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LAMTOR2 is a member of the GAMAD family. LAMTOR2 is highly conserved with a mouse protein linked with the cytoplasmic face of late endosomes and lysosomes. The mouse protein interacts with MAPK scaffold protein 1, which is a component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. LAMTOR2 gene mutation has been associated with a primary immunodeficiency syndrome in humans, proposing a role for this protein in endosomal biogenesis.

STX6 is a member of the syntaxin family and has 1 t-SNARE coiled-coil homology domain. STX6 takes part in intracellular vesicle transferring. STX6 binds EEA1 and Interacts with VPS45A, MARCH2, MARCH3 and GOPC. It is found in a complex comprising STX6, STX12, VAMP4 and VTI1A.

Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) is a proteoglycan secreted by endothelial cells (mostly in the human lung and kidney tissues) and its mRNA expression is regulated by inflammatory cytokines. ESM1 has potent implications in lung endothelial cell-leukocyte interactions. In addition, ESM1 expression is detected in various epithelia and in adipocytes. ESM1 is involved in angiogenesis and it also promotes angiogenic sprouting. ESM1 expression is upregulated by TNF alpha, IL1 beta, or lipopolysaccharide and downregulated by IFN gamma. Genetically engineered cells overexpressing ESM1 induce tumor formation, implying that ESM1 might be involved in the pathophysiology of tumor growth in vivo.

Synaptotagmin-3 (SYT3) is a member of the synaptotagmin family. SYT3 is involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain or may function as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis.

Tropomyosin beta chain isoform 2 is affiliate to the actin filament binding protein family which primarily expressed in slow, type 1 muscle fibers. Mutations in TPM2 can change the expression of other sarcomeric tropomyosin proteins, and cause cap disease, nemaline myopathy and distal arthrogryposis syndromes.

Coatomer Protein Complex SubunitEpsilon, also known as COPE is an epsilon subunit of coatomer protein complex. Coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex which binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly links with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles. COPE is necessary forbudding from Golgi membranes, and is also essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-taggedproteins. Coatomer complex contain at least the alpha, beta, beta', gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta subunits. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding dissimilar isoforms have been identifiedfor COPE.

FAM3C is a member of the FAM3 family and holds a GG domain. Pancreatic cancer-derived cells demonstrate a difference in expression of this protein. FAM3C is a downstream target gene for the Nkx5-1 transcription factor, and there for takes part in cell differentiation and proliferation through inner ear embryogenesis. In addition, FAM3C has a role in retinal laminar formation and promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition.

PDZ Domain Containing 11 (PDZD11) is a cytosolic protein which contains one PDZ (DHR) domain. PDZD11 displays a resemblance to members of the MALS / VELIS family of proteins. PDZD11 contains but one PDZ domain which seemingly interacts with the C-terminus of partner proteins. PDZD11 is ubiquitously expressed and targets calcium and copper ATPases to basolateral cell membranes. PDZD11 is a briefly interacting partner of the PMCA b-splice forms which have a role in their sorting to or from the plasma membrane.

CARD18 belongs to the death-domain-fold superfamily which is induced by proinflammatory stimuli. CARD18 contains basically only a Caspase recruitment domain, inhibits generation of IL-1b by cooperating with caspase-1 and inhibiting connotation with RIP 2. The connotation of CARD18 to caspase-1 is enabled by the charge-charge interactions between the prodomain of caspase-1 and the surface charge of CARD18.

Phosphoglycerate kinase 1, also referred to PGK1, is an X-linked enzyme whichfunctions in the glycolytic pathway.The gene encoding the erythrocyte enzyme PGK1 & it seems that PGK-1 plays a role as a polymerase alpha cofactor protein (primer recognition protein) as a glyxolytic enzyme role. The PGK1 catalyzes the reversible conversion of 1, 3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate during glycolysis, generating one molecule of ATP.

Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 11 (PPP1R11) is located within the major histocompatibility complex class I region on chromosome 6 and is expressed in a variety of both adult and embryonic tissues. PPP1R11 acts as an inhibitor of PP1 (protein phosphatase 1), particularly showing a sensitivity toward the metal-independent and metal-dependent forms of PP1. Deletion of a portion of the q arm of chromosome 6 is related with early onset intestinal cancer, proposing the presence of a cancer vulnerability locus.

Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Esterase L1 (UCHL1) is a part of a family whose products hydrolyze small C-terminal adducts of ubiquitin to create the ubiquitin monomer. UCHL1 is a part of the ubiquitin system, which regulates many biological activities. UCHL1 is a thiol protease that distinguishes and hydrolyzes a peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin. UCHL1 binds to free monoubiquitin and avoids its degradation in lysosomes.

Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT or Tau) is a protein that stabilizes microtubules. MAPT is abundant in neurons in the central nervous system and is less common elsewhere. When MAPT is defective, and no longer stabilizes microtubules properly, it can result in dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease.

Recombinant Human Ubiquitin having the accession number of P62988 was conjugated to Biotin. RPS27A is a small protein composed of 76 amino acids. RPS27A is found only in eukaryotic organisms among which shows strong sequence conservation. The RPS27A protein is present in all cell types, thus giving rise to its name.
RPS27A is found either in free form or conjugated to proteins through a covalent bond between the glycine at the C-terminal end and the side chains of lysine.
The connection of multiple copies of RPS27A targets the proteins for degradation by the 26S proteosome. RPS27A ligation is an ATP-dependent multi-step process. RPS27A is activated by the E1 enzyme. The attachment of RPS27A to the target protein is catalyzed by the E2 enzyme acting in concert with E3 which is involved in the recognition of the substrate protein.

HSP27 (also known as the Estrogen-Regulated 24K protein, and hsp 28) is a member of the mammalian small heat shock protein family. Hsp27 is expressed constitutively in many tissues and its expression is increased to high levels after various types of stress including elevated temperatures, toxic metals, drugs and oxidants. Also, Hsp27 is phosphorylated in vivo on three phosphorylation sites (Ser15, Ser78 and Ser82) by protein kinases including MAPKAP kinase 2 and the stress-activated protein kinase SAPK2 (p38).

Tumor Protein P53 Regulated Apoptosis Inducing Protein 1 (TP53AIP1) is expressed mainly in the thymus, and is localized to the mitochondrion. p53 induces TP53AIP1 production which then mediates p53- dependent apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding diverse isoforms are known for TP53AIP1.

TPT1 takes part in calcium binding and microtubule stabilization. TPT1 is an immunoglobulin E dependent histamine-releasing factor produced by lymphocytes of atopic children and present in biologic fluids of allergic patients. TPT1 protein is similar to p23, a protein of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, synthesized in the exponentially growing tumor. TPT1 is similar with IgE-dependent histamine releasing factor. TPT1 has a cell housekeeping function. TPT1 is involved in spermatogenesis and acts as a calcium binding protein of the human placenta that regulates calcium handling in trophoblast cells.

SCO Cytochrome Oxidase Deficient Homolog 1, also known as SCO1 is a member of the SCO1/2 family. Mammalian cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyzes the transfer of reducing equivalents from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Furthermore, in yeast, two related COX assembly genes, SCO1 & SCO2 which are synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase, enable subunits 1 as well as 2 to be incorporated into the holoprotein. This gene is the human homolog to the yeast SCO1 gene. Among the diseases associated with SCO1 are hepatic failure, early-onset, neurologic disorder due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency and fatal infantile cytochrome c oxidase deficiency.

HSPB11 is a component of IFT complex B composed of IFT88, IFT57, TRAF3IP1, IFT52, IFT27, HSPB11 and IFT20. HSPB11 is detected in the placenta.

SNF8 belongs to the SNF8 family of vacuolar sorting proteins and is restricts to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. SNF8 is a subunit of the endosomal sorting complex essential for transport II (ESCRT-II), which is necessary for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. The MVB pathway facilitates transfer of transmembrane proteins into the lumen of the lysosome for degradation. Additionally, the ESCRT-II complex takes part in transcription regulation by contributing to derepression of transcription by RNA polymerase II, probably by its interface with ELL.

Ubiquitin thioesterase OTUB2 (OTUB2) is a member of the peptidase C65 family. OTUB2 functions as a hydrolase which can remove conjugated ubiquitin from proteins in vitro and may thus play a key regulatory role at the level of protein turnover by preventing degradation.

PBLD is member of the phenazine biosynthesis-like protein (PhzF) family. PBLD which is expressed in most tissues is the only representative of the PhzF family in the human genome. PBLD participates in the MAPK signaling pathway. PBLD is involved in multiple basic cellular functions, its expression is elevated in several disease processes, including folate deficiency and hypotension.

PFKM is a regulatory glycolytic enzyme that converts fructose 6-phosphate and ATP into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (through PFK-1), fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (through PFK-2) and ADP. Three phosphofructokinase isozymes exist in humans: muscle, liver and platelet. Mutations in PFKM gene have been related with glycogen storage disease type VII, also identified as Tarui disease.

GREM1 belongs to the BMP (bone morphogenic protein) antagonist family. Like BMPs, BMP antagonists comprise cystine knots and usually form homo- and heterodimers. The CAN (cerberus and dan) subfamily of BMP antagonists, to which GREM1 belongs, is characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot with an eight-membered ring. The antagonistic effect of the secreted glycosylated protein is because of its direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, GREM1 takes a place in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. In mouse, GREM1 has been shown to convey the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signal from the polarizing region to the apical ectodermal ridge during limb bud outgrowth. Alternatively merged transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.