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Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1B (FKBP1B) belongs to the immunophilin protein family which has a role in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. FKBP1B is a cis-trans prolyl isomerase which binds the immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin. FKBP1B is extremely similar to the FK506-binding protein 1A. The physiological role of FKBP1B is thought to be in excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle.

Renin is a highly specific endopeptidase which generates angiotensin I from angiotensinogen in the plasma. angiotensin I is an important regulator of blood pressure and electrolyte balance. Renin initiates a cascade of reactions that produce an elevation of blood pressure and increased sodium retention by the kidney.

Adiponectin is an adipocyte specific secreted protein that circulates in the plasma. It is induced during adipocyte differentiation and its secretion is stimulated by insulin. Mouse adiponectin shares about 83% amino acid identity with that human. Adiponectin plays a role in various physiological processes such as energy homeostasis and obesity. Adiponectin is reduced in obese humans, and decreased level is associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 (CXCL5) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78). It is produced following stimulation of cells with the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Expression of CXCL5 has also been observed in eosinophils. This chemokine stimulates the chemotaxis of neutrophils possesses angiogenic properties. It elicits these effects by interacting with the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR2. The gene for CXCL5 is encoded on four exons and is located on human chromosome 4 amongst several other CXC chemokine genes. CXCL5 has been implicated in connective tissue remodelling.

RHOV belongs to the Rho family and to the small GTPase superfamily. RHOV is a 236 aa protein which regulates the actin cytoskeleton by activating the JNK pathway. RHOV is expressed in placenta, pancreas and fetal brain and operates as a lipid anchor at the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane.

MYC Induced Nuclear Antigen, also known as MINA is an oxygenase which can function both as a histone lysine demethylase and a ribosomal histidine hydroxylase. MINA is involved in the demethylation of trimethylated Lys-9 on histone H3 (H3K9me3), leading to an increase in ribosomal RNA expression. MINA also catalyzes the hydroxylation of 60S ribosomal protein L27a on His-39. In addition, MINA plays a significant role in cell growth and survival. MINA is implicated in ribosome biogenesis, probably in the duration of the assembly process of pre-ribosomal particles.

CHD4 is a member of a family of alleged chromodomain helicase-DNA-binding proteins. Biochemically, CHD4 is a component of the nucleosome transformation and deacetylase (NuRD) complex that takes part in transcription regulation. Autoantibodies targeting the CHD4 are a serologic feature of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). In IIM Mi-2 antibodies are characterized by diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of approximately 4-18% and 98-100%, respectively. Moreover, anti-CHD4 antibodies are related to dermatomyositis (frequency up to 31%) and have a great positive predictive value for this type of disease subset. Anti-CHD4 are the only defined myositis-specific autoantibodies clearly focused to a nuclear target. An additional slightly outstanding feature of Mi-2 antibodies relates to their frequency in children, which is similar to that in adults.

Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein S23, also known as MRPS23 belongs to the mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins which are encoded by nuclear genes and assist in proteinsynthesis inside the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. In addition, they have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio isreversed. An additional difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the lattercontain a 5S rRNA. Between different species, the proteins containing the mitoribosome differ very much in sequence, and occasionally in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology.

SCGN is a secreted calcium-binding protein which is found in the cytoplasm. It is related to calbindin D-28K and calretinin. Secretagogin is involved in KCL-stimulated calcium flux and cell proliferation.
Secretagogin plays a role in human non-functional pituitary adenomas.

S100A3 is part of S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm/nucleus of a broad range of cells, and takes part in the regulation of several cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100A3 has the largest number of cysteines of all S100 proteins. S100A3 has high affinity for Zinc, and is widely expressed in human hair cuticle.

Resistin, also known as adipose tissue-specific secretory factor (ADSF) is a cysteine-rich peptide derived from adipose tissue. Resistin takes part in the inflammatory response, glucose metabolism, and angiogenesis.Resistin blocks insulinstimulated uptake of glucose by adipocytes and promote glucose release by hepatocytes. As such,Resistin considered to participate in diet‑induced insulin-sensitivity. Resistin causes high levels of lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL), increasing the risk of heart disease.

Sialic Acid Binding Ig Like Lectin 5, also known as SIGLEC5 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and SIGLEC family. SIGLEC5 contains of 2 Ig-like C2-type domains and 1 Ig-like V-type domain. In addition, SIGLEC5 is expressed by monocytic/myeloid lineage cells. SIGLEC5 is expressed at high levels in peripheral blood leukocytes, spleen, and at lower levels in lymph node, appendix, pancreas, lung, and thymus.

Fibrinogen silencer-binding protein (FSBP), interacts with X11alpha. The X11alpha/FSBP complex send signals to the nucleus in order to repress glycogen synthase kinase-3beta promoter activity. X11alpha is a neuronal adaptor protein that interacts with the amyloid precursor protein (APP) via a centrally located phosphotyrosine binding domain to inhibit the production of Abeta peptide that is deposited in Alzheimer's diseased brains.

Keratin 8 and 18 (K8/18) are the major components of intermediate filament (IF) proteins of simple or single-layered epithelia.

Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted or RANTES is an 8 kDa protein classified as a chemotactic cytokine or chemokine. It has recently been renamed CCL5. RANTES is chemotactic for T cells, eosinophils and basophils and plays an active role in recruiting leukocytes into inflammatory sites. With the help of particular cytokines (i.e. IL-2 and IFN-?) that are released by T cells, RANTES also induces the proliferation and activation of certain natural killer (NK) cells to form CHAK (CC-Chemokine-activated killer) cells. It is also a HIV-suppressive factor released from CD8+ T cells. This chemokine has been localized to chromosome 17 in humans.

Maltose Binding Protein is a member of the maltose/maltodextrin system of E.Coli, which is accountable for the uptake and efficient catabolism of maltodextrins. The maltose/maltodextrin is a complex regulatory and transport system involving many proteins and protein complexes. MBP elevates the yield of its fusion partner in many cases and is often able to promote the solubility of polypeptides to which it is fused.

RND3 is a small GTPase which is part of the Ras superfamily that controls the association of the actin cytoskeleton in reaction to extracellular growth factors. RND3 activity causes a decrease in stress fibers and an increase in cell migration, at least in part through regulation of the Rho-dependent kinase ROCK1. RND3 inhibits DNA-damage induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. RND3 binds GTP and is resistant to Rho-specific GTPase-activating proteins.

S100 calcium binding protein A5 (S100A5) belongs to the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 family members are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and are involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100A5 has a Ca2+ affinity 20-100 fold higher than the other S100 proteins investigated under identical conditions. Furthermore, S100A5 protein binds Zn2+ and Cu2+, and Cu2+ strongly which harms the binding of Ca2+. S100A5 is expressed in very limited regions of the adult brain.

Guanine nucleotide binding proteins are heterotrimeric signal-transducing molecules comprising alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. GNAI1 represents the alpha subunit of an inhibitory complex. Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha (GNAI1) functions to transmit information from cell surface receptors to intracellular effectors. GNAI1 binds guanine nucleotide, can hydrolyze GTP, and can interact with other proteins. GNAI1 is part of a complex that responds to beta-adrenergic signals by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. In addition, GNAI1 functions to open atrial potassium channels.

CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) is a type I membrane protein, which contains a non-ELR motif-containing CXC chemokine domain in its extracellular region. Human and Mouse CXCL16 share a 70% a.a. sequence similarity within their chemokine domains and 49% overall a.a. sequence identity. Functional CXCL16 can be dropped from the cell surface as an approximately 35kDa soluble protein. CXCR6 is the functional receptor for CXCL16. CXCL16 functions as a scavenger receptor on macrophages, which specifically binds to OxLDL (oxidized low density lipoprotein), proposing that CXCL16 may be involved in pathophysiology such as atherogenesis. In addition, CXCL16 induces a strong chemotactic response and calcium mobilization. CXCL16 binds to CXCR6/Bonzo.

Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) belongs to the sirtuin family of proteins, homologs to the yeast Sir2 protein. Sirtuin family members are characterized by a sirtuin core domain and grouped into 4 classes. The functions of human sirtuins have not yet been established; though, yeast sirtuin proteins are known to regulate epigenetic gene silencing and suppress recombination of rDNA. It has been proposed that the human sirtuins may serve as intracellular regulatory proteins with mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity.

Ras-related protein Rap-2b (RAP2B) is a part of RAS-related genes family. RAP2B has a threonine residue at aa 61Unlike normal ras proteins which have a nontransforming glutamine residue at that position. The threonine residue makes the intrinsic GTPase activity for Rap2B lower, by this means allows RAP2B to exist in the activated state for a longer period of time than normal ras proteins. RAP2B is a platelet protein which is activated by thrombin and involved in platelet activation. RAP2B may be a candidate oncogene which takes part in carcinogenesis through activation of NF-kappaB pathway.

Sclerostin (SOST) is a secreted glycoprotein with a C-terminal cysteine knot-like (CTCK) domain and sequence similarity to the DAN (differential screening-selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma) family of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists. Sclerostin functions as a negative regulator of bone growth, by inhibiting bone formation. SOST is widely expressed at low levels, with highest levels in the bone, cartilage, kidney, liver, bone marrow and primary osteoblasts differentiated for 21 days. SOST gene defects cause sclerosteosis and bone dysplasia.

Ribosomes, the organelles which catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are comprised of four RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. Ribosomal Protein L12 (RPL12) protein is a member of the L11P family of ribosomal proteins. RPL12 is a component of the 60S subunit, which is located in the cytoplasm. RPL12 binds directly to the 26S rRNA.