play a role in the control of gametogenesis, and embryonic and fetal development.

Growth Hormone Binding Protein or GHR, is a protein, part of the cytokine receptor superfamily. GHR binds to 2 receptors, therefore it enhances signal transduction via dimerization of receptors. In elevated levels, growth hormone operates as an antagonist due to high variance in the binding sites affinities. The antagonist operation can be embellished even more when the binding site is reduced its affinity.

Retinol binding protein 4(RBP4) belongs to the lipocalin family and is the specific carrier for retinol (vitamin A alcohol) in the blood. This protein was found to be expressed and secreted by adipose tissue, and was strongly associated with insulin resistance. It delivers retinol from the liver stores to the peripheral tissues. In plasma, the RBP-retinol complex interacts with transthyretin which prevents its loss by filtration through the kidney glomeruli.
RBP4 delivers retinol from the liver to the peripheral tissues. In plasma, the rbp-retinol complex interacts with transthyretin, this prevents its loss by filtration through the kidney glomeruli.

SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like protein (SH3BGRL) belongs to the human SH3BGR family. SH3BGRL gene which is located to chromosome Xq13.3, encodes a small protein of 114 amino acids that is extensively expressed in various tissues including liver and blood. SH3BGRL protein contains a prolinerich sequence (PLPPQIF), which is comprsed of both the SH3 binding (PXXP)3 and the Homer EVH1 binding (PPXXF)4 motif.

SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like protein 3 (SH3BGRL3) which is located on chromosome 1p34.3-35, encodes for a small 93 amino acids protein. SH3BGRL3 is the newest member of thioredoxin super family, whose posttranslational altered form was recognized as TNF-alpha inhibitory protein. SH3BGRL3 may act as a regulator in all-trans retinoic acid-induced pathway and also as a modulator of glutaredoxin biological activity.

FHIT enzyme cleaves adenosine 5'' PPP 5'' A to yield AMP and ADP. FHIT gene includees the regular fragile site FRA3B on chromosome 3. Alterations and deletions of the FHIT gene are highly linked to the genesis and establishment of human tumors of the lung, cervix, breast, colon, stomach and pancreas. In normal cells, FHIT functions as a tumor suppressor and physically relates with ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 9.

POLR2H is an essential and highly conserved subunit of RNA polymerase II which is shared by the other 2 eukaryotic DNA-directed RNA polymerases, I and III. The three eukaryotic RNA polymerases are complex multisubunit enzymes which play a vital role in the transcription of nuclear genes. POLR2H encodes an essential and highly conserved subunit of RNA polymerase II which is shared by the other two eukaryotic DNA-directed RNA polymerases, I and III.

Recombinant Human Lipocalin-2 also called Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) belongs to a family of lipocans which include 25 proteins (including a1-microglobulin and b-lactoglobulin), which are characterized by their ability to bind small lipophilic substances in their hydrophobic core.
They thereby serve as transporters of substances like retinal, biliverdins & prostaglandins. There are indications that NGAL is involved in modulation of the inflammatory response and is found in the plasma of patients after stroke.

Fetuin is a liver-produced negative acute phase protein composed of two subunits, the A and B chains.
Fetuin homologs have been identified in several species including rat, sheep, pig, rabbit, guinea pig, cattle, mouse and human. Multiple physiological roles for these homologs have been suggested, including ability to bind to hydroxyapatite crystals and to specifically inhibit the tyrosine kinase (TK) activity of the receptor (IR).
Fetuin-A (alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein; AHSG) is an important circulating inhibitor of calcification in vivo, and is downregulated during the acute-phase response.
Sera from patients on long-term dialysis with low AHSG concentrations showed impaired ex-vivo capacity to inhibit CaxPO4 precipitation.
Fetuin may influence the resolution of inflammation by modulating the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages.
ASHG blocks TGF-beta-dependent signaling in osteoblastic cells, and mice lacking ASHG display growth plate defects, increased bone formation with age, and enhanced cytokine-dependent osteogenesis.

Myosin regulatory light chains, including MRCL3, MYLPF and MYL9, regulate contraction in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells via phosphorylation by MLCK (myosin light chain kinase). Phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chains, catalyzed by MLCK in the presence of calcium and calmodulin, increases the actin-activated myosin ATPase activity, thus regulating the contractile activity. MYLPF is vital for fast and slow skeletal muscle development.

LPL is a lipoprotein lipase, which is expressed in the heart, muscle, and adipose tissue. LPL acts as a homodimer, and has the dual functions of triglyceride hydrolase and ligand/bridging factor for receptor-mediated lipoprotein uptake. Type I hyperlipoproteinemia is a result of severe mutations which cause LPL deficiency, whereas less extreme mutations in LPL are linked to many disorders of lipoprotein metabolism. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a fundamental enzyme in plasma triglyceride hydrolysis and is secreted by macrophages in the subendothelial space. LPL also promotes the development of atherosclerosis through facilitation of monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, stimulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) secretion and induction of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.

RAET1E is a member of the MHC class I family. MHC class I family contains main histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related genes positioned in a cluster on chromosome 6q24.2-q25.3. RAET1E and RAET1G protein are different from other RAET1 proteins since they have type I membrane-spanning sequences at their C termini instead glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor sequences.RAET1E acts as a ligand for NKG2D receptor, expressed on the surface of numerous types of immune cells, involves in innate adaptive immune reactions.RAET1E delivers signals to NK cells and advances tumor immune surveillance by inducing the growth of anti-tumor cytotoxic lymphocyte.

LGLAS9 binds galactosides and has high affinity for the Forssman pentasaccharide. LGLAS9 participates in thymocyte-epithelial interactions relevant to the biology of the thymus and Inhibits cell proliferation. LGLAS9 is a ligand for HAVCR2/TIM3. LGLAS9 Induces T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1) death. LGLAS9 performs as an eosinophil chemoattractant LGLAS9 is an S-type lectin which is over-expressed in Hodgkin's disease tissue and takes part in the interaction between the H&RS cells with their surrounding cells.

Leukemia Inhibitory Factor also called LIF is a lymphoid factor that promotes long-term maintenance of embryonic stem cells by suppressing spontaneous differentiation. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor has several functions such as cholinergic neuron differentiation, control of stem cell pluripotency, bone & fat metabolism, mitogenesis of factor dependent cell lines & promotion of megakaryocyte production in vivo. Human and mouse LIF exhibit a 78% identity in its amino acid sequence.

AHCY is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to adenosine (Ado) and L-homocysteine (Hcy). AHCY controls the intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) concentration that is crucial for transmethylation reactions. AHCY deficiency causes hypermethioninemia.

SERPINH1 is part of the serpin superfamily of serine proteinase inhibitors. SEPINH1 expression is induced by heat shock. HSP47 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum lumen and binds collagen therefore it is a molecular chaperone which takes part in the maturation of collagen molecules, facilitating the folding and assembly of procollagen molecules, retaining unfolded molecules within the ER, and assisting the transport of correctly folded-molecules from the ER to Golgi apparatus. Autoantibodies to HSP47 protein have been found in rheumatoid arthritis. SERPINH1 binds specifically to collagen and acts as a chaperone in the biosynthetic pathway of collagen.

Kelch Domain Containing 8B, also known as KLHDC8B shapes a distinct beta-propeller protein structure of kelch domains which allow for protein-protein interactions. In addition,mutations in KLHDC8B have been connected with Hodgkin lymphoma.

YWHAB belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which are in charge for signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. YWHAB is found in both plants and mammals. YWHAB protein interacts with RAF1 and CDC25 phosphatases,thus linking mitogenic signaling and the cell cycle machinery. YWHAB is an adapter protein involved in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathway. YWHAB binds to a large number of proteins by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner.

Atosiban is the first oxytocin antagonist to be specifically developed for the treatment of preterm labor. Atosiban has a specific mode of action, inhibiting oxytocin-induced uterine contractions by blocking oxytocin receptors in the uterus. Extensive clinical investigations have shown Atosiban to be at least as effective as current tocolytic agents. In addition, due to its novel and specific mode of action, Atosiban has a markedly improved maternal side effects profile compared with conventional therapies.