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Osteoprotegerin acts as decoy receptor for rankl and thereby neutralizes its function in osteoclastogenesis. OPG inhibits the activation of osteoclasts and promotes osteoclast apoptosis in vitro. Bone homeostasis seems to depend on the local rankl/opg ratio. Osteoprotegerin may also play a role in preventing arterial calcification. May act as decoy receptor for trail and protect against apoptosis. Trail binding blocks the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis.

Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain-containing protein 1 (FAHD1) is a member of the FAH family. FAHD1 is considered to have hydrolase activity and it uses Magnesium and Calcium as cofactors. It seems quite likely that the metal binding sites are involved in an enzymatic activity connected to the catabolism of aromatic amino acids.

Phosphoribosyltransferase domain-containing protein 1 (PRTFDC1) is a member of the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family. PRTFDC1 has a low, barely measurable phosphoribosyltransferase activity (in vitro). PRTFDC1 can bind GMP, IMP and alpha-D-5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate (PRPP). PRTFDC1 is not expected to impact purine metabolism or GMP salvage.

DESI1 belongs to the DeSI family and contains 1 PPPDE peptidase domain. This protein is a protease which deconjugates SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 from some substrate proteins and has isopeptidase but not SUMO-processing activity. DESI1 desumoylates ZBTB46.

KH Domain RNA Binding also known as QKI is a RNA-binding protein which regulates pre-mRNA splicing, export of mRNAs from the nucleus, protein translation, and mRNA stability. QKI is involved inmyelinization and oligodendrocyte differentiation, and it may play a role in schizophrenia. Defects or deletions in the QKI are linked with astrocytic tumors and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Among the diseases associated with QKI are 6q terminal deletion syndrome, and schizophrenia.

WWOX is a proapoptotic protein and a tumor suppressor protein. WWOX is found in all eukaryotes and involved in the regulation of a broad range of cellular functions such as protein degradation, transcription, and RNA splicing. WWOX functions synergistically with TP53/p53 to control genotoxic stress-induced cell death. WWOX takes part in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated cell death. Loss of WWOX expression is associated with pancreatobiliary cancers. Reduced expression levels of WWOX protein is associated with the pathogenesis of basal-like differentiation in breast cancer. Loss of WWOX expression is associated with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. WWOX gene alteration is an early genetic alteration contributes to oral carcinogenesis. WWOX induces apoptosis and inhibits human hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth through a mechanism enhanced by JNK inhibition.

PDIA6 belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family (PDI). PDIA6 is an enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes or periplasmic space of prokaryotes which catalyzes the formation and breakage of disulfide bonds between cysteine residues within proteins as they fold. PDIA6 functions as a chaperone that inhibits aggregation of misfolded proteins. PDIA6, also has a role in platelet aggregation and activation by agonists such as convulxin, collagen and thrombin.

Abhydrolase Domain Containing 12B, also known as ABHD12B is a part of the serine esterase family. ABHD12B is a protein coding gene.

Interleukin-10 is a multifunctional cytokine produced by a variety of cell types including T helper cells activated B cells and activated macrophages. Interleukin-10 regulates immune-mediated inflammation and modulates the function of cells such as lymphocytes, monocytes, natural killer cells and dendritic cells.

Prostaglandin Reductase 2 (PTGR2) is a member of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily. PTGR2 is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of prostaglandins. PTGR2 catalyzes an NADPH-dependent reduction of the conjugated alpha, beta-unsaturated double bond of 15-keto-PGE(2), which is a fundamental step in terminal inactivation of prostaglandins and suppression of PPARgamma-mediated adipocyte differentiation. PTGR2 may also be involved in controlling activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.

Dynein light chain roadblock-type 2 (DYNLRB2) functions as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein complex which are considered to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. Cytoplasmic dynein functions as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules.

Human Factor IX also called Christmas-Factor is a glycoprotein, which is synthesized in the liver and belongs to the serine proteases system and is part of the S1 peptidase family.
Lack of Factor-IX causes Hemophilia-B meaning Christmas Disease. Factor-IX has a N-terminus region which contains 12xGla residues which asist the calcium dpendant binding of Factor-IX to the phospholipid surface. Factor-IX is activated by either factor XIa or the factor VIIa/tissue factor/phospholipid complex. Cleavage yields the intermediate IXa, which is subsequently converted to the fully active form IXab.
Factor-IX binds initially to exosites on the factor XIa heavy chain, followed by interaction at the active site with subsequent bond cleavage. Coagulation factor IX is activated by interaction with the erythrocyte membrane, causing intrinsic coagulation. Chaperones & lectins act simultaniously to guarantee the proper folding of Factor-IX and the retention of mutant molecules. Human Factor IX, activated by either the Contact or Tissue Factor Pathway, is responsible for the activation of Factor X to Xa.

Oxidoreductase-Like Domain Containing 1, also known as OXLD1, is a Protein Coding gene which is associated with the lncRNA class. OXLD1 holds 1 Oxidoreductase-like domain.

FADD is an adaptor protein that cooperates with a variety of cell surface receptors and mediates cell apoptotic signals. Using its C-terminal death domain, FADD is recruited by TNFRSF6/Fas-receptor, tumor necrosis factor receptor, TNFRSF25, and TNFSF10/TRAIL-receptor, and consequently it take parts in the death signaling initiated by these receptors. FADD interaction with the receptors reviels the N-terminal effector domain of, which allows it to recruit caspase-8, and thus initiate the cysteine protease cascade. Knockout studies in mice furthermore propose the significance of FADD in premature T cell development. FADD plays a role in survival/proliferation and cell cycle development. FADD also takes part in cellular sublocalization, protein phosphorylation, and inhibitory molecules.

Glutathione S-transferase A4 (GSTA4) is a member of the GST superfamily. The GSTA4 enzyme is involved in cellular defense against toxic, carcinogenic, and pharmacologically active electrophilic compounds. GSTA4 shows an especially high activity with reactive carbonyl compounds such as alk-2-enals. GSTA4 is extremely effective in catalyzing the conjugate addition of reduced glutathione to 4-hydroxynonenal, which is an important product of peroxidative degradation of arachidonic acid and a frequently used biomarker for oxidative damage in tissue. The GSTA4 enzyme is expressed at a high level in the brain, placenta, and skeletal muscle and much lower in the lung and liver.

TMED10, which has a GOLD domain, belongs to the EMP24/GP25L/p24 family. TMED10, a type I membrane protein is restricted to the plasma membrane and golgi cisternae and takes part in vesicular protein transferring. Additionally, TMED10 is a fragment of the heteromeric secretase complex and controls the complex's gamma- secretase activity without influencing its epsilon-secretase activity. Alterations in TMED10 are linked to early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. TMED10 has a pseudogene on chromosome 8.

FGFR1OP N-terminal like (FOPNL) is a member of the FGFR1OP family and contains 1 LisH domain. FOPNL is participates in the biogenesis of cilia. FOPNL is extensively expressed and detected in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, placenta and the intestine.

Glycolipid Transfer Protein Domain Containing 1 (GLTPD1) belongs to the GLTP family. GLTPD1 mediates the intracellular transfer of ceramide-1-phosphate between organelle membranes and the cell membrane. GLTPD1 is essential for normal structure of the Golgi stacks. In addition, GLTPD1 is able to bind phosphoceramides with a diversity of aliphatic chains, however GLTPD1 has a preference for lipids with saturated C16:0 or monounsaturated C18:1 aliphatic chains. Moreover, GLTPD1 is inefficient with phosphoceramides which contains lignoceryl (C24:0). GLTPD1 participates in the regulation of the cellular levels of ceramide-1-phosphate, and in that way contributes to the regulation of phospholipase PLA2G4A activity and the release of arachidonic acid.

Cytohesin 2 (CYTH2) is an ARF-1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). ARF (ADP ribosylation factor) proteins are a part of a group within the RAS superfamily and bindes GTP-b proteins central to the process of vesicle budding. CYTH2 promotes guanine-nucleotide exchange on ARF1, ARF3 and ARF6. Furthermore, CYTH2 promotes the activation of ARF factors through replacement of GDP with GTP. The protein encoded by CYTH2 is a member of the PSCD family. Members of PSCD family appear to mediate the regulation of protein sorting and membrane trafficking. The cell membrane form, in association with ARL4 proteins, recruits ARF6 to the plasma membrane.

CD34 is a single chain transmembrane glycoprotein which is selectively expressed on human lymphoid and myeloid hemapoietic progenitor cells.
CD34 has been used to measure angiogenesis, which reportedly predicts tumor recurrence.

CISD1 protein holds a CDGSH iron-sulfur domain and is known to bind a redox-active [2Fe-2S] cluster. CISD1 is restricted to the outer membrane of mitochondria and takes part in oxidation regulation.

DCUN1D1 takes part in the malignant transformation of squamous cell lineage. DCUN1D1 protein regulates Gli1, a main regulator of the hedgehog (HH) pathway which takes a vital role in development, maintenance, and regeneration of practically all adult tissues.

DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC1 (POLR2E) is a member of the archaeal RpoH/eukaryotic RPB5 RNA polymerase subunit family. POLR2E being a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the 4 ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. POLR2E is the 5th largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (the polymerase which is responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes). The POLR2E subunit is shared by the other 2 DNA-directed RNA polymerases and is present in two-fold molar excess over the other polymerase subunits. An interaction between the POLR2E subunit and a hepatitis virus transactivating protein has been established, suggesting that an interaction between transcriptional activators and the polymerase can occur through the POLR2E subunit.

BCL10 holds a caspase recruitment domain (CARD), and is known as an inducer of apoptosis and as NF-kappaB activator. BCL10 cooperates with other CARD domain containing proteins such as CARD9, 10, 11 and 14, which operates as upstream regulators in NF-kappaB signaling. BCL10 is known to create a complex with MALT1, a protein encoded by another gene and is translocated in MALT lymphoma. MALT1 and BCL10 protein synergize the activation of NF-kappaB, and the deregulation of either of them facilitates the same pathogenetic process which leads to the malignancy.