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Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) belongs to the SFRP family which contains a cysteine-rich domain homologous to the putative Wnt-binding site of Frizzled proteins. SFRPs serve as soluble modulators of Wnt signaling. SFRP4 may serve as a regulator of adult uterine morphology and function. SFRP4 increases apoptosis during ovulation possibly via modulation of FZ1/FZ4/WNT4 signaling. SFRP4 also has phosphaturic effects by specifically inhibiting sodium-dependent phosphate uptake. SFRP4 is expressed in proliferative endometrium and several types of ovarian, endometrial and Brest tumors. SFRP4 is expressed in mesenchymal cells and in cardiomyocytes. SFRP4 expression in ventricular myocardium correlates with apoptosis related gene expression. SFRP4 is up-regulated in failing myocardium.

Placental Lactogen is a polypeptide hormone that is produced by the Syncytiotrophoblasts of the Placenta, also known as chorionic somatomammotropin. It has both GH and Prolactin activities on growth, lactation, and luteal steroid production. In women, placental lactogen secretion begins soon after implantation and increases to 1 g or more a day in late pregnancy. Placental lactogen is also an ins. antagonist.
Placental Lactogen Bovine is also capable of activating human and other heterologous GH receptors but not ruminat GH receptors.

Polypeptide hormones secreted by the parathyroid glands, which promote release of calcium from bone to extracellular fluid by activating osteoblasts and inhibiting osteoclasts, indirectly promote increased intestinal absorption of calcium, and promote renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and increased renal excretion of phosphates. It is a major regulator of bone metabolism. Secretion of parathyroid hormone increases when the level of calcium in the extracellular fluid is low. Its action is opposed by calcitonin.
PTH (7-34), which is a PTH/PTHrP receptor antagonist, can stimulate hair growth and epidermal proliferation in mice.

E-selectin which is also called Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1, ELAM1, ELAM belongs to a family of divalent cation-dependent carbohydrate-binding glycoproteins or adhesion molecules. Eselectin is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and mediates the interaction of leukocytes and platelets with endothelial cells during an inflammatory response. E-selectin is present in single copy in the human genome and contains 14 exons spanning about 13 kb of DNA.

PFN2 is a ubiquitous actin monomer-binding protein which is part of the profilin family. PFN2 regulates actin polymerization in response to extra cellular signals. PFN2 binds to actin and affects the structure of the cytoskeleton. At high concentrations, profilin prevents the polymerization of actin, while it increases it at low concentrations. PFN2 binds to PIP2, it inhibits the formation of IP3 and DG.

Placental Lactogen is a polypeptide hormone that is produced by the Syncytiotrophoblasts of the Placenta, also known as chorionic somatomammotropin. It has both Growth Hormone and Prolactin activities on growth, lactation, and luteal steroid production. In women, placental lactogen secretion begins soon after implantation and increases to 1 g or more a day in late pregnancy. Placental lactogen is also an insulin antagonist.
Placental Lactogen Ovine is also capable of activating human and other heterologous GH receptors but not ruminat GH receptors.

Crystallin gamma N (CRYGN) is a member of the Crystallins family. Crystallins are the main proteins of the vertebrate eye lens, where they preserve the transparency and refractive index of the lens. CRYGN is unique in the way that it has both beta and gamma crystallin protein motifs. The CRYGN is differentially controlled after early development, and is involved in cataract creation due to either age-related protein degradation or genetic mutation.

Kallikrein-10 (KLK10) is one of the 15 kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having various physiological functions. KLK10 is secreted and has a role in suppression of tumorigenesis in breast and prostate cancers.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), or parathormone, is secreted by the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood, whereas calcitonin (a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland) acts to decrease calcium concentration. PTH acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood by acting upon parathyroid hormone receptor in three parts of the body: In the bones- It enhances the release of calcium from the large reservoir contained in the bones. Bone resorption is the normal destruction of bone by osteoclasts, which are indirectly stimulated by PTH. Stimulation is indirect since osteoclasts do not have a receptor for PTH; rather, PTH binds to osteoblasts, the cells responsible for creating bone. Binding stimulates osteoblasts to increase their expression of RANKL, which can bind to osteoclast precursors containing RANK, a receptor for RANKL. The binding of RANKL to RANK stimulates these precursors to fuse, forming new osteoclasts which ultimately enhances the resorption of bone. In the kidney- It enhances active reabsorption of calcium from distal tubules and the thick ascending limb. In the intestine- It enhances the absorption of calcium in the intestine by increasing the production of vitamin D and upregulating the enzyme responsible for 1-alpha hydroxylation of 25-hydroxy vitamin D, converting vitamin D to its active form (1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D) which effects the actual absorption of calcium (as Ca2+ ions) by the intestine via calbindin.

Transferrin is the iron-transport protein of vertebrate serum and donates iron to cells through interaction with a specific membrane receptor, CD71. Transferrin appears to be indispensable for most cells growing in tissue culture.
It is referred to frequently as a growth factor because, in analogy to other growth factor-receptor interactions, proliferating cells express high numbers of transferrin receptors, and the binding of transferrin to their receptors is needed for cells to initiate and maintain their DNA synthesis. Apart from its role as an iron transport protein transferrin acts as a cytokine and has functions that may not be related to its iron-carrying capacity.
Bovine Transferrin is a crucial component for the cultivation of mammalian cells in- vitro. Bovine Transferrin is Critical for long-term cells growth in-vitro. Bovine Transferrin is used as detoxificant in media by binding contaminating metal ions. Bovine Transferrin is often used as a nutrient in fermentation media for recombinant protein and biopharmaceutical production. Additional common uses of Bovine Transferrin are Molecular weight, Affinity purification of anti-human transferrin antibodies and also as receptor mediated transfection of molecules such as DNA, into cells.

INHBC, the beta C chain of inhibin, belongs to the TGF-beta superfamily. INHBC formulates heterodimers with beta A and beta B subunits. Other members of the TGF-beta superfamily are Actv's and Inhibins, hormones with contradictory roles which take part in pituitary, hypothalamic, and gonadal hormone secretion, as well as differentiation and growth of numerous cell types.

Hemopexin (or haemopexin) is a plasma protein that binds heme with the highest affinity of any known protein. Hemopexin is generally expressed in liver, and belongs to acute phase reactants, the synthesis of which is induced after inflammation. Heme is potentially very toxic because of its ability to intercalate into lipid membrane and to generate hydroxyl radicals. Hemopexin’s function of scavenging the heme released or lost by the turnover of heme proteins such as hemoglobin defends the body from the oxidative damage that free heme can cause. Additionally, hemopexin discharges its bound ligand for internalisation upon interacting with a specific receptor located on the surface of liver cells. This hemopexin function is in order to preserve the body's iron. Hemopexin’s levels in the serum are an indication of how much heme is present in the blood. Low Hemopexin levels show that there is a lot of it in the serum. For that reason, low hemopexin levels indicate that there has been consid

LIN28 plays an important role as a 'translational enhancer', leading specific mRNAs to polysomes and therefore increasing the competence of protein synthesis. LIN28 is a marker of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells and it enhances the efficiency of the formation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human fibroblasts. LIN28 binds to the let-7 pre-miRNA and blocks production of the mature let-7 microRNA in mouse embryonic stem cells. Overexpression of LIN28 is associated with human germ-cell tumors.

The 14-3-3 family of proteins plays a key regulatory role in signal transduction, checkpoint control, apoptotic and nutrient-sensing pathways. 14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed. There are at least seven isoforms that have been identified in mammals. The 14-3-3gamma, a subtype of the 14-3-3 family of proteins, was thought to be brain and neuron-specific. It has been shown to interact with RAF1 and protein kinase C, proteins involved in various signal transduction pathways.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), or parathormone, is secreted by the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood, whereas calcitonin (a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland) acts to decrease calcium concentration. PTH acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood by acting upon parathyroid hormone receptor in three parts of the body: In the bones- It enhances the release of calcium from the large reservoir contained in the bones. Bone resorption is the normal destruction of bone by osteoclasts, which are indirectly stimulated by PTH. Stimulation is indirect since osteoclasts do not have a receptor for PTH; rather, PTH binds to osteoblasts, the cells responsible for creating bone. Binding stimulates osteoblasts to increase their expression of RANKL, which can bind to osteoclast precursors containing RANK, a receptor for RANKL. The binding of RANKL to RANK stimulates these precursors to fuse, forming new osteoclasts which ultimately enhances the resorption of bone. In the kidney- It enhances active reabsorption of calcium from distal tubules and the thick ascending limb. In the intestine- It enhances the absorption of calcium in the intestine by increasing the production of vitamin D and upregulating the enzyme responsible for 1-alpha hydroxylation of 25-hydroxy vitamin D, converting vitamin D to its active form (1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D) which effects the actual absorption of calcium (as Ca2+ ions) by the intestine via calbindin.

Synaptotagmin-11 (SYT11) protein may be involved in Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca2+ and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain or may function as Ca2+ sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis.

TSHB is a hormone synthesized and secreted by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland which regulates the endocrine function of the T gland. Stimulates the gland to secrete the hormones (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Production is controlled by a Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone, (TRH), which is manufactured in the hypothalamus and transported to the Anterior Pituitary gland, where it increases production and release. Somatostatin is also produced by the hypothalamus, and has an opposite effect on the pituitary production, decreasing or inhibiting its release. The level of T hormones (T3 and T4) in the blood have an additional effect on the pituitary release of TSH, When the levels of T3 and T4 are low, the production is increased, and conversely, when levels of T3 and T4 are high, then production is decreased. This effect creates a regulatory negative feedback loop.

NPPC is proteolytically managed to create a secreted hormone of the natriuretic peptide family. NPPC is vasoactive and natriuretic and controls the evolution and differentiation of cartilaginous growth plate chondrocytes.

A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from white adipocytes and implicated in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Leptin provides the key afferent signal from fat cells in the feedback system that controls body fat stores.

The Sec61 complex is the key component of the protein translocation apparatus of the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) membrane. Oligomers of the Sec61 complex construct a transmembrane channel where proteins are translocated across and incorporated into the ER membrane. This complex consists of 3 membrane proteins- alpha, beta, and gamma. The SEC61B gene encodes the beta-subunit protein. The Sec61 subunits are also detected in the post-ER compartment, suggesting that these proteins can get out of the ER and recycle back.