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Description:

Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Rat Recombinant

Fibroblast growth factor 21, FGF-21.

Product # :

CYT-130

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Description

FGF 21 Rat Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 180 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 19.7kDa. The FGF 21 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered concentrated solution in 1×PBS, pH 7.4.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED50 determined by a cell proliferation assay using murine NIH/3T3 cells is less than 700 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 1.4 × 1000 IU/mg in the presence of 5µg/ml of rMuKlotho-beta.

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Introduction
The FGFs are a family of more than 20 small (~17–26 kDa) secreted peptides. The initial characterization of these proteins focused on their ability to stimulate fibroblast proliferation. This mitogenic activity was mediated through FGF receptors (FGFRs) 1, 2, or 3. A fourth closely related tyrosine kinase receptor (FGFR4) was able to bind the FGFs but did not lead to a mitogenic response.
FGFs modulate cellular activity via at least 5 distinct subfamilies of high-affinity FGF receptors (FGFRs): FGFR-1, -2, -3, and -4, all with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and, except for FGFR-4, multiple splice isoforms, and FGFR-5, which lacks an intracellular kinase domain. There is growing evidence that FGFRs can be important for regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis. The overexpression of a dominant negative form of FGFR-1 in cells leads to diabetes in mice, which thus implies that proper FGF signaling is required for normal ? cell function and glycemia maintenance. FGFR-2 appears to be a key molecule during pancreatic development. Moreover, FGFR-4 has been implicated in cholesterol metabolism and bile acid synthesis.
FGF-19, has been shown to cause resistance to diet-induced obesity and desensitization and to improve glucose, and lipid profiles in diabetic rodents. Since these effects, at least in part, are mediated through the observed changes in metabolic rates, FGF-19 can be considered as a regulator of energy expenditure.
FGF-21 is preferentially expressed in liver, but an exact knowledge of FGF-21 bioactivity and its mode of action have been lacking to date. FGF-21 is a potent activator of glucose uptake on adipocytes, protects animals from diet-induced obesity when overexpressed in transgenic mice, and lowers blood glucose and triglyceride levels when therapeutically administered to diabetic rodents.
Synonyms
Fibroblast growth factor 21, FGF-21.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized FGF 21 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution FGF 21 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized FGF 21 Rat Recombinant in sterile 18M-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
AYPISDSSPL LQFGGQVRQR YLYTDDDQDT EAHLEIREDG TVVGTAHRSP ESLLELKALK PGVIQILGVK ASRFLCQQPD GTLYGSPHFD PEACSFRELL LKDGYNVYQS EAHGLPLRLP QKDSQDPATR GPVRFLPMPG LPHEPQEQPG VLPPEPPDVG SSDPLSMVEP LQGRSPSYAS
Background
What is the molecular weight/Mw of FGF21-RAT Protein?
FGF21-RAT Protein has a total Mw of 19.7kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FGF21-RAT Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of FGF21-RAT Protein?
FGF21-RAT Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of FGF21-RAT Protein?
The ED50 determined by a cell proliferation assay using murine NIH/3T3 cells is less than 700 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 1.4 × 1000 IU/mg in the presence of 5µg/ml of rMuKlotho-beta.

What is the amino acid sequence of FGF21-RAT Protein?
AYPISDSSPL LQFGGQVRQR YLYTDDDQDT EAHLEIREDG TVVGTAHRSP ESLLELKALK PGVIQILGVK ASRFLCQQPD GTLYGSPHFD PEACSFRELL LKDGYNVYQS EAHGLPLRLP QKDSQDPATR GPVRFLPMPG LPHEPQEQPG VLPPEPPDVG SSDPLSMVEP LQGRSPSYAS

What applications can FGF21-RAT Protein be used in?
FGF21-RAT Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FGF21-RAT Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FGF21-RAT Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Rabbit Recombinant

Somatomedin C, IGF-I, IGFI, IGF1, IGF-IA, Mechano growth factor, MGF.

Product # :

CYT-427

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Description

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Rabbit Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 71 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 7639 Dalton.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized from a concentrated (0.5mg/ml) solution with 0.02% NaHCO3.

Purity

Greater than 98.0% as determined by:(a) Gel-filtration chromatography under non denaturing conditions.(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

IGF-I is biologically active when compared to human IGF-1. The ED50, calculated by the dose -dependent proliferation of human MCF/7 cells is 5 to 25ng/ml in the cell culture mixture dependent on culture conditions. Its activity consists of 30-40 % compared to human IGF-1.

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Introduction
The IGFs comprise a family of peptides that play important roles in mammalian growth and development. IGF1 mediates many of the growth-promoting effects of growth hormone. Early studies showed that growth hormone did not directly stimulate the incorporation of sulfate into cartilage, but rather acted through a serum factor, termed 'sulfation factor,' which later became known as 'somatomedin'. Three main somatomedins have been characterized: somatomedin C (IGF1), somatomedin A, and somatomedin B. IGF-1 is a small protein secreted mostly but not exclusively by the liver and circulating in blood mostly as a complex with several IGF binding proteins. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like, and mitogenic functions and it is secreted in response to growth hormone stimulation.
Synonyms
Somatomedin C, IGF-I, IGFI, IGF1, IGF-IA, Mechano growth factor, MGF.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution IGF1 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized rbIGF-I in sterile 0.4% NaHCO3 adjusted to ph 8-9, not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
MTAGPETLCG AELVDALQFV CGDRGFYFNK PTGYGSSSRR APQTGIVDEC CFRSCDLRRL EMYCAPLKP

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Hexarelin

Product # :

HOR-288

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Description

Hexarelin has 7 amino acids H-His-D-2-Methyl-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 and having a molecular weight of 887 Dalton. The Molecular Formula is C47H58N12O6.

Formulation

The Hexarelin peptide was lyophilized with no additives.

Purity

Greater than 98.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Hexarelin stimulates GH secretion. Hexarelin is more resistant to proteolytic degradation than GHRP-6.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Hexarelin although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Hexarelin should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Hexarelin 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100 µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Fibroblast Growth Factor-Basic Human Recombinant

Prostatropin, FGF-basic, fgf2, Basic FGF, HBGF-2, FGF-2, FGF-b.

Product # :

CYT-218

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Description

Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Human Recombinant (FGF-2) produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 154 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 17.2kDa.The FGF-b is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized from a concentrated (1mg/ml) solution in 20mM Tris-HCl, pH7.4 and 1M NaCl.

Purity

Greater than 98.0% as determined by Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED₅₀, calculated by the dose-dependant proliferation of murine balb/c 3T3 cells is <0.1ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of graeter than 1.0x10⁷ Units/mg.

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Introduction
Basic fibroblast growth factor is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This protein functions as a modifier of endothelial cell migration and proliferation, as well as an angiogenic factor. It acts as a mitogen for a variety of mesoderm- and neuroectoderm-derived cells in vitro, thus is thought to be involved in organogenesis. Three alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been described. The HPR -binding growth factors are angiogenic agents in vivo and are potent mitogens for a variety of cell types in vitro. There are differences in the tissue distribution and concentration of these 2 growth factors.
Synonyms
Prostatropin, FGF-basic, fgf2, Basic FGF, HBGF-2, FGF-2, FGF-b.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution FGF-b should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Fibroblast Growth Factor Basic in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
AAGSITTLPA LPEDGGSGAF PPGHFKDPKR LYCKNGGFFL RIHPDGRVDG VREKSDPHIK LQLQAEERGV VSIKGVCANR YLAMKEDGRL LASKCVTDEC FFFERLESNN YNTYRSRKYT SWYVALKRTG QYKLGSKTGP GQKAILFLPM SAKS.
Background
FGF 2 HUMAN: Insights into Fibroblast Growth Factor-2
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor or FGF 2 HUMAN is a protein with crucial roles in cell growth, tissue repair, and embryonic development. This is part of the larger fibroblast growth factor family and is vital for various biological processes, including the modulation of cell survival activities.
Production and Properties
Produced in E. coli, FGF 2 is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain possessing 154 amino acids with a molecular weight of about 17.2 kDa. It is purified through advanced chromatographic techniques, ensuring high purity and activity for laboratory use.
Physical Characteristics and Preparation
The physical form of FGF 2 HUMAN is a sterile, white lyophilized powder. For experimental use, it is reconstituted with sterile water to at least 100µg/ml. This reconstitution is crucial for maintaining the integrity and effectiveness of the protein in various research applications.
Storage and Handling
To maintain stability, lyophilized FGF 2 should be stored at -18°C and used within three weeks if kept at room temperature. Once reconstituted, it should be kept at 4°C and used within 2-7 days or stored at -18°C for longer-term storage.
Proper handling and avoiding repeated freeze-thaw cycles are essential to preserve the protein's functionality.
Purity and Biological Activity
FGF 2 is characterized by a purity greater than 98%, verified by SDS-PAGE analysis. Its biological activity is primarily defined by its efficacy in promoting the proliferation of specific cell lines, with an effective dose (ED50) typically below 0.1 ng/ml.
Research Applications and Impact
In the research context, FGF 2 is used extensively to study its effects on cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Moreover, its role in disease models, particularly in cancer and tissue repair studies, makes it a valuable resource for developing new therapeutic approaches.
Usage Guidelines
FGF 2 HUMAN is strictly for laboratory research use and is not suitable for drug development, food production, or cosmetic applications. Researchers are advised to comply with safety and handling guidelines to ensure that experiments are conducted under optimal conditions.
The Broad Impact on Development and Disease
FGF-2 is known for its multifunctional role across numerous biological processes such as tissue repair, embryonic development, angiogenesis, and even tumorigenesis.
This growth factor, existing in various synonymous forms such as Basic FGF, FGF-b, and HBGF-2, is essential in cellular processes that underpin both health and disease.
Furthermore, FGF-2's ability to bind to cellular receptors triggers a cascade of signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and PLCγ, which in turn influence cell growth, migration, and survival.
These pathways are pivotal in mediating the factor's diverse effects on cell behavior, contributing to its critical roles in wound healing, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling.
What is the molecular weight/Mw of FGF 2 Protein?
FGF 2 Protein has a total Mw of 17.2kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FGF 2 Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of FGF 2 Protein?
FGF 2 Protein is >98% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of FGF 2 Protein?
The ED50, calculated by the dose-dependant proliferation of murine balb/c 3T3 cells is <0.1ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of graeter than 1.0x107 Units/mg.

What is the amino acid sequence of FGF 2 Protein?
AAGSITTLPA LPEDGGSGAF PPGHFKDPKR LYCKNGGFFL RIHPDGRVDG VREKSDPHIK LQLQAEERGV VSIKGVCANR YLAMKEDGRL LASKCVTDEC FFFERLESNN YNTYRSRKYT SWYVALKRTG QYKLGSKTGP GQKAILFLPM SAKS.

What applications can FGF 2 Protein be used in?
FGF 2 Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FGF 2 Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FGF 2 Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 D4 Human Recombinant

FLT-1, FLT1, Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor FLT, Flt-1, Tyrosine-protein kinase FRT, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, VEGFR-1.

Product # :

PKA-235

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Description

Soluble FLT1 D1-4 Human Recombinant produced in baculovirus is monomeric, glycosylated, polypeptide containing 457 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 55 kDa. The soluble receptor protein contains only the first 4 extracellular domains, which contain all the information necessary for binding of VEGF.The VEGFR1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Insect Cells.

Formulation

FLT1 D1-4 was lyophilized from a concentrated (1mg/ml) sterile solution containing no additives.

Purity

Greater than 90.0% as determined by(a)Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b)Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The activity of FLT1D1-4 was determined by its ability to abolish the binding of iodinated VEGF to solid surfaces or cell surfaces, and in Far-Western and cross-linking experiments with iodinated VEGF.

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Introduction
Endothelial cells express three different vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, belonging to the family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). They are named VEGFR-1 (Flt-1), VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1), VEGFR-3 (Flt-4). Their expression is almost exclusively restricted to endothelial cells, but VEGFR-1 can also be found on monocytes, dendritic cells and on trophoblast cells. The flt-1 gene was first described in 1990. The receptor contains seven immunoglobulin-like extracellular domains, a single transmembrane region and an intracellular splited tyrosine kinase domain. Compared to VEGFR-2 the Flt-1 receptor has a higher affinity for VEGF but a weaker signaling activity. VEGFR-1 thus leads not to proliferation of endothelial cells, but mediates signals for differentiation. Interestingly a naturally occuring soluble variant of VEGFR-1 (sVEGFR-1) was found in HUVE supernatants in 1996, which is generated by alternative splicing of the flt-1 mRNA. The biological functions of sVEGFR-1 still are not clear, but it seems to be an endogenous regulator of angiogenesis, binding VEGF with the same affinity as the full-length receptor.
Synonyms
FLT-1, FLT1, Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor FLT, Flt-1, Tyrosine-protein kinase FRT, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, VEGFR-1.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized FLT-1 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution FLT1 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized FLT1 D4 in sterile water not less than 100 µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) Human

Parathyrin, PTH, Parathormone.

Product # :

HOR-290

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Description

Parathyroid Hormone Human Synthetic (C181H291N55O51S2) contains 34 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 4117.72 Dalton. The PTH is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Formulation

The protein (1mg/ml) was lyophilized without any additives.

Purity

Greater than 99.0% as determined by RP-HPLC.

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Introduction
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), or parathormone, is secreted by the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. It acts to increase the concentration of calciumin the blood, whereas calcitonin (a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland) acts to decrease calcium concentration. PTH acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood by acting upon parathyroid hormone receptorin three parts of the body: In the bones- It enhances the release of calcium from the large reservoir contained in the bones. Bone resorption is the normal destruction of bone by osteoclasts, which are indirectly stimulated by PTH. Stimulation is indirect since osteoclasts do not have a receptor for PTH; rather, PTH binds to osteoblasts, the cells responsible for creating bone. Binding stimulates osteoblasts to increase their expression of RANKL, which can bind to osteoclast precursors containing RANK, a receptor for RANKL. The binding of RANKL to RANK stimulates these precursors to fuse, forming new osteoclasts which ultimately enhances the resorption of bone.
In the kidney- It enhances active reabsorption of calcium from distal tubules and the thick ascending limb.
In the intestine- It enhances the absorption of calcium in the intestine by increasing the production of vitamin D and upregulating the enzyme responsible for 1-alpha hydroxylationof 25-hydroxy vitamin D, converting vitamin D to its active form (1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D) which effects the actual absorption of calcium (as Ca2+ ions) by the intestine via calbindin.
Recombinant Human full length PTH 1-84 has potential as an anti-osteoporotic agent, due to its properties as a bone formation stimulant, it increases bone turnover, stimulating osteoblasts and reducing both vertebral and non vertebral fractures.
Synonyms
Parathyrin, PTH, Parathormone.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Parathyrin although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution PTH should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Parathormone in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100 µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
H-Ser-Val-Ser-Glu-Ile-Gln-Leu-Met-His-Asn-Leu-Gly-Lys-His-Leu-Asn-Ser-Met-Glu-Arg-Val-Glu-Trp-Leu-Arg-Lys-Lys-Leu-Gln-Asp-Val-His-Asn-Phe-OH.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Trefoil Factor-2 Human Recombinant

TFF-2, Spasmolytic polypeptide, Spasmolysin, SML1, Trefoil factor 2, SP, TFF2.

Product # :

CYT-612

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Description

TFF-2 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 106 amino acids (24-129) and having a total molecular mass of 12 kDa. TFF2 Human Recombinant includes a 40-amino acid trefoil motif containing three conserved intramolecular disulfide bonds and was purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The TFF2 protein was lyophilized from 0.4μm filtered solution at a concentration of 1mg/mL containing 1x PBS pH-7.4.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Determined by its ability to chemoattract human MCF-7 cells using a concentration 1.0-10.0 ng/ml.

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Introduction
Proteins of the TFF family are characterized by obtaining a minimum of 1 copy of the trefoil motif, a 40-amino acid domain that contains 3 conserved disulfides. Trefoil Factors are stable secretory proteins expressed in gastrointestinal mucosa which protect the mucosa from insults, stabilize the mucus layer and affect healing of the epithelium.TFF2 inhibits gastric acid motility & secretion. TFF2 stabilizes glycoproteins in the mucus gel through interactions with carbohydrate side chains.
Synonyms
TFF-2, Spasmolytic polypeptide, Spasmolysin, SML1, Trefoil factor 2, SP, TFF2.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized TFF2 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution TFF2 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized TFF2 in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
EKPSPCQCSR LSPHNRTNCG FPGITSDQCF DNGCCFDSSV TGVPWCFHPL PKQESDQCVM EVSDRRNCGY PGISPEECAS RKCCFSNFIF EVPWCFFPKSVEDCHY.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Fibroblast Growth Factor-4 Human Recombinant

HBGF4, FGF-4, FGF4, KFGF, HSTF1.

Product # :

CYT-312

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Description

FGF4 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 182 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 19.8kDa. The FGF4 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The FGF4 protein was lyophilized with 20mM sodium phosphate and 500mM NaCl pH-7.5.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED₅₀ as determined by NR6R-3T3 Proliferation is 0.54ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 1.8X10⁶ units/mg.

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Introduction
FGF4 holds s comprehensive mitogenic and cell survival activities and takes part in a range of biological processes including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. FGF4 possess oncogenic transforming activity. FGF4 and FGF3, oncogenic growth factors are localized on chromosome 11. Co-amplification of both factors was found in several kinds of human tumors. FGF4 functions in bone morphogenesis and limb development through the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway.
Synonyms
HBGF4, FGF-4, FGF4, KFGF, HSTF1.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized FGF4 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution FGF-4 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized FGF4 Human Recombinant sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
MAPTAPNGTL EAELERRWES LVALSLARLP VAAQPKEAAV QSGAGDYLLG IKRLRRLYCN VGIGFHLQAL PDGRIGGAHA DTRDSLLELS PVERGVVSIF GVASRFFVAM SSKGKLYGSP FFTDECTFKE ILLPNNYNAY ESYKYPGMFI ALSKNGKTKK GNRVSPTMKV THFLPRL.
Background
What is the molecular weight/Mw of FGF4 HUMAN Protein?
FGF4 HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 19.8kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FGF4 HUMAN Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of FGF4 HUMAN Protein?
FGF4 HUMAN Protein is > 95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of FGF4 HUMAN Protein?
The ED50 as determined by NR6R-3T3 Proliferation is 0.54ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 1.8X106 units/mg.

What is the amino acid sequence of FGF4 HUMAN Protein?
MAPTAPNGTL EAELERRWES LVALSLARLP VAAQPKEAAV QSGAGDYLLG IKRLRRLYCN VGIGFHLQAL PDGRIGGAHA DTRDSLLELS PVERGVVSIF GVASRFFVAM SSKGKLYGSP FFTDECTFKE ILLPNNYNAY ESYKYPGMFI ALSKNGKTKK GNRVSPTMKV THFLPRL.

What applications can FGF4 HUMAN Protein be used in?
FGF4 HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FGF4 HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FGF4 HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Endobrevin Human Recombinant

VAMP8, VAMP-8, Endobrevin, Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 8, EDB.

Product # :

PRO-660

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Shipped with Ice Packs

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Description

VAMP8 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 96 amino acids (1-76 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 10.9 kDa. The VAMP8 is fused to a 20 amino acid His Tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatography techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The VAMP8 protein solution (0.25mg/ml) contains 20mM Tris pH-8, 0.1mM PMSF, 0.2M NaCl and 50% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 85.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
VAMP8 also called endobrevin, is the main component of a SNARE complex involved in the docking and fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. VAMP8 protein is involved in the regulatation of enzyme secretion in pancreatic acinar cells and plays a part in the abscission of the midbody during cell division, which leads to completely separate daughter cells. VAMP8 is essential for dense-granule secretion in platelets. VAMP8 is related with the perinuclear vesicular structures of the early endocytic compartment. VAMP8 interacts particularly with the soluble NSF-attachment protein (alpha-SNAP), through an VAMP8-containing SNARE complex.
Synonyms
VAMP8, VAMP-8, Endobrevin, Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 8, EDB.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MEEASEGGGN DRVRNLQSEV EGVKNIMTQN VERILARGEN LEHLRNKTED LEATSEHFKT TSQKVARKFW WKNVKM.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Chromosome 17 Open Reading Frame 103 Human Recombinant

Chromosome 17 Open Reading Frame 103, Transcript Expressed During Hematopoiesis 2, Gene Trap Locus F3b, Gtlf3b, Protein GTLF3B.

Product # :

PRO-1619

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Description

C17ORF103 Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 136 amino acids (1-113) and having a molecular mass of 15.4kDa.C17ORF103 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The C17ORF103 solution contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 0.1M NaCl, 1mM DTT and 20% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
C17orf103 is a member of the GTLF3B family and is encoded by a gene which is located in human chromosome 17p11.2. BRCA1 and p53 are 2 main tumor suppressor genes which are linked to chromosome 17. Tumor suppressor p53 is necessary for maintenance of cellular genetic integrity by moderating cell fate through DNA repair versus cell death. C17orf103 is also related to neurofibromatosis, a disorder characterized by neural and epidermal lesions, and dysregulated Schwann cell growth.
Synonyms
Chromosome 17 Open Reading Frame 103, Transcript Expressed During Hematopoiesis 2, Gene Trap Locus F3b, Gtlf3b, Protein GTLF3B.
Physical Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSMAHSAAA VPLGALEQGC PIRVEHDRRR RQFTVRLNGC HDRAVLLYEY VGKRIVDLQH TEVPDAYRGR GIAKHLAKAA LDFVVEEDLK AHLTCWYIQK YVKENPLPQY LERLQP

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Human Recombinant, His Tag

CSF-2, MGI-1GM, GM-CSF, Pluripoietin-alpha, Molgramostin, Sargramostim, MGC131935, MGC138897.

Product # :

CYT-477

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Description

GMCSF Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 127 amino acids fragment (18-144) and having a molecular mass of 18.98kDa with an amino-terminal hexahistidine tag. GM-CSF Human Recombinant His is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor-His is supplied in 20mM Tris HCl (pH 8) and 50% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
GMCSF is a cytokine that controls the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes and macrophages. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a homodimer. This gene has been localized to a cluster of related genes at chromosome region 5q31, which is known to be associated with interstitial deletions in the 5q- syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. Other genes in the cluster include those encoding interleukins 4, 5, and 13.
GM-CSF stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and erythrocytes. Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor is a potent species-specific growth factor produced by a variety of cell types including T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells and endothelial cells. GM-CSF is produced in response to cytokine or immune stimulation and has been shown to stimulate the proliferation, maturation and function of hematopoietic cells.
Synonyms
CSF-2, MGI-1GM, GM-CSF, Pluripoietin-alpha, Molgramostin, Sargramostim, MGC131935, MGC138897.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered clear solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. Please avoid freeze thaw cycles.
Background
What is the molecular weight/Mw of GM-CSF HUMAN, HIS Protein?
GM-CSF HUMAN, HIS Protein has a total Mw of 18.98kDa.

What is the source or expression system of GM-CSF HUMAN, HIS Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of GM-CSF HUMAN, HIS Protein?
GM-CSF HUMAN, HIS Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of GM-CSF HUMAN, HIS Protein?
The biological functionality of GM-CSF HUMAN, HIS Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of GM-CSF HUMAN, HIS Protein?
GM-CSF HUMAN, HIS Protein is composed from 127 amino acids.

What applications can GM-CSF HUMAN, HIS Protein be used in?
GM-CSF HUMAN, HIS Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for GM-CSF HUMAN, HIS Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, GM-CSF HUMAN, HIS Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Nafarelin Acetate

Product # :

HOR-248

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Description

Nafarelin is a decapeptide containing 9 amino acids Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Ala-Leu-Arg-Pro.Nafarelin is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Formulation

The protein (1mg/ml) was lyophilized with no additives.

Purity

Greater than 98.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Nafarelin acetate is a synthetic analog of the naturally occurring gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Nafarelin stimulates the release of the pituitary gonadotropins, LH and FSH, resulting in a temporary increase of ovarian steroidogenesis.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Nafarelin although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution NAF should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Nafarelin in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100 µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 Human

Transforming growth factor beta-1, TGF-beta-1, CED, DPD1, TGFB, TGF-b 1.

Product # :

CYT-561

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Description

Human Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 purified from Human Platelets having a molecular mass of 25kDa.The TGF-b 1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Human Platelets.

Formulation

TGF-Beta1 protein was lyophilized from a solution containing 30% acetonitrile and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid.

Purity

Greater than 98.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Stimulates the growth of NRK-1 cells in soft agar at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5ng/ml corresponding to a specific activity of 200,000-10,000,000IU/mg. Effective concentration ranges must be experimentally determined. Purified EGF and/or TGF- must be present for observation of the biological activity.

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Introduction
Transforming growth factor betas (TGF Betas) mediate many cell-cell interactions that occur during embryonic development. Three TGFBetas have been identified in mammals. TGFBeta1, TGFBeta2 and TGFBeta3 are each synthesized as precursor proteins that are very similar in that each is cleaved to yield a 112 amino acid polypeptide that remains associated with the latent portion of the molecule.
Synonyms
Transforming growth factor beta-1, TGF-beta-1, CED, DPD1, TGFB, TGF-b 1.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered lyophilized powder.
Stability
Lyophilized TGF-beta 1 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution TGF-beta 1 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.DO NOT RECONSTITE WITH NEUTRAL BUFFERS.DO NOT USE GLASS IMPLEMENTS OR EXTENSIVE MANIPULATIONS.PREVENT FREEZE THAW CYCLES.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute lyophilized TGF-beta 1 in 0.5% BSA in 0.1N acetic acid, which can then be further diluted to the desired aliquot with 30% acetonitrile and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid.
Background
Title: Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 Human: An Insight into its Role in Cellular Regulation
Abstract:

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a critical role in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune regulation. This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the structure, synthesis, signaling pathways, and biological functions of TGF-β1 in human cells. Additionally, this article highlights the relevance of TGF-β1 in various physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer, fibrosis, and immune disorders. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies targeting TGF-β1 signaling are also discussed. The information presented in this paper consolidates the current understanding of TGF-β1 and its significance in cellular regulation.
Introduction:

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) belongs to a superfamily of growth factors that regulate various cellular processes. It is synthesized as a precursor protein and undergoes proteolytic cleavage to generate the biologically active form. TGF-β1 exerts its effects by binding to specific cell surface receptors, leading to the activation of downstream signaling cascades. These signaling pathways involve Smad-dependent and Smad-independent mechanisms, which ultimately regulate gene expression and cellular responses.
Biological Functions:

TGF-β1 regulates cell proliferation by exerting both stimulatory and inhibitory effects, depending on the cellular context. It plays a crucial role in tissue development, wound healing, and tissue repair by promoting extracellular matrix synthesis and modulating the immune response. TGF-β1 also has immunomodulatory functions, influencing the differentiation and function of immune cells. However, dysregulation of TGF-β1 signaling is associated with various pathologies, including cancer progression, fibrosis, and autoimmune disorders.
Role in Cancer:

TGF-β1 acts as a tumor suppressor in early stages of cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. However, in advanced stages, it promotes tumor progression by enhancing tumor cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. The dual role of TGF-β1 in cancer highlights its complex involvement in tumorigenesis.
Therapeutic Implications:

Given the significant role of TGF-β1 in various diseases, targeting its signaling pathways has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy. Several approaches, including small molecule inhibitors, antibodies, and gene therapies, are being explored to modulate TGF-β1 activity in a controlled manner. These interventions hold promise in the treatment of cancer, fibrosis, and other TGF-β1-related disorders.
Conclusion:

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 is a versatile cytokine with diverse functions in cellular regulation. Its role in physiological processes and disease pathogenesis underscores its importance as a therapeutic target. Further investigations into the precise mechanisms and downstream effects of TGF-β1 signaling will contribute to the development of novel therapies for various human disorders.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Prolactin Receptor Antagonist Human Recombinant

Mammotropin, Luteotropic hormone, Luteotropin, PRL.

Product # :

CYT-1254

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Description

Prolactin Human Receptor Antagonist del 1-9, G129R mutant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 190 amino acids + an additional Ala at n-terminal and having a molecular mass of ~ 22 kDa. The Human Prolactin Receptor Antagonist is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia coli.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized from a concentrated (1-2mg/ml) solution with 0.02% -0.03% NaHCO3.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by:

(a) Analysis by Gel Filtration.

(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

fully biologically active as evidenced by inhibiting PRLR-induced proliferation of Nb2 cells or Baf3 cells stably transfected with hPRL receptors. It also interacts at 1:1 molar ratio with human prolactin receptor extracellular domain as documented by SEC and SPR (Biacore analysis).

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Synonyms
Mammotropin, Luteotropic hormone, Luteotropin, PRL.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized PRLR although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution at > 0.1 mg/ml and up to 3 mg/ml and filter sterilization PRLR can be stored at 4C for several weeks. Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized PRLR in sterile 0.4% NaHCO3 adjusted to pH 8-9 not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
The sequence of the first six N-terminal amino acids was determined and was found to be Ala-Arg-Ser-Gln-Val-Thr
Background
Prolactin is a pituitary hormone which takes part in the stimulation of milk production, salt and water regulation, development, growth and reproduction. The primary step in its action is binding a specific membrane receptor (prolactin receptor) which belongs to the superfamily of class 1 cytokine receptors. PRLR varies in size (short and long forms) with tissue source and species, from ~40 kDa to 100 kDa. The PRL-R consists of at least 3 separate domains: an extracellular region with 5 cysteines which contains the prolactin binding site, a single transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic region, the length of which appears to influence ligand binding and regulate cellular function.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Pallidin Homolog Human Recombinant

Pallidin protein homolog (mouse), PA, HPS9, PALLID, syntaxin 13-interacting protein pallid.

Product # :

PRO-1068

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Description

PLDN Human Recombinant produced in E. coli is a single polypeptide chain containing 192 amino acids (1-172) and having a molecular mass of 21.9kDa.PLDN is fused to a 20 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

E.coli.

Formulation

The PLDN solution (1mg/1ml) contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 100mM Nacl, 2mM DTT and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Pallidin is involved in intracellular vesicle trafficking. PLDN cooperates with Syntaxin 13 that facilitates intracellular membrane fusion. A Few alternatively spliced transcript variations of this gene have been discovered however the full-length nature of several of these variants has not been determined. PLDN takes part in the creation of lysosome-related organelles, for example melanosomes and platelet-dense granules. PLDN is known to cooperate with Dysbindin, BLOC1S1, STX12, CNO, MUTED, SNAPAP and BLOC1S2.
Synonyms
Pallidin protein homolog (mouse), PA, HPS9, PALLID, syntaxin 13-interacting protein pallid.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MSVPGPSSPD GALTRPPYCL EAGEPTPGLS DTSPDEGLIE DLTIEDKAVE QLAEGLLSHY LPDLQRSKQA LQELTQNQVV LLDTLEQEIS KFKECHSMLD INALFAEAKH YHAKLVNIRK EMLMLHEKTS KLKKRALKLQ QKRQKEELER EQQREKEFER EKQLTARPAK RM

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Proline-Rich Protein HaeIII Subfamily 1 Human Recombinant

Proline-Rich Protein HaeIII Subfamily 1, Parotid Acidic Protein, Parotid Isoelectric Focusing Variant Protein, Parotid Double-Band Protein, Parotid Proline-Rich Protein ½, Protein C, PRP-1/PRP-2, Pr1/Pr2, PIF-S, Db-s, PA.

Product # :

PRO-1552

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Description

PRH1 Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 129 amino acids (17-122) and having a molecular mass of 13.4kDa (molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear higher).PRH1 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The PRH1 solution (0.25mg/ml) contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 0.15M NaCl, 1mM DTT and 30% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 80% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
RPL22, a cytoplasmic ribosomal protein, is a member of the L22E family of ribosomal proteins and a component of the 60S subunit. RPL22 binds specifically to Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) 1 and 2.
Synonyms
Proline-Rich Protein HaeIII Subfamily 1, Parotid Acidic Protein, Parotid Isoelectric Focusing Variant Protein, Parotid Double-Band Protein, Parotid Proline-Rich Protein ½, Protein C, PRP-1/PRP-2, Pr1/Pr2, PIF-S, Db-s, PA.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered clear solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSQDLNEDV SQEDVPLVIS DGGDSEQFLD EERQGPPLGG QQSQPSAGDG NQDDGPQQGP PQQGGQQQQG PPPPQGKPQG PPQQGGHPPP PQGRPQGPPQ QGGHPRPPR.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Neurturin Human Recombinant

Neurturin.

Product # :

CYT-818

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Description

NRTN Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a homodimeric non-glycosylated polypeptide chains consisting of two 102 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 23.4kDa.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

NRTN protein was lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered concentrated solution in 30 mM Citrate Sodium, pH 4.2, 400 mM NaCl, with 0.02 % Tween-20.

Purity

Greater than 96.0% as determined by: (a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Fully biologically active when compared to standard. The biologically active as determined by its binding ability in a functional ELISA.

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Introduction
NRTN belongs to the GDNF family of ligands, a distant member of the TGF-beta superfamily. NRTN, a ligand used to bind to GFRA2 receptors, signals through RET and a GPI-linked coreceptor, and promotes endurance of neuronal populations, controls the size of non-neuronal cell population such as haemopoietic cells and regulate the development and maintenance of the CNS. Mutation in NRTN results in Hirschsprung Disease.
Synonyms
Neurturin.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized NRTN although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution NRTN should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized NRTN in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 0.5mg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
ARLGARPCGL RELEVRVSEL GLGYASDETV LFRYCAGACE AAARVYDLGL RRLRQRRRLR RERVRAQPCC RPTAYEDEVS FLDAHSRYHT VHELSARECA CV

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Complexin-1 Human Recombinant

CPLX-1, CPXI, CPX-I, CPX1, CPX-1, Synaphin2, Synaphin-2, Complexin-1, Complexin I, CPX I, CPLX1.

Product # :

PRO-645

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Description

CPLX1 Human Recombinant fused with a 20 amino acid His tag at N-terminus produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 154 amino acids (1-134 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 17.1kDa (molecular weight on SDS-PAGE will appear higher).The CPLX1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The CPLX1protein solution contains 20mM Tris-HCl pH-8 and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 90% by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
CPLX1 is part of the SNARE family complex binding proteins that are catalysts or inhibitors of vesicle exocytosis. CPLX1 shows reduced Ca2+-triggered fast neurotransmitter release at hippocampal glutamatergic synapses, indicating that CPLX1 is a positive regulator of transmitter release. In contrast, CPLX1 inhibits SNARE-mediated liposome and cell fusions in vitro, that result in hypothesis thus acts as a fusion clamp of synaptic exocytosis. CPLX1 regulates a late step in synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
Synonyms
CPLX-1, CPXI, CPX-I, CPX1, CPX-1, Synaphin2, Synaphin-2, Complexin-1, Complexin I, CPX I, CPLX1.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MEFVMKQALG GATKDMGKML GGDEEKDPDA AKKEEERQEA LRQAEEERKA KYAKMEAERE AVRQGIRDKYGIKKKEEREA EAQAAMEANS EGSLTRPKKA IPPGCGDEVE EEDESILDTV IKYLPGPLQD MLKK.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Oncostatin-M Rat Recombinant

Oncostatin-M, OSM, OncoM.

Product # :

CYT-169

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Quantity :

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Description

OSM Rat Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 214 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 24.3kDa.The OSM is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

OSM protein was lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered concentrated solution in 1xPBS, pH 7.4.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED₅₀ as determined by the dose-dependent stimulation of the proliferation of rat C6 cells is < 5.0 µg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 200 units/mg.

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Introduction
Oncostatin M is a member of a cytokine family that includes leukemia-inhibitory factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 6. This gene encodes a growth regulator which inhibits the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines. It regulates cytokine production, including IL-6, G-CSF and GM-CSF from endothelial cells.
Synonyms
Oncostatin-M, OSM, OncoM.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Oncostatin M although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Oncostatin should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Oncostatin M in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
KRGCSSSSPK LLSQLKSQAN ITGNTASLLE PYILHQNLNT LTLRAACTEH PVAFPSEDML RQLSKPDFLS TVHATLGRVW HQLGAFRQQF PKIQDFPELE RARQNIQGIR NNVYCMARLL HPPLEIPEPT QADSGTSRPT TTAPGIFQIK IDSCRFLWGY HRFMGSVGRV FEEWGDGSRR SR RHSPLWAW LKGDHRIRPS RSSQSAMLRS LVPR.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Human Recombinant

Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor, CSF-1, Lanimostim, MCSF, MGC31930, M-CSF.

Product # :

CYT-308

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Quantity :

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Description

Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a disulfide linked homodimer, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 2 x 159 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 37.1 KD. MCSF is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The MCSF protein was lyophilized with 10mM sodium Phosphate, pH-8.0 & 50mM NaCl.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED50, calculated by the dose-dependent stimulation of the proliferation of murine M-NFS-60 indicator cells was found to be 1.15ng/ml corresponding to a specific activity of 8.7x10⁵ Units/mg.

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Introduction
Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factors are cytokines that act in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of 2 related white cell populations of the blood, the granulocytes and the monocytes-macrophages. MCSF induces cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. MCSF plays a role in immunological defenses, bone metabolism, lipoproteins clearance, fertility and pregnancy.
Synonyms
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor, CSF-1, Lanimostim, MCSF, MGC31930, M-CSF.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized MCSF although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution MCSF should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized MCSF in sterile 18M-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
MEEVSEYCSH MIGSGHLQSL QRLIDSQMET SCQITFEFVD QEQLKDPVCY LKKAFLLVQD IMEDTMRFRD NTPNAIAIVQ LQELSLRLKS CFTKDYEEHD KACVRTFYET PLQLLEKVKN VFNETKNLLD KDWNIFSKNC NNSFAECSSQ GHERQSEGS.
Background
M-CSF (Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor) Human Recombinant: Unraveling Its Role in Macrophage Biology and Beyond
Abstract:
M-CSF (Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor), also known as Lanimostim, MCSF, or MGC31930, is a crucial growth factor that regulates the development, proliferation, and function of macrophages.
This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the molecular characteristics, signaling pathways, and diverse physiological functions of M-CSF. Additionally, it explores the therapeutic implications of M-CSF in various diseases and disorders.
Synonyms such as Lanimostim, MCSF, and MGC31930 associated with the protein are discussed throughout the paper to highlight their relevance in scientific literature.
Introduction:
1. M-CSF, also known as Lanimostim, MCSF, or MGC31930, is a growth factor that plays a critical role in the regulation of macrophage biology. This section introduces M-CSF and its synonyms, highlighting their significance and relevance in scientific research.
Molecular Characteristics of M-CSF:
1. This section explores the molecular characteristics of M-CSF, including its primary amino acid sequence, protein structure, and post-translational modifications. The importance of these factors in determining M-CSF's biological activity and receptor binding is discussed.
Signaling Pathways Activated by M-CSF:
1. M-CSF activates specific signaling pathways upon binding to its receptor, leading to diverse cellular responses. This section focuses on the activation of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. The downstream effectors and transcriptional regulators involved in mediating M-CSF's cellular responses are also discussed.
Physiological Functions of M-CSF:
1. M-CSF plays critical roles in various physiological processes, particularly in macrophage development, survival, polarization, and immune regulation. This section provides an in-depth analysis of M-CSF's contributions to these processes, emphasizing its role in hematopoiesis, tissue homeostasis, wound healing, and host defense.
Therapeutic Implications of M-CSF:
1. The unique properties of M-CSF make it a promising therapeutic candidate for various diseases and disorders. This section discusses the potential applications of M-CSF in immunotherapy, tissue regeneration, cancer treatment, and autoimmune diseases. The challenges and future directions in utilizing M-CSF as a therapeutic agent are also explored.
M-CSF in Disease Pathogenesis:
1. M-CSF dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and bone disorders. This section examines the role of M-CSF in promoting tumor progression, macrophage-mediated inflammation, osteoclast differentiation, and metabolic diseases. The therapeutic implications and targeting of M-CSF in disease management are also discussed.
Conclusion:
1. M-CSF, also known as Lanimostim, MCSF, or MGC31930, is a critical growth factor involved in macrophage biology and disease pathogenesis. Understanding the molecular characteristics, signaling pathways, and physiological functions of M-CSF contributes to the exploration of its therapeutic potential in various disorders.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Epigen Human Recombinant

EPG, Epigen, PRO9904, ALGV3072, FLJ75542, EPGN, Epithelial mitogen.

Product # :

CYT-601

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Description

Epigen Recombinant Human produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 72 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 7.9 kDa. Epigen is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

EPGN was lyophilized from 20mM PBS buffer pH-7.4 .

Purity

Greater than 98.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Determined by the dose-dependent stimulation of the proliferation of murine Balb/3T3 cells. The expected ED₅₀ for this effect is less than 300 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 3.3 ×103 IU/mg.

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Introduction
EPGN is an EGF-related polypeptide growth factor that signals through the ErbB receptor-1. EPGN is produced in numerous tissues, including the testis, liver, heart and in certain tumor cells. EPGN is mitogenic for fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Human EPGN is originally synthesized as a glycosylated 14.7 kDa transmembrane precursor protein, which is processed by proteolytic cleavage to produce a mature soluble sequence.
Synonyms
EPG, Epigen, PRO9904, ALGV3072, FLJ75542, EPGN, Epithelial mitogen.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Epigen although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution EPGN should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Epigen in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
AVTVTPPITA QQADNIEGPI ALKFSHLCLE DHNSYCINGA CAFHHELEKA ICRCFTGYTG ERCEHLTLTS YA
Background
What is the molecular weight/Mw of EPIGEN Protein?
EPIGEN Protein has a total Mw of 7.9kDa.

What is the source or expression system of EPIGEN Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of EPIGEN Protein?
EPIGEN Protein is >98% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of EPIGEN Protein?
Determined by the dose-dependent stimulation of the proliferation of murine Balb/3T3 cells. The expected ED50 for this effect is less than 300 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 3.3 ×103 IU/mg.

What is the amino acid sequence of EPIGEN Protein?
AVTVTPPITA QQADNIEGPI ALKFSHLCLE DHNSYCINGA CAFHHELEKA ICRCFTGYTG ERCEHLTLTS YA

What applications can EPIGEN Protein be used in?
EPIGEN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for EPIGEN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, EPIGEN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Met Proto-Oncogene Human Recombinant

Hepatocyte growth factor receptor, HGF receptor, HGF/SF receptor, Proto-oncogene c-Met, Scatter factor receptor, SF receptor, Tyrosine-protein kinase Met, MET,HGFR, AUTS9, RCCP2.

Product # :

PRO-207

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Description

Met Proto-Oncogene Human Recombinant produced in Insect cells amino acids 1039-1345, having a molecular weight of 34.6kDa.MET is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Insect cells.

Formulation

MET protein (1mg/ml) is supplied in 50mM Tris, 300mM NaCl, 10% Glycerol, pH 7.5.

Purity

Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-MET) is a proto-oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase. The endogenous ligand for c-MET is HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), which is a disulfide-linked heterodimeric molecule produced predominantly by mesenchymal cells. In the adult, c-MET protein expression is limited to stem and progenitor cells and is required for wound healing and hepatocyte regeneration. In the embryo, c-MET receptors are expressed on cells of epithelial origin, which are vital for invasive growth and mediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Abnormal activation of the HGF/MET pathway leads to a variety of cancers. c-MET mutation is linked with a poor prognosis since it can trigger tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis.
Synonyms
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor, HGF receptor, HGF/SF receptor, Proto-oncogene c-Met, Scatter factor receptor, SF receptor, Tyrosine-protein kinase Met, MET,HGFR, AUTS9, RCCP2.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered clear colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time.Please avoid freeze thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
DSDISSPLLQNTVHIDLSALNPELVQAVQHVVIGPSSLIVHFNEVIGRGHFGCVYHGTL
LDNDGKKIHCAVKSLNRITDIGEVSQFLTEGIIMKDFSHPNVLSLLGICLRSEGSPLVVL
PYMKHGDLRNFIRNETHNPTVKDLIGFGLQVAKGMKYLASKKFVHRDLAARNCMLDE
KFTVKVADFGLARDMYDKEYYSVHNKTGAKLPVKWMALESLQTQKFTTKSDVWSFG
VLLWELMTRGAPPYPDVNTFDITVYLLQGRRLLQPEYCPDPLYEVMLKCWHPKAEM
RPSFSELVSRISAIFSTFI.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Human Recombinant, Baculovirus

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, VEGF, Vascular Permeability Factor, MVCD1, VPF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, VEGF-A, Vascular endothelial growth factor A.

Product # :

CYT-849

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Description

VEGF produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 171 amino acids (27-191 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 19.9 kDa. VEGF is expressed with a 6 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Sf9, Baculovirus cells.

Formulation

VEGF protein solution (0.25mg/ml) contains Phosphate buffered saline (pH7.4), 30% glycerol, 1mM DTT and 0.1mM PMSF.

Purity

Greater than 85.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Vascular endothelial growth factor is an important signaling protein involved in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. As its name implies, VEGF activity has been mostly studied on cells of the vascular endothelium, although it does have effects on a number of other cell types (e.g. stimulation monocyte/ macrophagemigration, neurons, cancer cells, kidney epithelial cells ).VEGF mediates increased vascular permeability, induces angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth, promotes cell migration, and inhibits apoptosis. In vitro, VEGF has been shown to stimulate endothelial cell mitogenesisand cell migration. VEGF is also a vasodilator and increases microvascular permeability and was originally referred to as vascular permeability factor. Elevated levels of this protein are linked to POEMS syndrome, also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome. Mutations in this gene have been associated with proliferative and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Synonyms
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, VEGF, Vascular Permeability Factor, MVCD1, VPF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, VEGF-A, Vascular endothelial growth factor A.
Physical Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
APMAEGGGQN HHEVVKFMDV YQRSYCHPIE TLVDIFQEYP DEIEYIFKPS CVPLMRCGGC CNDEGLECVP TEESNITMQI MRIKPHQGQH IGEMSFLQHN KCECRPKKDR ARQENPCGPC SERRKHLFVQ DPQTCKCSCK NTDSRCKARQ LELNERTCRC DKPRRHHHHH H.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Triptorelin Acetate

Product # :

HOR-238

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Description

Triptorelin C64H82N18O13, Pyr-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Trp-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2 is a synthetic analogue of gonadorelin (GnRH). As a result of the substitution of the 6th amino acid residue in the native molecule, the agonistic effect is more pronounced and the plasma half-life prolonged.

Formulation

The protein (1 mg/ml) was lyophilized with no additives.

Purity

Greater than 98.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

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Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Trp although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Trp should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Trp in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100 µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Background
What is the Purity of TRIPTORELIN Protein?
TRIPTORELIN Protein is >98% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of TRIPTORELIN Protein?
The biological functionality of TRIPTORELIN Protein will be determined in the future.

What applications can TRIPTORELIN Protein be used in?
TRIPTORELIN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for TRIPTORELIN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, TRIPTORELIN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

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