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Brain Abundant Membrane Attached Signal Protein 1 (BASP1) is a membrane bound protein with numerous transient phosphorylation positions and PEST motifs. Preservation of proteins with PEST sequences amongst diverse species supports their functional significance. PEST sequences take place in proteins with high turnover rates. Immunological attributes of this protein are species specific. BASP1 undergoes N-terminal myristoylation.

Melanoma-associated antigen D1 (MAGED1) belongs to the melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) family and expressed in virtually all normal adult tissues. MAGED1 is involved in the p75 neurotrophin receptor mediated programmed cell death pathway. MAGED1 is involved in Prader-Willi syndrome including hyperphagia, repetitive and compulsive behaviors, and cognitive impairment. MAGED1 is involved in the apoptotic response following NGF (nerve growth factor) binding in neuronal cells. MAGED1 hinders cell cycle progression, and facilitates NGFR-mediated apoptosis. MAGED1 functions as a regulator of the function of DLX family members. MAGED1 has a role in the circadian rythm regulation.

L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule (L1CAM) which is a cell adhesion receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily takes part in nerve cell function. L1CAM is a neural cell adhesion molecule involved in the dynamics of cell adhesion and in the generation of transmembrane signals at tyrosine kinase receptors. L1CAM takes part in cell migration, neurite outgrowth and myelination. Furthermore, L1CAM plays an important role in the dynamics of neuronal structure and function in the mature brain.

SEMG1 is the predominant protein in semen. The secreted protein takes part in the formation of a gel matrix which encases ejaculated spermatozoa. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) protease processes SEMG1 into smaller peptides, with each possibly having a separate function. The proteolysis process breaks down the gel matrix and allows the spermatozoa to shift more freely. 2 transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for SEMG1.

Olfactory marker protein (OMP) which is expressed in the cytoplasm of olfactory chemosensory neurons in the nasal neuroepithelium, is associated in a unique way with the mature olfactory receptor neurons in numerous vertebrate species. OMP have a modulatory part in the odor detection/signal transduction cascade ant its expression is a sign of mature vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). OMP is also a potent enhancer of mitosis in fetal olfactory epithelial cells and it promotes an increase in uptake of tritiated thymidine in liver.

GCSAM is a protein which functions in signal transduction pathways and whose expression raises in germinal cell lymphomas. GCSAM contains a putative PDZ-interacting domain, an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), and two putative SH2 binding sites. In B cells, GCSAM expression is particularly induced by interleukin-4.

Adiponectin is an adipocyte specific secreted protein that circulates in the plasma. It is induced during adipocyte differentiation and its secretion is stimulated by insulin. Mouse adiponectin shares about 83% amino acid identity with that human. Adiponectin plays a role in various physiological processes such as energy homeostasis and obesity. Adiponectin is reduced in obese humans, and decreased level is associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.

SQSTM1 is an adapter protein which binds ubiquitin and mediates the activation of NFKB1 by TNF-a, NGF and IL-1. SQSTM1 is involved in titin/TTN downstream signaling in muscle cells. SQSTM1 controls signaling cascades through ubiquitination. SQSTM1 participates in cell differentiation, apoptosis, immune response and regulation of K(+) channels. Mutations in UBA domain of the SQSTM1 protein cause Paget’s disease because the UBA is essential for aggregate sequestration and cell survival.

Transferrin is the iron-transport protein of vertebrate serum and donates iron to cells through interaction with a specific membrane receptor, CD71. Transferrin appears to be indispensable for most cells growing in tissue culture.
It is referred to frequently as a growth factor because, in analogy to other growth factor-receptor interactions, proliferating cells express high numbers of transferrin receptors, and the binding of transferrin to their receptors is needed for cells to initiate and maintain their DNA synthesis. Apart from its role as an iron transport protein transferrin acts as a cytokine and has functions that may not be related to its iron-carrying capacity.
Human Transferrin is a crucial component for the cultivation of mammalian cells in-vitro. Human Transferrin is Critical for long-term cells growth in-vitro. Human Transferrin is used as detoxificant in media by binding contaminating metal ions. Human Transferrin is often used as a nutrient in fermentation media for recombinant protein and biopharmaceutical production. Additional common uses of Human Transferrin areMolecular weight, Affinity purification of anti-human transferrin antibodies and also as receptor mediated transfection of molecules such as DNA, into cells.

Tropomyosin beta chain isoform 2 is affiliate to the actin filament binding protein family which primarily expressed in slow, type 1 muscle fibers. Mutations in TPM2 can change the expression of other sarcomeric tropomyosin proteins, and cause cap disease, nemaline myopathy and distal arthrogryposis syndromes.

Synovial Sarcoma, X Breakpoint 2 (SSX2) is a part of the family of highly homologous synovial sarcoma X breakpoint proteins which play a role as transcriptional repressors. Homologous synovial sarcoma X breakpoint proteins are also able to bring out spontaneous humoral and cellular immune responses in cancer patients, and are effective targets in cancer vaccine-based immunotherapy.

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-2 (Serpine2) which inhibits thrombin, plasmin and plasminogen activators is a part of the Serpin superfamily of the serine protease inhibitors. Serpine2 is able to transform human embryonic kidney cells into neuron-like cells. Furthermore, Serpine2's over expression in mice leads to progressive neuronal and motor dysfunction.

ATG5 is a member of the autophagy-related (ATG) genes family. Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents. ATG5 protein is essential for autophagy. It conjugates to ATG12 and associates with isolation membrane to form autophagosomes. In addition ATG5 takes a vital part in the apoptotic process and it is expressed relatively late in the apoptotic process, downstream of caspase activity.

EYA2 belongs to tyrosine phosphatase family which specifically dephosphorylates 'Tyr-142' of histone H2AX (H2AXY142ph). EYA2 promotes effective DNA mending by dephosphorylating H2AX, promoting the enlistment of DNA repair complexes having MDC1. EYA2 role as histone phosphatase can explain its part in transcription regulation during organogenesis.

Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2), is a member of to the EPCAM family. TACSTD2 is an intronless gene which encodes a carcinoma-associated antigen. TACSTD2 may act as a growth factor receptor and as a cell surface receptor that transduces calcium signals. Mutations of TACSTD2 have been associated with gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy.

T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains or TIGIT, is an immune receptor located on part of T cells and Natural Killer Cells(NK). TIGIT is also known as Vstm3 and WUCAM. The receptor can bind with high affinity to dendritic cells(DCs), CD155(PVR) on macrophages, etc., and it can bind with lower affinity to CD112(PVRL2). TIGIT can inhibit the cytotoxicity of Natural Killer Cells through its ITIM domain via antibodies against the interaction with PVR and the activity is directed. It has been show on research that TIGIT-Fc fusion molecule can have interaction with PVR on dendritic cells and elevate its IL-10 secretion level or lower the secretion on IL-12 under the stimulation of LPS, moreover, it can inhibit the activation of T cell in vivo.

The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are ligandactivated transcription factors within the nuclear receptor superfamily, which play important roles in adipogenesis, glucose homeostasis andinflammation. Three different isotypes can be distinguished; alpha, beta and gamma. PPARg, is mainly expressed in adipose tissue and to lesser extent in colon, the immune system and the retina. Whereas PPARg operates in the catabolism of fatty acids in the liver, PPARg influences the storage of fatty acids in the adipose tissue and plays a role in adipocyte differentiation. PPARg binds to DNA as a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor (RXR), activating expression of target genes after binding ligand.

Legumain, also known as LGMN is a lysosomal cysteine protease which is found in all mouse tissues, however it was mainly abundant in the kidney as well as placenta. LGMN plays an essential role in the endosomal/lysosomal degradation system as the Legumain deficiency causes the accumulation of pro cathepsins B, H & L, another group of lysosomal cysteine proteases. Furthermore, over expression of LGMN in tumors is important for invasion/metastasis.

Uromodulin (Tamm–Horsfall protein) is produced mainly by cells in the kidney’s thick ascending limb and is the most abundant protein in normal urine.
Uromodulin takes part in salt and water regulation, helps prevent urinary tract infections and kidney stones, and influences inflammation and immune activity in the kidney.
Reduced Uromodulin levels is associated with chronic kidney disease.
UMOD mutations causes unproper protein folding and thus transported incorrectly, resulting in its accumulation inside kidney tubular cells that damages the tubules and cause kidney disease (ADTKD-UMOD), associated with high uric acid, gout, and progressive kidney failure.

Mannoside Acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (MGAT2) is a golgi enzyme catalyzing an vital step in the conversion of oligomannose to complex N-glycans. MGAT2 enzyme has the characteristic glycosyltransferase domains: a short N-terminal cytoplasmic domain, a hydrophobic non-cleavable signal-anchor domain, and a C-terminal catalytic domain. MGAT2 gene mutations may lead to carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome, type II.

S100A8 is a part of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a broad range of cells, and participate in the regulation of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100A8 plays a role in the inhibition of casein kinase and as a cytokine. S100A8 altered expression is related with cystic fibrosis disease. S100A8 is a calcium-binding protein that has antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.S100A8 is crucial for resistance towards invasion by pathogenic bacteria. S100A8 up-regulates transcription of genes that are under the control of NF-kappa-B. S100A8 plays a role in the development of endotoxic shock in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. S100A8 endorses tubulin polymerization and promotes phagocyte migration and infiltration of granulocytes at sites of wounding. S100A8 takes part as a pro-inflammatory mediator in acute and chronic inflammation and up-regulates the release of IL8 and cell-surface expression of ICAM1.

NCR2 is a member of the natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR) family and holds 1 immunoglobulin-like (Ig-like) domain. NCR2 cooperates with TYROBP/DAP12 and is specifically expressed by activated NK cells and by in vitro cultured TCRg/d lymphoid cells. NCR2 is a cytotoxicity-activating receptor which induces the amplified efficiency of activated natural killer (NK) cells to mediate tumor cell lysis.