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RCAN2 is a member of the RCAN (Regulator of calcineurin) family that controls the activity of Calcineurin using a valine-rich region placed in their carboxyl tail. RCANs race against NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) to bind to the same docking site in calcineurin, and consequently inhibits or activates calcineurin activity. RCAN2 is a Ca(2+) dependent protein phosphatase which takes part in numerous neuornal functions.

Reticulocalbin 3 (RCN3) belongs to the CREC (cab45/reticulocalbin/ ERC45/calumenin) family. RCN3 contains 5 Arg-Xaa-Xaa-Arg motifs, which function as target sequences of SPCs (subtilisin-like proprotein convertases), which is a family of serine endoproteases that proteolytically activate proproteins. The synthesis of PACE4 is induced by association and coexpression with RCN3.

MYC Induced Nuclear Antigen, also known as MINA is an oxygenase which can function both as a histone lysine demethylase and a ribosomal histidine hydroxylase. MINA is involved in the demethylation of trimethylated Lys-9 on histone H3 (H3K9me3), leading to an increase in ribosomal RNA expression. MINA also catalyzes the hydroxylation of 60S ribosomal protein L27a on His-39. In addition, MINA plays a significant role in cell growth and survival. MINA is implicated in ribosome biogenesis, probably in the duration of the assembly process of pre-ribosomal particles.

Charged multivesicular body protein 1a (CHMP1A) is a member of the vacuolar sorting protein family and functions as chromatin-modifying protein. These complexes are essential for sorting endosomal articles into multivesicular bodies (MVBs), as well as vital for the formation of these bodies. The MVBs pathway mediates distribution of transmembrane proteins into the lumen of the lysosome for degradation. CHMP1 interacts with VPS4B and localizes to early endosomes.

Glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL) converts from inactive phosphorylase B to active phosphorylase A by phosphorylation of serine residue 15. Activity of the PYGL enzyme is further regulated by numerous allosteric effectors and hormonal controls. The liver isozyme supplies the glycemic demands of the body in general whereas the brain and muscle isozymes supply just those tissues.

GDA is a member of the ATZ/TRZ family and is in charge for the hydrolytic deamination of guanine. GDA takes part in microtubule assembly. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for GDA.

SCGN is a secreted calcium-binding protein which is found in the cytoplasm. It is related to calbindin D-28K and calretinin. Secretagogin is involved in KCL-stimulated calcium flux and cell proliferation.
Secretagogin plays a role in human non-functional pituitary adenomas.

Decorin (DCN) is a small cellular or pericellular matrix proteoglycan which is closely related in structure to biglycan protein. Decorin is a secreted protein which binds to collagen and fibronectin in extracellular matrix. Decorin appears in different glycoforms, substituted with chondroitin sulfate or dermatan sulfate consistent with the original tissue. DCN contains one attached glycosaminoglycan chain. Decorin influences the rate of fibril formation. Decorin is capable of suppressing the growth of various tumor cell lines. DCN gene defects cause corneal dystrophy. The DCN gene is a candidate gene for Marfan syndrome.

PGLS is an enzyme in the second step pentose phosphate pathway. 6-Phosphogluconolactonase is crucial for the synthesis of nucleotide sugars and NADPH, the key cause for decreasing power. PGLS transforms 6-phosphogluconolactone to 6-phosphogluconate.

HCV is a small 50nm, enveloped, single-stranded, positive sense RNAvirus in the family Flaviviridae.
HCV has a high rate of replication with approximately one trillion particles produced each day in an infected individual. Due to lack of proofreading by the HCV RNA polymerase, the HCV has an exceptionally high mutation rate, a factor that may help it elude the host's immune response. Hepatitis C virus is classified into six genotypes(1-6) with several subtypes within each genotype. The preponderance and distribution of HCV genotypes varies globally. Genotype is clinically important in determining potential response to interferon-based therapy and the required duration of such therapy. Genotypes 1 and 4 are less responsive to interferon-based treatment than are the other genotypes (2, 3, 5 and 6).

Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1, is a part of the Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase gene family. DDAH1 participates in nitric oxide generation by regulating cellular concentrations of methylarginines, that in turn inhibit nitric oxide synthase activity. Deficiency of DDAH1 results in ADMA (asymmetric dimethylarginine) increase and a decrease in cGMP generation.

DnaK, originally identified for its DNA replication by bacteriophage l in E. coli is the bacterial HSP70 chaperone. This protein is involved in the folding and assembly of newly synthesized polypeptide chains and in preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins.

Snail homolog 1 (SNAI1) is involved in induction of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), formation and maintenance of embryonic mesoderm, growth arrest, survival and cell migration. SNAI1 binds to 3 E-boxes of the E-cadherin gene promoter and represses its transcription. The nuclear protein encoded by SNAI1 is structurally identical to the Drosophila snail protein, and is considered as well to be vital for mesoderm formation in the developing embryo. At least two variants of a similar processed pseudogene have been found on chromosome 2. Among the diseases associated with SNAI1 are waardenburg syndrome type iid, and inappropriate adh syndrome.

PLA2G7 is a secreted enzyme which catalyzes the degradation of platelet-activating factor to biologically inactive products. The PLA2G7 enzyme is produced by inflammatory cells and hydrolyzes oxidised phospholipids in LDL. In the blood, PLA2G7 goes mainly with LDL and less than 20% is coupled with HDL.
PLA2G7 is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis and is also a marker for cardiac disease. PLA2G7 might have a major physiologic effect in the presence of inflammatory bodily responses.
PLA2G7 alters the action of PAF (platelet-activating factor) by hydrolyzing the sn-2 ester bond to yield the biologically inactive lyso-PAF. PLA2G7 has specificity for substrates with a short residue at the sn-2 position. PLA2G7 is inactive against long-chain phospholipids.
PLA2G7 gene defects are the source of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase deficiency, which is a trait that is present in 27% of the Japanese population.

GDA is a member of the ATZ/TRZ family and is in charge for the hydrolytic deamination of guanine. GDA takes part in microtubule assembly. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for GDA.

Protein Kinase, AMP-Activated, Alpha 1 (PRKAA1) is a protein coding gene which is the catalytic subunit of AMPK. AMPK is an energy sensor protein kinase which regulates cellular energy metabolism. AMPK adjusts the activity of various important metabolic enzymes by direct phosphorylation. Among its other features, AMPK protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways.

CCR4-Not transcription complex, subunit 7 (CNOT7) is a ubiquitous transcription factor. CNOT7 is a component of the CCR4 complex which functions as a general transcription regulation complex. Furthermore, CNOT7 binds to an anti-proliferative protein, BTG1 (B-cell translocation protein 1), which negatively regulates cell proliferation.

DnaK, originally identified for its DNA replication by bacteriophage l in E. coli is the bacterial hsp70 chaperone. This protein is involved in the folding and assembly of newly synthesized polypeptide chains and in preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins. Dnak(residues 508-638) of the substrate binding domain is a-helical and appears to act as a lid covering the substrate binding cleft. DnaK(amino acid 508-638) was purified to apparent homogeneity by using conventional column chromatography techniques. Additional amino acid (Met) is attached at N- terminus.

OGG1 is a DNA glycosylase enzyme which takes part in base excision repair. OGG1 protein is the main enzyme accountable for the excision of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a mutagenic base byproduct which arises as a result of exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS). OGG1 shows beta lyase activity that nicks DNA 3 to the lesion.

At least 23 different variants of IFN-alpha are known. The individual proteins have molecular masses between 19-26 kDa and consist of proteins with lengths of 156-166 and 172 amino acids. All IFN-alpha subtypes possess a common conserved sequence region between amino acid positions 115-151 while the amino-terminal ends are variable. Many IFN-alpha subtypes differ in their sequences at only one or two positions. Naturally occurring variants also include proteins truncated by 10 amino acids at the carboxy-terminal end.

A human infecting coronavirus (viral pneumonia) called 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV was found in the fish market at the city of Wuhan, Hubei province of China on December 2019.

The 2019-nCoV shares an 87% identity to the 2 bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome 2018 SARS-CoV-2 located in Zhoushan of eastern China. 2019-nCoV has an analogous receptor-BD-structure to that of 2018 SARS-CoV, even though there is a.a. diversity so thus the 2019-nCoV might bind to ACE2 receptor protein (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) in humans.

While bats are possibly the host of 2019-nCoV, researchers suspect that animal from the ocean sold at the seafood market was an intermediate host. RSCU analysis proposes that the 2019-nCoV is a recombinant within the viral spike glycoprotein between the bat coronavirus and an unknown coronavirus.

Podoplanin is a small mucin-like type-1 transmembrane protein, typically expressed in various specialized cell types throughout the body. Podoplanin is a type-I integral membrane glycoprotein with diverse distribution in human tissues. PDPN physiological function is related to its mucin-type character. The homologous protein in other species has been described as a differentiation antigen and influenza-virus receptor.
PDPN is expressed in lymphatic progenitor cells and afterwards during mouse development in lymphatic endothelial cells. Podoplanin is a specific marker for lymph vessel endothelial cells. Over-expression of podoplanin significantly elevates endothelial cell adhesion, migration, and tube formation. Inhibition of Podoplanin expression decreases cell adhesion in human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells. Podoplanin is used as a specific marker for lymphatic endothelium in histopathology.
Podoplanin expression is increased in nearly all human colon, rectum, and small intestine tumors. AGGRUS may serve as a diagnostic marker that distinguishes seminomas, the majority of which over express the protein, from embryonal carcinoma in testicular germ cell tumors.