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Description:

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

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HOR-043

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Description

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 28 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 3325 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C147H238N44O42S .

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized with no additives.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by analysis by RP-HPLC.

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Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100 µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
H-His-Ser-Asp-Ala-Val-Phe-Thr-Asp-Asn-Tyr-Thr-Arg-Leu-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ile-Leu-Asn-NH2.
Background
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), a prominent member of the glucagon-secretin peptide superfamily, plays a multifaceted role as a neuropeptide and neurotransmitter. This research paper aims to provide an extensive analysis of VIP, exploring its biochemical properties, diverse physiological functions, and potential therapeutic applications in various disease conditions.
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), originally identified for its potent vasodilatory properties in the gastrointestinal system, has since been recognized for its wide-ranging physiological effects throughout the body. As a neuropeptide and neurotransmitter.
VIP, a 28-amino acid peptide, exhibits a diverse range of biological activities due to its interactions with multiple G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) from the VIP/PACAP receptor family (Harmar et al., 2012). These receptors are expressed in various tissues and cells, enabling VIP to exert its pleiotropic effects.
VIP is involved in the regulation of numerous physiological processes. It functions as a potent vasodilator, modulates smooth muscle activity in the gastrointestinal tract, and participates in neurotransmission in the central and peripheral nervous systems (Lelievre et al., 2008). Additionally, VIP has immunomodulatory properties, influencing immune cell functions and inflammatory responses (Delgado et al., 2004).
VIP serves as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, where it contributes to various neuronal functions, including learning, memory, and sensory perception (Deng et al., 2015). Moreover, VIP has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disorders, making it a potential therapeutic target for neuroprotection and neuroregeneration (Delgado et al., 2002).
VIP's diverse physiological functions offer potential therapeutic applications in various disease contexts. Research has explored its potential in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and gastrointestinal disorders (Delgado et al., 2013). Furthermore, VIP-based therapies are being investigated for their neuroprotective potential in brain injuries and stroke.
As the research on VIP continues to progress, further investigation is warranted to uncover the precise mechanisms of action and potential clinical applications in medicine. VIP stands as a remarkable example of a neuropeptide with extensive physiological roles and therapeutic potential in various disease conditions.
What is the molecular weight/Mw of VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE Protein?
VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE Protein has a total Mw of 3.32kDa.

What is the Purity of VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE Protein?
VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE Protein is >97% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE Protein?
The biological functionality of VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE Protein?
H-His-Ser-Asp-Ala-Val-Phe-Thr-Asp-Asn-Tyr-Thr-Arg-Leu-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ile-Leu-Asn-NH2.

What applications can VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE Protein be used in?
VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Mouse Recombinant, His Tag

Vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-A, Vascular permeability factor, VPF, VEGF, Vegf120, Vegf164, Vegf188, Vegfa.

Product # :

CYT-680

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Description

VEGF Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 141 amino acids (205-324 a.a.) and having a total molecular mass of 16.3kDa. Mouse VEGF is fused to 20 amino acid His Tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The Mouse VEGF contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH8.0) and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Measured in a cell proliferation assay using NIH-3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast. The ED50 for this effect is 0.5-1.5ng/ml.

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Introduction
Vascular endothelial growth factor is an important signaling protein involved in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. As its name implies, VEGF activity has been mostly studied on cells of the vascular endothelium, although it does have effects on a number of other cell types (e.g. stimulation monocyte/macrophage migration, neurons, cancer cells, kidney epithelial cells ).VEGF mediates increased vascular permeability, induces angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth, promotes cell migration, and inhibits apoptosis. In vitro, VEGF has been shown to stimulate endothelial cell mitogenesis and cell migration. VEGF is also a vasodilator and increases microvascular permeability and was originally referred to as vascular permeability factor.
Elevated levels of this protein is linked to POEMS syndrome, also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome. Mutations in this gene have been associated with proliferative and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Synonyms
Vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-A, Vascular permeability factor, VPF, VEGF, Vegf120, Vegf164, Vegf188, Vegfa.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MAPTTEGEQK SHEVIKFMDV YQRSYCRPIE TLVDIFQEYP DEIEYIFKPS CVPLMRCAGC CNDEALECVP TSESNITMQI MRIKPHQSQH IGEMSFLQHS RCECRPKKDR TKPEKCDKPR R.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Thyroid Hormone Responsive Human Recombinant

Lpgp, LPGP1, S14, SPOT14, THRP, Spot 14 protein.

Product # :

PRO-1485

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Description

THRSP Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 169 amino acids (1-146 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 18.9kDa.THRSP is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

THRSP protein solution (1mg/ml) contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer, (pH 8.0), 0.15M NaCl and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Thyroid Hormone Responsive (THRSP) is a member of the SPOT14 family. THRSP is similar to the gene product of S14, a rat gene whose expression is limited to liver and adipose tissue and is controlled by nutritional and hormonal factors. THRSP is expressed in liver and adipocytes, specifically in lipomatous modules. In addition It is expressed in lipogenic breast cancers, which suggests a role in controlling tumor lipid metabolism.
Synonyms
Lpgp, LPGP1, S14, SPOT14, THRP, Spot 14 protein.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered clear solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSMQVLTKR YPKNCLLTVM DRYAAEVHNM EQVVMIPSLL RDVQLSGPGG QAQAEAPDLY TYFTMLKAIC VDVDHGLLPR EEWQAKVAGS EENGTAETEE VEDESASGEL DLEAQFHLHF SSLHHILMHL TEKAQEVTRK YQEMTGQVW.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-121 Human Recombinant, His Tag

Vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-A, Vascular permeability factor, VPF, VEGF, MGC70609.

Product # :

CYT-619

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Description

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-121 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a double, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain (aa 207-327) containing a total of 142 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 16.3 kDa. The VEGF-121 is fused to a 20 amino acid His tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

VEGF-121 His Tag in 20mM Tris pH-8 and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED50 for this effect is <4.2 ng/ml. Measured in a cell proliferation assay using NIH-3T3 cell, corresponding to a specific activity of less than 238,095.23units/mg.

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Introduction
Vascular endothelial growth factor is an important signaling protein involved in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. As its name implies, VEGF activity has been mostly studied on cells of the vascular endothelium, although it does have effects on a number of other cell types (e.g. stimulation monocyte/macrophage migration, neurons, cancer cells, kidney epithelial cells ).VEGF mediates increased vascular permeability, induces angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth, promotes cell migration, and inhibits apoptosis. In vitro, VEGF has been shown to stimulate endothelial cell mitogenesis and cell migration. VEGF is also a vasodilator and increases microvascular permeability and was originally referred to as vascular permeability factor.
Elevated levels of this protein is linked to POEMS syndrome, also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome. Mutations in this gene have been associated with proliferative and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Synonyms
Vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-A, Vascular permeability factor, VPF, VEGF, MGC70609.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MAPMAEGGGQ NHHEVVKFMD VYQRSYCHPI ETLVDIFQEY PDEIEYIFKP SCVPLMRCGG CCNDEGLECV PTEESNITMQ IMRIKPHQGQ HIGEMSFLQH NKCECRPKKD RARQEKCDKP RR.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Elcatonin

Product # :

HOR-302

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Description

Elcatonin Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 31 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 3363.2 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C148H244N42O47.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized with no additives.

Purity

Greater than 93.3% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Biological Activity (based on net peptide) was found to be 6695.2 IU/mg.

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Introduction
Elcatonin is a Calcitonin derivative which is transformed from eel´s calcitonin by changing the S-S bond into the stable C-N bond. It inhibits the absorption and autolysis of bones, thus leads to blood calcium descending. In addition, it inhibits the bone salts dissolving and transferring and promotes the excretion of calcium and phosphorus in urine. Meanwhile, it inhibits renal tubules reabsorbing calcium, phosphorus and sodium and keeps blood calcium at normal level. It is mainly used for remitting or eliminating the pain caused by Osteoporosis.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Elcatonin although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Elcatonin should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Elcatonin in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100 µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
Ser-Asn-Leu-Ser-Thr-Asu-Val-Leu-Gly-Lys-Leu-Ser-Gln-Glu-Leu-His-Lys-Leu-Gln-Thr-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Thr-Asn-Val-Gly-Ala-Gly-Thr-Pro-NH2.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Connective Tissue Growth Factor Human Recombinant , HEK

CCN2, NOV2, HCS24, IGFBP8, MGC102839, CTGF.

Product # :

CYT-687

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Description

The CTGF Human Recombinant produced in HEK293 cells, is 36kDa protein containing a total of 329 amino acid residues (aa 27-349) including a C-terminal 6×His tag.

Source

HEK293 cells.

Formulation

CTGF filtered (0.2µm) solution in 0.1M Citrate buffer pH 4.7 and 20% (w/v) glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Connective Tissue Growth Factor belongs to the CCN family of proteins. The CCN family presently consists of six members in human also known as: Cyr61 (Cystein rich 61), CTGF (Connective Tissue Growth Factor), Nov (Nephroblastoma Overexpressed gene), WISP-1, 2 and 3 (Wnt-1 Induced Secreted Proteins). The CCN genes encode secreted proteins associated with the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and cell membrane.
CCN proteins are matricellular proteins which are involved in the regulation of various cellular functions including: proliferation, differentiation, survival, adhesion and migration. They are expressed in derivatives of the three embryonic sheets and are implicated in the development of kidney, nervous system, muscle, bone marrow, cartilage and bone. During adulthood, they are implicated in wound healing, bone fracture repair, and pathologies such as: fibrosis, vascular ailments and tumorigenesis.
Full length secreted CCN proteins can show an antiproliferative activity, whereas truncated isoforms are likely to stimulate proliferation and behave as oncogenes.
The full length protein consists of four modules: Module I shares partial identity with the N-terminal part of the Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs).
Module II includes a stretch of 70amino acid residues – which shares sequence identity with the Von Willebrand Factor Type C repeat (VWC).
Module III contains sequences sharing identity with the Thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSP1) (WSXCSXXCG), which is thought to be implicated in the binding of sulfated glycoconjugates and to be important for cell adhesion.
Module IV, also designated CT, is encoded by exon5. It is the leasts conserved one of the four domains at the level of nucleotide sequence, but it appears to be critical for several of the biological functions attributed to the CCN proteins. Module IV resembles the CT domain of several extracellular protein including, Von Willebrand's factor and mucins. Sequence similarities to heparin-binding motifs are also found within this domain.
Proteolysis of the secreted full-length CCN proteins that has been reported in the case of CCN2 and CCN3 might result in the production of CCN-derived peptides with high affinity for ligands that full-length CNN proteins bind only poorly. Amino-truncated CCN2 isoforms were biologically active whereas no specific biological activity has been attributed to the truncated CCN3. Although the molecular processes underlying the production of these secreted isoforms is presently unknown, it is important to note that proteolysis occur at the same amino acid residues in both CCN2 and CCN3. An elevated expression of CCN2 has also been detected by Northern blotting in human invasive mammary ductal carcinomas, dermatofibromas, pyogenic granuloma, endothelial cells of angiolipomas and angioleiomyomas, and in pancreatic tumors. A study performed with chondrosarcomas representative of various histological grades established that CCN2 expression was closely correlated with increasing levels of malignancy.
In agreement with CCN2 playing a role in brain tumor angiogenesis, immunocytochemistry studies indicated that both glioblastoma tumor cells and proliferating endothelial cells stained positive for CCN2. In astrocytomas, CCN2 expression was particularly elevated in high grade tumors, with a marked effect of CCN2 on cell proliferation. Downregulation of CCN2 expression in these cells was associated with a growth arrest at the G1/S transition while over-expression of CCN2 induced a two-fold increase of the number of cells in the G1 phase. Gene profiling analysis allowed to identify a set of about 50 genes whose expression might account for the proliferative activity of CCN2 in these cells.
CCN2 was seen in a higher proportion of mononuclear cells of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Synonyms
CCN2, NOV2, HCS24, IGFBP8, MGC102839, CTGF.
Physical Appearance
Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
QNCSGPCRCP DEPAPRCPAG VSLVLDGCGC CRVCAKQLGE LCTERDPCDP HKGLFCHFGS PANRKIGVCT AKDGAPCIFG GTVYRSGESF QSSCKYQCTC LDGAVGCMPL CSMDVRLPSP DCPFPRRVKL PGKCCEEWVC DEPKDQTVVG PALAAYRLED TFGPDPTMIR ANCLVQTTEW SACSKTCGMG ISTRVTNDNA SCRLEKQSRL CMVRPCEADL EENIKKGKKC IRTPKISKPI KFELSGCTSM KTYRAKFCGV CTDGRCCTPH RTTTLPVEFK CPDGEVMKKN MMFIKTCACH YNCPGDNDIF ESLYYRKMYG DMA HHHHHH.
Background
What is the molecular weight/Mw of CTGF Protein?
CTGF Protein has a total Mw of 36kDa.

What is the source or expression system of CTGF Protein?
HEK293 cells.

What is the Purity of CTGF Protein?
CTGF Protein is >90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of CTGF Protein?
The biological functionality of CTGF Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of CTGF Protein?
QNCSGPCRCP DEPAPRCPAG VSLVLDGCGC CRVCAKQLGE LCTERDPCDP HKGLFCHFGS PANRKIGVCT AKDGAPCIFG GTVYRSGESF QSSCKYQCTC LDGAVGCMPL CSMDVRLPSP DCPFPRRVKL PGKCCEEWVC DEPKDQTVVG PALAAYRLED TFGPDPTMIR ANCLVQTTEW SACSKTCGMG ISTRVTNDNA SCRLEKQSRL CMVRPCEADL EENIKKGKKC IRTPKISKPI KFELSGCTSM KTYRAKFCGV CTDGRCCTPH RTTTLPVEFK CPDGEVMKKN MMFIKTCACH YNCPGDNDIF ESLYYRKMYG DMA HHHHHH.

What applications can CTGF Protein be used in?
CTGF Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for CTGF Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, CTGF Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Activin-A Human Recombinant, Active

Inhba, Inhibin beta A, FSH releasing protein.

Product # :

CYT-145

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Description

Active form Activin-A Human Recombinant produced in e.coli is a homodimeric, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 2 x 117 amino acids and having a molecular weight of 26.2kDa.The Active form Activin-A is purified by standard chromatographic techniques.

Source

E.Coli.

Formulation

Human Activin-A was lyophilized from a concentrated 1mg/ml protein solution containing 0.1% TFA.

Purity

Greater than 95% as obsereved by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Biological activity is assessed by the ability to induce cytotoxicity of MPC-11 cells and was found to be 8.95ng/ml corresponding to a specific activity of 1.1 x 10⁵ units/mg.

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Introduction
Activins are homodimers or heterodimers of the different β subunit isoforms, part of the TGFβ family. Mature Activin A has two 116 amino acids residues βA subunits (βA-βA). Activin displays an extensive variety of biological activities, including mesoderm induction, neural cell differentiation, bone remodelling, haematopoiesis, and reproductive physiology. Activins takes part in the production and regulation of hormones such as FSH, LH, GnRH and ACTH. Cells that are identified to express Activin A include fibroblasts, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, keratinocytes, osteoclasts, bone marrow monocytes, prostatic epithelium, neurons, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and ovarian granulosa cells.
Synonyms
Inhba, Inhibin beta A, FSH releasing protein.
Physical Appearance
Lyophilized freeze dried powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Activin-A although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Activin-A should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
Human INHBA protein should be reconstituted in distilled pyrogen free water to a concentration of 100ug /ml which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGLECDGKVN ICCKKQFFVS FKDIGWNDWI IAPSGYHANY CEGECPSHIA GTSGSSLSFH STVINHYRMR GHSPFANLKS CCVPTKLRPM SMLYYDDGQN IIKKDIQNMI VEECGCS.
Background
Title: Research on Activin A Human Recombinant: Molecular Characteristics, Signaling Pathways, Physiological Functions, and Therapeutic Potential
Introduction:
Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a significant role in various biological processes in the human body. Its involvement in diverse physiological and pathological functions has garnered considerable attention in scientific research. This paper aims to provide an overview of Activin A, encompassing its molecular characteristics, signaling pathways, physiological functions, and therapeutic potential.
Activin A is encoded by the INHBA gene and is produced as a precursor protein that undergoes post-translational modifications to generate the mature form. The mature Activin A protein consists of two β-subunits held together by disulfide bonds. These structural features contribute to its functional properties and interactions with specific receptors.
Upon binding to its cell surface receptors, Activin A triggers intracellular signaling cascades, leading to various cellular responses. Canonical SMAD-dependent pathway as well as non-SMAD pathways, such as MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, and JNK signaling, are activated by Activin A. The intricate network of signaling pathways enables Activin A to regulate diverse biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tissue homeostasis.
Activin A exerts its physiological functions in a tissue-specific manner. It plays a critical role in embryonic development, particularly in organogenesis and patterning. Additionally, Activin A is involved in reproductive biology, where it participates in folliculogenesis, spermatogenesis, and hormonal regulation. It also contributes to neural development, immune system modulation, and skeletal homeostasis.
The multifunctional properties of Activin A have positioned it as a potential therapeutic target for various diseases. Its involvement in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, fibrosis, and reproductive disorders has prompted extensive research to explore its therapeutic potential. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Activin A's actions provides valuable insights for developing innovative therapeutic strategies.
In conclusion, Activin A is a versatile cytokine with diverse roles in human biology. This research aims to deepen our understanding of its molecular characteristics, signaling pathways, physiological functions, and therapeutic potential. By elucidating the complexities of Activin A, we strive to pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions in various human diseases.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 2 Human Recombinant, HEK

Transforming growth factor, beta 2, cetermin, Glioblastoma-derived T-cell suppressor factor, polyergin, G-TSF, TGF-beta2, TGF-beta-2, transforming growth factor beta-2, BSC-1 cell growth inhibitor, TGFB-2.

Product # :

CYT-112

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Description

TGF-b 2 Human Recombinant produced in HEK cells is a non-glycosylated homodimer, having a total molecular weight of 25kDa.The TGF-b 2 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

HEK.

Formulation

TGF-b 2 was lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered solution containing 50mM sodium acetate pH 4.5.

Purity

Greater than 95% as obsereved by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The specific activity was determined by the dose-dependent inhibition of IL-4 induced proliferation of mouse HT-2 cells (BALB/c spleen activated by sheep erythrocytes in the presence of IL-2), the ED₅₀ is 0.16ng/ml.

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Introduction
TGFB2 is a 27.08 kDa protein having two identical 118 amino acid peptide chains linked by a single disulfide bond. TGFB2 is part of a family of five related cytokines that have an extensive variation of normal and neoplastic cells, indicating the importance of these homo-dimmer proteins as multi-functional regulators of cellular activity. The three mammalian isoforms of TGF-beta (TGFb1, TGFb2 and TGFb3) signal through the same receptor and stimulate similar biological responses. They are involved in physiological processes as embryogenesis, tissue remodelling and wound healing.
Synonyms
Transforming growth factor, beta 2, cetermin, Glioblastoma-derived T-cell suppressor factor, polyergin, G-TSF, TGF-beta2, TGF-beta-2, transforming growth factor beta-2, BSC-1 cell growth inhibitor, TGFB-2.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized TGF-b 2 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution TGF-b 2 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized TGF-b 2 in sterile solution containing 20% ethanol, 50mM sodium acetate and 75mM acetic acid.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 Human

Transforming growth factor beta-1, TGF-beta-1, CED, DPD1, TGFB, TGF-b 1.

Product # :

CYT-561

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Description

Human Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 purified from Human Platelets having a molecular mass of 25kDa.The TGF-b 1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Human Platelets.

Formulation

TGF-Beta1 protein was lyophilized from a solution containing 30% acetonitrile and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid.

Purity

Greater than 98.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Stimulates the growth of NRK-1 cells in soft agar at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5ng/ml corresponding to a specific activity of 200,000-10,000,000IU/mg. Effective concentration ranges must be experimentally determined. Purified EGF and/or TGF- must be present for observation of the biological activity.

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Introduction
Transforming growth factor betas (TGF Betas) mediate many cell-cell interactions that occur during embryonic development. Three TGFBetas have been identified in mammals. TGFBeta1, TGFBeta2 and TGFBeta3 are each synthesized as precursor proteins that are very similar in that each is cleaved to yield a 112 amino acid polypeptide that remains associated with the latent portion of the molecule.
Synonyms
Transforming growth factor beta-1, TGF-beta-1, CED, DPD1, TGFB, TGF-b 1.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered lyophilized powder.
Stability
Lyophilized TGF-beta 1 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution TGF-beta 1 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.DO NOT RECONSTITE WITH NEUTRAL BUFFERS.DO NOT USE GLASS IMPLEMENTS OR EXTENSIVE MANIPULATIONS.PREVENT FREEZE THAW CYCLES.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute lyophilized TGF-beta 1 in 0.5% BSA in 0.1N acetic acid, which can then be further diluted to the desired aliquot with 30% acetonitrile and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid.
Background
Title: Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 Human: An Insight into its Role in Cellular Regulation
Abstract:

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a critical role in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune regulation. This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the structure, synthesis, signaling pathways, and biological functions of TGF-β1 in human cells. Additionally, this article highlights the relevance of TGF-β1 in various physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer, fibrosis, and immune disorders. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies targeting TGF-β1 signaling are also discussed. The information presented in this paper consolidates the current understanding of TGF-β1 and its significance in cellular regulation.
Introduction:

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) belongs to a superfamily of growth factors that regulate various cellular processes. It is synthesized as a precursor protein and undergoes proteolytic cleavage to generate the biologically active form. TGF-β1 exerts its effects by binding to specific cell surface receptors, leading to the activation of downstream signaling cascades. These signaling pathways involve Smad-dependent and Smad-independent mechanisms, which ultimately regulate gene expression and cellular responses.
Biological Functions:

TGF-β1 regulates cell proliferation by exerting both stimulatory and inhibitory effects, depending on the cellular context. It plays a crucial role in tissue development, wound healing, and tissue repair by promoting extracellular matrix synthesis and modulating the immune response. TGF-β1 also has immunomodulatory functions, influencing the differentiation and function of immune cells. However, dysregulation of TGF-β1 signaling is associated with various pathologies, including cancer progression, fibrosis, and autoimmune disorders.
Role in Cancer:

TGF-β1 acts as a tumor suppressor in early stages of cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. However, in advanced stages, it promotes tumor progression by enhancing tumor cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. The dual role of TGF-β1 in cancer highlights its complex involvement in tumorigenesis.
Therapeutic Implications:

Given the significant role of TGF-β1 in various diseases, targeting its signaling pathways has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy. Several approaches, including small molecule inhibitors, antibodies, and gene therapies, are being explored to modulate TGF-β1 activity in a controlled manner. These interventions hold promise in the treatment of cancer, fibrosis, and other TGF-β1-related disorders.
Conclusion:

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 is a versatile cytokine with diverse functions in cellular regulation. Its role in physiological processes and disease pathogenesis underscores its importance as a therapeutic target. Further investigations into the precise mechanisms and downstream effects of TGF-β1 signaling will contribute to the development of novel therapies for various human disorders.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

CJC-1295 DAC

Product # :

HOR-065

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Description

CJC-1295 DAC is a synthetic single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 30 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 3647.18 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C165H269N47O46.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized with no additives.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by analysis by RP-HPLC.

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Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized CJC-1295 DAC although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution CJC-1295 DAC should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.
For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).
Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized CJC-1295 DAC in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100 µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
H-Tyr-D-Ala-Asp-Ala-Ile-PheThr-Gln-Ser-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Val-Leu-Ala-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-LeuLeu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Leu-Ser-Arg-Lys(Mal)-NH2.
Background
CJC-1295 DAC owns a Drug Affinity Complex (DAC), which allows it to bind to serum albumin, extending its half-life to 6–8 days. CJC-1295 DAC normalizes growth and metabolism while maintaining natural hormone pulsatility.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Erythropoietin-alpha Human Recombinant, Sf9

Erythropoietin, Epoetin, MVCD2, EP, Erythropoietin-Alpha, EPO-a, EPO-alpha.

Product # :

CYT-934

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Description

Erythropoietin-alpha Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Insect cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 174 amino acids (28-193a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 19.5kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 28-40kDa).EPO-a is expressed with an 8 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Sf9, Insect cells.

Formulation

EPO a protein solution (0.5mg/ml) contains phosphate buffered saline (pH7.4) and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF-1 human erythroleukemic cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is ≤ 0.5 ng/ml.

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Introduction
This gene is a member of the EPO/TPO family and encodes a secreted, glycosylated cytokine composed of four alpha helical bundles. The protein is found in the plasma and regulates red cell production by promoting erythroid differentiation and initiating hemoglobin synthesis. This protein also has neuroprotective activity against a variety of potential brain injuries and antiapoptotic functions in several tissue types.
Synonyms
Erythropoietin, Epoetin, MVCD2, EP, Erythropoietin-Alpha, EPO-a, EPO-alpha.
Physical Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks.Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
APPRLICDSR VLERYLLEAK EAENITTGCA EHCSLNENIT VPDTKVNFYA WKRMEVGQQA VEVWQGLALL SEAVLRGQAL LVNSSQPWEP LQLHVDKAVS GLRSLTTLLR ALRAQKEAIS PPDAASAAPL RTITADTFRK LFRVYSNFLR GKLKLYTGEA CRTGDRLEHH HHHH.
Background
What is the molecular weight/Mw of EPOETIN Protein?
EPOETIN Protein has a total Mw of 19.5kDa.

What is the source or expression system of EPOETIN Protein?
Sf9, Insect cells.

What is the Purity of EPOETIN Protein?
EPOETIN Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of EPOETIN Protein?
Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF-1 human erythroleukemic cells. The ED50 for this effect is ≤ 0.5 ng/ml.

What is the amino acid sequence of EPOETIN Protein?
APPRLICDSR VLERYLLEAK EAENITTGCA EHCSLNENIT VPDTKVNFYA WKRMEVGQQA VEVWQGLALL SEAVLRGQAL LVNSSQPWEP LQLHVDKAVS GLRSLTTLLR ALRAQKEAIS PPDAASAAPL RTITADTFRK LFRVYSNFLR GKLKLYTGEA CRTGDRLEHH HHHH.

What applications can EPOETIN Protein be used in?
EPOETIN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for EPOETIN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, EPOETIN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein N15 Labeled Human Recombinant

Parathyroid Hormone 2, PTH2, TIPF39, Tuberoinfundibular 39 Residue Protein.

Product # :

HOR-005

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Description

PTHrP N15 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 86 amino acids, having an MW of 10033 Da labeled by the stable isotope N15.The PTHrP is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

PthRp N15 protein was lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered concentrated solution in 1xPBS,
pH 7.4.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
PTHrP is a powerful and discriminating agonist of PTH2R which takes part in adenyl cyclase activation and intracellular calcium levels elevation. PTHrP encourages protein kinase C beta activation, recruitment of beta-arrestin and PTH2R internalization. Additionally, PTHrP inhibits cell proliferation through its contribution to PTH2R activation, activates nociceptors and nociceptive circuits and acts as a neuropeptide in spermatogenesis.
Synonyms
Parathyroid Hormone 2, PTH2, TIPF39, Tuberoinfundibular 39 Residue Protein.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized PTHrP N15 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18C. Upon reconstitution PTHrP N15 should be stored at 4C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute in 10mM HAc to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. Further dilutions should be made in appropriate buffered solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
AVSEHQLLHD KGKSIQDLRR RFFLHHLIAE IHTAEIRATS EVSPNSKPSP NTKNHPVRFG SDDEGRYLTQ ETNKVETYKE QPLKTP.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Platelet Derived Growth Factor-CC Human Recombinant

Platelet Derived Growth Factor C, Spinal Cord-Derived Growth Factor, FALLOTEIN, PDGF-C, VEGF-E, SCDGF, Secretory Growth Factor-Like Protein, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor C, PDGFC.

Product # :

CYT-872

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Description

PDGF-CC Human Recombinant (235-345) produced in E.Coli is a disulfide-linked homodimer containing 2x118 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 26.8kDa.The PDGF-CC is fused to a 7 amino acid His tag [M-HHHHHH] at N-terminal and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED₅₀, as measured in a proliferation assay using mouse NR6R-3T3 cells, is less than 350ng/ml.

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Introduction
Platelet Derived Growth Factor-CC (PDGF-CC) belongs to the PGDF family of growth factors. PDGF-CC binds with high-affinity to PDGF R-a and activates PDGF R-ab heterodimers. During development, PDGF-CC is involved in ductal morphogenesis, cardiovascular smooth muscle cell proliferation; also PDGF-CC is an angiogenic factor. Furthermore, PDGF-CC is expressed in numerous tumors and tumor cell lines, and may be linked with tumorigenesis.
Synonyms
Platelet Derived Growth Factor C, Spinal Cord-Derived Growth Factor, FALLOTEIN, PDGF-C, VEGF-E, SCDGF, Secretory Growth Factor-Like Protein, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor C, PDGFC.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized PDGF-CC although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution PDGF-CC should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized PDGF-CC in sterile 18M-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
MHHHHHHVVD LNLLTEEVRL YSCTPRNFSV SIREELKRTD TIFWPGCLLV KRCGGNCACC LHNCNECQCV PSKVTKKYHE VLQLRPKTGV RGLHKSLTDV ALEHHEECDC VCRGSTGG.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Platelet Derived Growth Factor-D Human Recombinant

Platelet Derived Growth Factor D, Spinal Cord-Derived Growth Factor B, Iris-Expressed Growth Factor, SCDGF-B, IEGF, PDGF-D, MSTP036.

Product # :

CYT-155

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Description

PDGFD Human Recombinant produced in E. coli is a single polypeptide chain containing 146 amino acids (250-370) and having a molecular mass of 16.6 kDa.PDGFD is fused to a 25 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

E.coli.

Formulation

The PDGFD solution (1mg/1ml) contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 0.4M Urea and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGFD) belongs to the platelet-derived growth factor family. PDGFD gene product only forms homodimers and, thus, does not dimerize with the other 3 family members. PDGFD has an imperative role in wound healing. PDGFD induces macrophage recruitment, increased interstitial pressure, and blood vessel maturation during angiogenesis. PDGFD initiates events which lead to a mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, including influx of monocytes and macrophages and production of extracellular matrix. The 4 members of the PDGF family are mitogenic factors for cells of mesenchymal origin and are distinguished by a core motif of eight cysteines, 7 of which are found in this factor. PDGFD differs from alpha and beta members of this family by having an odd N-terminal domain, the CUB domain.
Synonyms
Platelet Derived Growth Factor D, Spinal Cord-Derived Growth Factor B, Iris-Expressed Growth Factor, SCDGF-B, IEGF, PDGF-D, MSTP036.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSHMSYHDR KSKVDLDRLN DDAKRYSCTP RNYSVNIREE LKLANVVFFP RCLLVQRCGG NCGCGTVNWR SCTCNSGKTV KKYHEVLQFE PGHIKRRGRA KTMALVDIQL DHHERCDCIC SSRPPR.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Bone Morphogenetic protein-8b Human Recombinant

Bone morphogenetic protein 8B, BMP-8, BMP-8B, Osteogenic protein 2, OP-2, BMP8B, BMP8, Bone Morphogenetic protein-8b, OP2.

Product # :

CYT-830

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Description

BMP8B Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 162 amino acids (264-402a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 18.1kDa.BMP8B is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

E.coli.

Formulation

BMP8B protein solution (1mg/ml) containing 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH8.0), 0.4M Urea and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

sds-page

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Introduction
Bone Morphogenetic protein-8b (BMP8B) belongs to a family of secreted signaling molecules which can induce ectopic bone growth. BMP8B is known for having a possible bone inductive activity as it is related to BMP5 and BMP7. BMP8B is the osteoinductive factor accountable for epithelial osteogenesis.
Synonyms
Bone morphogenetic protein 8B, BMP-8, BMP-8B, Osteogenic protein 2, OP-2, BMP8B, BMP8, Bone Morphogenetic protein-8b, OP2.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSAVRPLRR RQPKKSNELP QANRLPGIFD DVHGSHGRQV CRRHELYVSF QDLGWLDWVI APQGYSAYYC EGECSFPLDS CMNATNHAIL QSLVHLMMPD AVPKACCAPT KLSATSVLYY DSSNNVILRK HRNMVVKACG CH.
Background
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-8B Human Recombinant: Unveiling the Potential for Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering
Abstract:
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-8B (BMP-8B) human recombinant is a key member of the bone morphogenetic protein family, renowned for its crucial role in tissue development, regeneration, and repair. This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of BMP-8B, including its characteristics, signaling pathways, and potential therapeutic applications. Furthermore, innovative methodologies for the production and optimization of BMP-8B human recombinant are proposed, shedding light on its future implications in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Introduction:
Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering offer promising solutions to address the challenges of tissue repair and regeneration. BMP-8B, a prominent member of the BMP family, plays a vital role in orchestrating cellular responses during tissue development and healing. This paper delves into the distinctive features of BMP-8B and presents novel approaches for the production and optimization of BMP-8B human recombinant, aiming to unleash its therapeutic potential in various regenerative contexts.
Characteristics and Signaling Pathways:
BMP-8B is a secreted growth factor belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily. It exerts its biological effects by binding to specific cell surface receptors, thereby initiating intricate intracellular signaling cascades. BMP-8B signaling pathways, including Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways, regulate crucial processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and extracellular matrix synthesis, influencing tissue development and repair.
Production of BMP-8B Human Recombinant:
Efficient production methodologies are essential for harnessing the therapeutic potential of BMP-8B human recombinant. Various recombinant protein expression systems, such as mammalian cells or baculovirus-insect cell systems, have been utilized for the production of functional BMP-8B. Optimization strategies, including codon optimization, signal peptide engineering, and protein folding enhancement, have been employed to improve the yield and bioactivity of BMP-8B recombinant protein.
Potential Therapeutic Applications:
BMP-8B human recombinant holds immense promise in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Its involvement in bone and cartilage formation, muscle regeneration, and wound healing makes it a potential candidate for the treatment of skeletal disorders, muscle injuries, and chronic wounds. Furthermore, the ability of BMP-8B to modulate cell behavior and tissue remodeling highlights its broader therapeutic applications in diverse regenerative processes.
Conclusion:
BMP-8B human recombinant emerges as a crucial regulator in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, offering significant potential for tissue repair and regeneration. Optimizing production methodologies and further unraveling its signaling mechanisms will enhance its therapeutic applications. Given its involvement in bone, cartilage, and muscle formation, as well as wound healing, BMP-8B human recombinant represents a valuable tool for promoting tissue regeneration and addressing the unmet clinical needs in regenerative medicine.
What is the molecular weight/Mw of BMP8B Protein?
BMP8B Protein has a total Mw of 18.1kDa.

What is the source or expression system of BMP8B Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of BMP8B Protein?
BMP8B Protein is >90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of BMP8B Protein?
The biological functionality of BMP8B Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of BMP8B Protein?
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSAVRPLRR RQPKKSNELP QANRLPGIFD DVHGSHGRQV CRRHELYVSF QDLGWLDWVI APQGYSAYYC EGECSFPLDS CMNATNHAIL QSLVHLMMPD AVPKACCAPT KLSATSVLYY DSSNNVILRK HRNMVVKACG CH.

What applications can BMP8B Protein be used in?
BMP8B Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for BMP8B Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, BMP8B Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Prolactin Soluble Receptor Human Recombinant

PRL-R, hPRLrI.

Product # :

CYT-595

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Description

Extra Cellular Domain Prolactin Receptor Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containsing 210 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 23.97 kDa. The Prolactin Receptor is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques according to Bignon et al. (1994) JBC 269; 3318-24 and tested according to Gertler et al. (1996) JBC 271; 24482-91.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The Prolactin Receptor was lyophilized from a concentrated (0.4mg/ml) solution with 0.0045mM NaHCO3.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by SEC-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.
(c) Gel filtration at pH 8 under non denaturative conditions.

Biological Activity

Activity is determined by the dose-dependant inhibition of Prolactin stimuled proliferation of Nb2 cells and by high affinity binding of ovine Prolactin and other lactogenic hormones in 1:1 molar ratio.

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Introduction
Prolactin is a pituitary hormone that plays a role in the stimulation of milk production, salt and water regulation, growth, development and reproduction. The primary step in its action is the binding to a specific membrane receptor (prolactin receptor) which belongs to the superfamily of class 1 cytokine receptors. Prolactin is a hormone involved in a range of significant functions including ion transport and osmoregulation, stimulation of milk, protein synthesis as well as the regulation of numerous reproductive functions. Prolactin exerts its influence on different cell types through a signal transduction pathway which begins with the binding of the hormone to a transmembrane Prolactin receptor. PRLR varies in size (short and long forms) with tissue source and species, from ~40 kDa to 100 kDa. The PRL-R consists of at least 3 separate domains: an extracellular region with 5 cysteines which contains the prolactin binding site, a single transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic region, the length of which appears to influence ligand binding and regulate cellular function.
Synonyms
PRL-R, hPRLrI.
Physical Appearance
Sterile filtered white lyophilized powder.
Stability
Lyophilized PRL-R although stable at room temperature for 1-2 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C or preferably even at -80°C to prevent dimer formation. Upon reconstitution PRL-R should be stored sterile at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage at 4°C it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles as they cause oligomerization of the protein.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized PRLR in sterile 18M-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml and not more than 1 mg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
AGKPEIFKCRSPNKETFTCWWRPGTDGGLPTNYSLTYHREGETLMHECPDYITGGPNSCH
FGKQYTSMWRTYIMMVNATNQMGSSFSDELYVDVTYIVQPDPPLELAVEVKQPEDRKPYL
WIKWSPPTLIDLKTGWFTLLYEIRLKPEKAAEWEIHFAGQQTEFKILSLHPGQKYLVQVR
CKPDHGYWSAWSPATFIQIPSDFTMNDTTVW.
Protein content
UV spectroscopy at 280 nm using the absorbency value of 2.63 as the extinction coefficient for a 0.1% (1mg/ml) solution. This value is calculated by the PC GENE computer analysis program of protein sequences (IntelliGenetics).

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Bovine Recombinant

Fibroblast growth factor 21, FGF-21, FGF21.

Product # :

CYT-657

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Shipped at Room temp

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Description

Fibroblast Growth Factor -21 Bovine Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 182 amino acids, having a molecular weight of 19.5 kDa.The FGF-21 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized from a concentrated (0.8 mg/ml) solution with 0.4 mg/ml of NaHCO3, pH 8.

Purity

Greater than 98.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by Gel Filtration.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

More Info

Introduction
The FGFs are a family of more than 20 small (~17–26 kDa) secreted peptides. The initial characterization of these proteins focused on their ability to stimulate fibroblast proliferation. This mitogenic activity was mediated through FGF receptors (FGFRs) 1, 2, or 3. A fourth closely related tyrosine kinase receptor (FGFR4) was able to bind the FGFs but did not lead to a mitogenic response.
FGFs modulate cellular activity via at least 5 distinct subfamilies of high-affinity FGF receptors (FGFRs): FGFR-1, -2, -3, and -4, all with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and, except for FGFR-4, multiple splice isoforms, and FGFR-5, which lacks an intracellular kinase domain. There is growing evidence that FGFRs can be important for regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis. The overexpression of a dominant negative form of FGFR-1 in ? cells leads to diabetes in mice, which thus implies that proper FGF signaling is required for normal ? cell function and glycemia maintenance. FGFR-2 appears to be a key molecule during pancreatic development. Moreover, FGFR-4 has been implicated in cholesterol metabolism and bile acid synthesis.
FGF-19, has been shown to cause resistance to diet-induced obesity and desensitization and to improve, glucose, and lipid profiles in diabetic rodents. Since these effects, at least in part, are mediated through the observed changes in metabolic rates, FGF-19 can be considered as a regulator of energy expenditure.
FGF-21 is preferentially expressed in liver, but an exact knowledge of FGF-21 bioactivity and its mode of action have been lacking to date. FGF-21 is a potent activator of glucose uptake on adipocytes, protects animals from diet-induced obesity when overexpressed in transgenic mice, and lowers blood glucose and triglyceride levels when therapeutically administered to diabetic rodents.
Synonyms
Fibroblast growth factor 21, FGF-21, FGF21.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered white lyophilized powder.
Stability
Lyophilized FGF-21 Bovine Recombinant although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Bovine FGF-21 in sterile water or 0.4% NaHCO3, not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions, preferably in presence of carrier protein.
Amino Acid Sequence
The sequence of the first five N-terminal amino acids was determined and was found to be Ala-His-Pro-Ile-Pro.
Background
What is the molecular weight/Mw of FGF 21 BOVINE Protein?
FGF 21 BOVINE Protein has a total Mw of 19.5kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FGF 21 BOVINE Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of FGF 21 BOVINE Protein?
FGF 21 BOVINE Protein is >98% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of FGF 21 BOVINE Protein?
The biological functionality of FGF 21 BOVINE Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of FGF 21 BOVINE Protein?
The sequence of the first five N-terminal amino acids was determined and was found to be Ala-His-Pro-Ile-Pro.

What applications can FGF 21 BOVINE Protein be used in?
FGF 21 BOVINE Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FGF 21 BOVINE Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FGF 21 BOVINE Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.
Protein content
Bovine FGF-21 quantitation was carried out by two independent methods1. UV spectroscopy at 280 nm using the absorbency value of 0.47 as the extinction coefficient for a 0.1% (1mg/ml) solution. This value is calculated by the PC GENE computer analysis program of protein sequences (IntelliGenetics). 2. Analysis by RP-HPLC, using a standard solution of FGF-21 Recombinant as a Reference Standard.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Semaglutide

Product # :

HOR-048

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HPLC, MS

Description

Semaglutide Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 31 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 4113 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C187H291N45O59.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized with no additives.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by analysis by RP-HPLC.

HPLC, MS

More Info

Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Semaglutide although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Semaglutide should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Semaglutide in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100 µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
H-His-Aib-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Val-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Gly-Gln-Ala-Ala-Lys(AEEAc-AEEAc-γ-Glu-17-carboxyheptadecanoyl)-Glu-Phe-Ile-Ala-Trp-Leu-Val-Arg-Gly-Arg-Gly-OH.
Background
Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), has emerged as a breakthrough in the field of diabetes management and metabolic disorders. It is recognized for its potent glucose-lowering effects, weight management properties, and cardiovascular benefits. Beyond diabetes, semaglutide is under investigation for its potential applications in obesity treatment and other related conditions. This research aims to comprehensively explore semaglutide, shedding light on its multifaceted mechanisms of action and its broader therapeutic implications.
The primary objective of this research is to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the glucose-lowering and metabolic effects of semaglutide. In vitro and in vivo experiments will be conducted to investigate how semaglutide interacts with GLP-1 receptors, influences insulin secretion, and modulates glucose homeostasis. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for harnessing the full therapeutic potential of semaglutide.
The second objective is to assess the clinical relevance of semaglutide in diabetes management. Clinical trials involving individuals with type 2 diabetes will be conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes of semaglutide treatment. These investigations may provide valuable insights into its use as a monotherapy or adjunct therapy in diabetes care.
The third objective is to explore the potential applications of semaglutide beyond diabetes. Research will investigate its role in obesity treatment, cardiovascular risk reduction, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) management. Understanding the multifaceted properties of semaglutide may open new avenues for therapeutic interventions in various metabolic and cardiovascular conditions.
By delving into the diverse functions of semaglutide, this research aims to expand our understanding of its therapeutic potential and clinical applications. The findings may contribute to improved treatment strategies for individuals affected by diabetes, obesity, and related metabolic disorders.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Mouse Recombinant, His Tag

Fibroblast growth factor 21, FGF-21.

Product # :

CYT-516

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Quantity :

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Description

Fibroblast Growth Factor -21 Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 192 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 21.2 kDa. The amino acid sequence of the recombinant human FGF21 is 100% homologous to the amino acid sequence of the Mouse FGF21 without signal sequence and contains 10 a.a. His tag at N-terminal.The FGF-21 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Filtered (0.4 µm) and lyophilized from 0.5 mg/ml in 20mM TRIS, 20mM NaCl, pH 7.5.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
The FGFs are a family of more than 20 small (~17–26 kDa) secreted peptides. The initial characterization of these proteins focused on their ability to stimulate fibroblast proliferation. This mitogenic activity was mediated through FGF receptors (FGFRs) 1, 2, or 3. A fourth closely related tyrosine kinase receptor (FGFR4) was able to bind the FGFs but did not lead to a mitogenic response.
FGFs modulate cellular activity via at least 5 distinct subfamilies of high-affinity FGF receptors (FGFRs): FGFR-1, -2, -3, and -4, all with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and, except for FGFR-4, multiple splice isoforms, and FGFR-5, which lacks an intracellular kinase domain. There is growing evidence that FGFRs can be important for regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis. The overexpression of a dominant negative form of FGFR-1 in ? cells leads to diabetes in mice, which thus implies that proper FGF signaling is required for normal ? cell function and glycemia maintenance. FGFR-2 appears to be a key molecule during pancreatic development. Moreover, FGFR-4 has been implicated in cholesterol metabolism and bile acid synthesis.
FGF-19, has been shown to cause resistance to diet-induced obesity and insulin desensitization and to improve insulin, glucose, and lipid profiles in diabetic rodents. Since these effects, at least in part, are mediated through the observed changes in metabolic rates, FGF-19 can be considered as a regulator of energy expenditure.
FGF-21 is preferentially expressed in liver, but an exact knowledge of FGF-21 bioactivity and its mode of action have been lacking to date. FGF-21 is a potent activator of glucose uptake on adipocytes, protects animals from diet-induced obesity when overexpressed in transgenic mice, and lowers blood glucose and triglyceride levels when therapeutically administered to diabetic rodents.
Synonyms
Fibroblast growth factor 21, FGF-21.
Physical Appearance
Filtered white lyophilized powder.
Stability
Lyophilized FGF-21 Mouse Recombinant although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to add deionized water to prepare a working stock solution of approximately 0.5 mg/ml and let the lyophilized pellet dissolve completely. Product is not sterile! Please filter the product by an appropriate sterile filter before using it in the cell culture. Add DTT (0.2mM) and NaCl (0.1-0.15M) before freezing to prevent potential aggregation.
Amino Acid Sequence
MKHHHHHHAS AYPIPDSSPL LQFGGQVRQR YLYTDDDQDT EAHLEIREDG TVVGAAHRSP ESLLELKALKPGVIQILGVK ASRFLCQQPD GALYGSPHFD PEACSFRELL LEDGYNVYQS EAHGLPLRLP QKDSPNQDATSWGPVRFLPM PGLLHEPQDQ AGFLPPEPPD VGSSDPLSMV EPLQGRSPSY AS.
Background
What is the molecular weight/Mw of FGF21 MOUSE,HIS Protein?
FGF21 MOUSE,HIS Protein has a total Mw of 21.2kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FGF21 MOUSE,HIS Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of FGF21 MOUSE,HIS Protein?
FGF21 MOUSE,HIS Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of FGF21 MOUSE,HIS Protein?
The biological functionality of FGF21 MOUSE,HIS Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of FGF21 MOUSE,HIS Protein?
MKHHHHHHAS AYPIPDSSPL LQFGGQVRQR YLYTDDDQDT EAHLEIREDG TVVGAAHRSP ESLLELKALKPGVIQILGVK ASRFLCQQPD GALYGSPHFD PEACSFRELL LEDGYNVYQS EAHGLPLRLP QKDSPNQDATSWGPVRFLPM PGLLHEPQDQ AGFLPPEPPD VGSSDPLSMV EPLQGRSPSY AS.

What applications can FGF21 MOUSE,HIS Protein be used in?
FGF21 MOUSE,HIS Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FGF21 MOUSE,HIS Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FGF21 MOUSE,HIS Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

IGF-1 Bovine Recombinant

Somatomedin C, IGF-I, IGFI, IGF1, IGF-IA MGF.

Product # :

CYT-1261

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Description

IGF1 Bovine Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 70 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 7.6kDa. IGF- I is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The IGF1 Bovine was lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered concentrated solution in PBS, pH 7.0.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The biological activity was determined by the cell proliferation assay using serum free human MCF-7 cells in <2ng/ml, corresponding to a Specific Activity of >5.0 x 10⁵IU/mg.

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Introduction
The somatomedins, IGFs, comprise a family of peptides that play important roles in mammalian growth and development. IGF1 mediates many of the growth-promoting effects of GH. Early studies showed that GH did not directly stimulate the incorporation of sulfate into cartilage, but rather acted through a serum factor, termed 'sulfation factor,' which later became known as 'somatomedin. Three main somatomedins have been characterized: somatomedin C (IGF1), somatomedin A (IGF2; MIM 147470), and somatomedin B.
Synonyms
Somatomedin C, IGF-I, IGFI, IGF1, IGF-IA MGF.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized IGF-1 Bovine although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution bovine IGF1 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized bovine IGF-1 in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O at a concentration of 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
GPETLCGAEL VDALQFVCGD RGFYFNKPTG YGSSSRRAPQ TGIVDECCFR SCDLRRLEMY CAPLKPAKSA.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Epidermal Growth Factor Mouse

Urogastrone, URG, EGF.

Product # :

CYT-554

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Description

Epidermal Growth Factor Mouse purified from submaxillary gland is a single, glycosylated, polypeptide chain having a molecular mass of 6.1 kDa.The EGF is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Mouse Submaxillary Gland.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized from a concentrated (1mg/ml) solution containing 0.01M sodium acetate buffer.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The biological activity is measured in a proliferation assay using BALB/MK cells.

More Info

Introduction
Epidermal growth factor has a profound effect on the differentiation of specific cells in vivo and is a potent mitogenic factor for a variety of cultured cells of both ectodermal and mesodermal origin. The EGF precursor is believed to exist as a membrane-bound molecule which is proteolytically cleaved to generate the 53-amino acid peptide hormone that stimulates cells to divide.
EGF stimulates the growth of various epidermal and epithelial tissues in vivo and in vitro and of some fibroblasts in cell culture.
Synonyms
Urogastrone, URG, EGF.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Epidermal Growth Factor Mouse although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution EGF should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Epidermal Growth Factor in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Background
Illuminating Novel Avenues: Epidermal Growth Factor Mouse Variant in Cellular Dynamics and Therapeutic Prospects
Abstract:
This research paper delves into unexplored dimensions of the Epidermal Growth Factor Mouse Variant (EGF-M), unraveling its intricate molecular attributes, signaling cascades, and therapeutic implications. Employing advanced methodologies encompassing transgenic models, cellular assays, and bioinformatics, this study unveils the nuanced cellular responses elicited by EGF-M. The findings underscore its potential as a therapeutic target for regenerative medicine and cancer interventions.
Introduction:
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) orchestrates pivotal cellular processes. This paper charts a new course, focusing on the Epidermal Growth Factor Mouse Variant (EGF-M), exploring its distinct molecular properties and therapeutic applications.
Molecular Insights and Receptor Binding:
EGF-M's interaction with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) initiates a cascade of intracellular events. Molecular dynamics simulations and binding studies decipher the nuances of this interaction, shedding light on structural motifs that drive receptor activation and downstream signaling.
Cellular Signaling and Functional Responses:
EGF-M engages canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. High-resolution microscopy and phosphoproteomics unveil spatiotemporal dynamics, revealing how EGF-M orchestrates cell proliferation, migration, and survival.
Transgenic Mouse Models and In Vivo Implications:
In transgenic mouse models, EGF-M's impact on tissue regeneration becomes evident. Tailored wound healing assays demonstrate accelerated re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation, affirming its potential in regenerative medicine. Furthermore, xenograft studies suggest its role in modulating tumor microenvironments, offering prospects for cancer therapy.
Bioinformatics in EGF-M Interactions:
Advanced bioinformatics analyses deepen our understanding of EGF-M's cellular interactions. Molecular docking simulations predict potential binding partners and off-target effects, enhancing our comprehension of its biological scope.
Therapeutic Implications and Future Directions:
EGF-M's distinctive attributes open doors for therapeutic innovation. Exploiting its regenerative potential, it holds promise for chronic wound management and tissue engineering. Moreover, targeted interventions exploiting its role in cancer microenvironments might revolutionize oncology treatments.
Challenges and Prospects:
Despite promising strides, challenges linger, including deciphering cross-talk between signaling pathways. Future research should focus on refining delivery methods and optimizing dosage regimens to harness EGF-M's therapeutic potential.
Conclusion:
In a synthesis of intricate molecular insights and transformative therapeutic avenues, Epidermal Growth Factor Mouse Variant emerges as a captivating subject. Its distinctive binding mechanisms and multifaceted cellular orchestration spotlight its potential as a regenerative agent and a cancer therapeutic, propelling medical science into a new era.
What is the molecular weight/Mw of EGF Protein?
EGF Protein has a total Mw of 6.1Da.

What is the source or expression system of EGF Protein?
Mouse Submaxillary Gland.

What is the Purity of EGF Protein?
EGF Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of EGF Protein?
The biological activity is measured in a proliferation assay using BALB/MK cells.

What is the amino acid sequence of EGF Protein?
EGF Protein is composed from 53 amino acids.

What applications can EGF Protein be used in?
EGF Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for EGF Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, EGF Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Canine Recombinant

Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain, Anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormones common subunit alpha, Follitropin alpha chain, Follicle-stimulating hormone alpha chain, FSH-alpha, Lutropin alpha chain, Luteinizing hormone alpha chain, LSH-alpha, Thyrotropin alpha chain, Thyroid-stimulating hormone alpha chain, TSH-alpha, Choriogonadotropin alpha chain, Chorionic gonadotrophin alpha subunit, CG-alpha, Thyrotropin subunit beta, Thyroid-stimulating hormone subunit beta, TSH-beta, TSH-B, Thyrotropin beta chain, Thyrotropin alfa.

Product # :

HOR-049

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Quantity :

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Description

TSH Canine is a heterodimeric glycoprotein consisting of 2 non-covalently linked subunits, an alpha subunit (96 a.a) and a beta subunit (118 a.a). TSH Canine is produced by co-expression of the alpha and beta subunits of TSH. Beta subunit contains alanine instead of valine at position 81.

Source

Mammalian cell line.

Formulation

TSH was lyophilized from 150mM NaCl, 10mM K-phosphate, pH 7.4, 0.1% CHAPS and 100mM D-mannitol.

Purity

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

More Info

Synonyms
Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain, Anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormones common subunit alpha, Follitropin alpha chain, Follicle-stimulating hormone alpha chain, FSH-alpha, Lutropin alpha chain, Luteinizing hormone alpha chain, LSH-alpha, Thyrotropin alpha chain, Thyroid-stimulating hormone alpha chain, TSH-alpha, Choriogonadotropin alpha chain, Chorionic gonadotrophin alpha subunit, CG-alpha, Thyrotropin subunit beta, Thyroid-stimulating hormone subunit beta, TSH-beta, TSH-B, Thyrotropin beta chain, Thyrotropin alfa.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized TSH although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Thyroid Stimulating Hormone should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.
For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).
Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized TSH in deionized H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Background
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), a pivotal glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, stands as the master regulator of thyroid function. Its intricate control over thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion makes it a linchpin in the delicate balance of the endocrine system. The study of TSH, particularly in the form of TSH Recombinant Protein, has not only provided profound insights into thyroid physiology but has also revolutionized diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and our understanding of various thyroid disorders. This research delves into the multifaceted realm of TSH, exploring its structural intricacies, physiological roles, and its far-reaching implications in both clinical and research settings.
Structural Insights into TSH:
TSH, a heterodimeric protein consisting of alpha and beta subunits, possesses a distinctive structure crucial for its biological activity. The beta subunit contains a unique hinge region, allowing flexibility in its interactions with the thyroid follicular cells. Understanding these structural nuances is fundamental for comprehending TSH's receptor binding, signaling cascades, and its intricate feedback mechanisms governing thyroid hormone production.
Physiological Significance in Thyroid Regulation:
TSH orchestrates thyroid function by binding to its specific receptors on the thyroid gland, stimulating iodine uptake, thyroid hormone synthesis, and secretion. This process is indispensable for maintaining the body's metabolism, energy balance, and overall growth and development. TSH's meticulous control over thyroid activity ensures the precise release of thyroid hormones, essential for numerous physiological processes and maintaining homeostasis.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications:
In the realm of diagnostics, TSH assays utilizing TSH Recombinant Protein have revolutionized the detection and monitoring of thyroid disorders, particularly hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. By measuring TSH levels, clinicians can assess thyroid function, enabling early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies. Moreover, recombinant TSH finds applications in diagnostic imaging, enhancing the accuracy of radioiodine scans for thyroid cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Innovative Therapies and Future Prospects:
Recombinant TSH has paved the way for innovative therapeutic interventions, particularly in the management of thyroid cancer. Thyroid remnant ablation, a crucial step in thyroid cancer treatment, involves the administration of radioiodine following recombinant TSH stimulation, maximizing the therapeutic efficacy while minimizing the radiation exposure to surrounding tissues. Ongoing research explores the potential of TSH receptor agonists and antagonists, offering new avenues for targeted therapies in thyroid-related disorders.
TSH Recombinant Protein, with its profound influence on thyroid function and its applications in diagnostics and therapeutics, stands at the forefront of endocrine research. Its intricate roles in thyroid regulation, metabolism, and growth highlight its significance in human physiology. As our understanding of TSH deepens, it not only aids in the development of innovative treatments but also opens new avenues for exploring the complex interplay between hormones, receptors, and physiological responses. This research not only illuminates the vital role of TSH but also underscores its potential in shaping the future of thyroid-related healthcare.
What is the source or expression system of TSH CANINE Protein?
Mammalian cell line.

What is the Purity of TSH CANINE Protein?
TSH CANINE Protein is >90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of TSH CANINE Protein?
The biological functionality of TSH CANINE Protein will be determined in the future.

What applications can TSH CANINE Protein be used in?
TSH CANINE Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for TSH CANINE Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, TSH CANINE Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Fibroblast Growth Factor-4 Human Recombinant

HBGF4, FGF-4, FGF4, KFGF, HSTF1.

Product # :

CYT-312

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Description

FGF4 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 182 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 19.8kDa. The FGF4 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The FGF4 protein was lyophilized with 20mM sodium phosphate and 500mM NaCl pH-7.5.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED₅₀ as determined by NR6R-3T3 Proliferation is 0.54ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 1.8X10⁶ units/mg.

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Introduction
FGF4 holds s comprehensive mitogenic and cell survival activities and takes part in a range of biological processes including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. FGF4 possess oncogenic transforming activity. FGF4 and FGF3, oncogenic growth factors are localized on chromosome 11. Co-amplification of both factors was found in several kinds of human tumors. FGF4 functions in bone morphogenesis and limb development through the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway.
Synonyms
HBGF4, FGF-4, FGF4, KFGF, HSTF1.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized FGF4 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution FGF-4 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized FGF4 Human Recombinant sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
MAPTAPNGTL EAELERRWES LVALSLARLP VAAQPKEAAV QSGAGDYLLG IKRLRRLYCN VGIGFHLQAL PDGRIGGAHA DTRDSLLELS PVERGVVSIF GVASRFFVAM SSKGKLYGSP FFTDECTFKE ILLPNNYNAY ESYKYPGMFI ALSKNGKTKK GNRVSPTMKV THFLPRL.
Background
What is the molecular weight/Mw of FGF4 HUMAN Protein?
FGF4 HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 19.8kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FGF4 HUMAN Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of FGF4 HUMAN Protein?
FGF4 HUMAN Protein is > 95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of FGF4 HUMAN Protein?
The ED50 as determined by NR6R-3T3 Proliferation is 0.54ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 1.8X106 units/mg.

What is the amino acid sequence of FGF4 HUMAN Protein?
MAPTAPNGTL EAELERRWES LVALSLARLP VAAQPKEAAV QSGAGDYLLG IKRLRRLYCN VGIGFHLQAL PDGRIGGAHA DTRDSLLELS PVERGVVSIF GVASRFFVAM SSKGKLYGSP FFTDECTFKE ILLPNNYNAY ESYKYPGMFI ALSKNGKTKK GNRVSPTMKV THFLPRL.

What applications can FGF4 HUMAN Protein be used in?
FGF4 HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FGF4 HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FGF4 HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

AOD-9604

Product # :

HOR-064

Price :

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Description

AOD-9604 is a synthetic single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 16 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 1815 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C78H123N23O23 S2.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized with no additives.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by analysis by RP-HPLC.

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Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized AOD-9604 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution AOD-9604 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.
For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).
Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized AOD-9604 in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100 µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
H-Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-SerVal-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe-OH (Disulfide bond).
Background
AOD-9604 is a synthetic analog of the C-terminal fragment (177–191) AOD-9604 stimulates lipolysis (fat breakdown) without the unwanted growth-promoting or insulin-antagonizing effects of full-length hGH. AOD-9604 is a potent lipolytic tool in animal models and researchers focus on its regenerative properties in joint health and its ability to modulate beta3 adrenergic receptors without the systemic risks of growth hormone.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

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