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DERF1 is a thiol protease that hydrolyzes proteins, with a preference for Phe or basic residues. DERF1 is a C1 peptidase family member. DERF1 has extensive endopeptidase specificity. DERF1 causes an allergic reaction in humans. Common symptoms of mite allergy are bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis.

SP100 protein is Homodimer which takes part in the control of gene expression. SP100 interacts with members of the HP1 family of nonhistone chromosomal protein, such as CBX5 and CBX3 via the PxVxL motif and also interacts with Epstein-Barr virus EBNA-LP.
The major isoform Sp100-A, has a calculated MW of 54 kDa, but exhibits aberrant electrophoretic mobilities, with an apparent MW OF 100 kDa.

Synaptic vesicle membrane docking and fusion is mediated by SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) located on the vesicle membrane (v-SNAREs) and the target membrane (t-SNAREs). The assembled v-SNARE/t-SNARE complex consists of a bundle of four helices, one of which is supplied by v-SNARE and the other three by t-SNARE. For t-SNAREs on the plasma membrane, the protein syntaxin supplies one helix and the protein encoded by this gene contributes the other two. Therefore, SNAP25 product is a presynaptic plasma membrane protein involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. The synaptosomal-associated protein (SNAP-25) is an essential component of the core complex that mediates presynaptic vesicle trafficking. Thus, SNAP-25 is directly involved in the release of neurotransmitters.

Myosin regulatory light chain 12A (MYL12A) has a vital role in regulation of both smooth muscle and nonmuscle cell contractile activity via its phosphorylation. The MYL12A protein is involved in cytokinesis, receptor capping, and cell locomotion.

MYC Induced Nuclear Antigen, also known as MINA is an oxygenase which can function both as a histone lysine demethylase and a ribosomal histidine hydroxylase. MINA is involved in the demethylation of trimethylated Lys-9 on histone H3 (H3K9me3), leading to an increase in ribosomal RNA expression. MINA also catalyzes the hydroxylation of 60S ribosomal protein L27a on His-39. In addition, MINA plays a significant role in cell growth and survival. MINA is implicated in ribosome biogenesis, probably in the duration of the assembly process of pre-ribosomal particles.

APIP catalyzes the dehydration of methylthioribulose-1-phosphate (MTRu-1-P) into 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate (DK-MTP-1-P). APIP has an anti-apoptotic function and inhibits muscle ischemic impairment. APIP inhibits the cytochrome c-dependent and APAF1-mediated cell death.

THAP Domain Containing, Apoptosis Associated Protein 7 (THAP7) holds one THAP-type zinc finger. THAP7 is a chromatin-associated, histone tail-binding protein which represses transcription by recruiting HDAC3 and nuclear hormone receptor corepressors.

OTOR proteins is also known as fibrocyte-derived protein (Fdp) and Melanoma inhibitory activity-like (MIAL). Otoraplin is a member of the melanoma-inhibiting activity gene family. Otoraplin is a secreted 16 kDa globular protein that is expressed in the inner ear by periotic mesenchyme and developing and mature fibrocytes. OTOR is highly homologous to MIA/cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein (CD-RAP), which is a cartilage-specific protein that is also expressed in malignant melanoma cells. The 111 amino acid mature human otoraplin contains 1 SH3 domain (46 – 107 amino acids) and a Tyr at position 50 that is reportedly sulfated. Otoraplin takes pasrt in the initiation of periotic mesenchyme chondrogenesis.
Otoraplin is secreted through the Golgi apparatus and plays a role in cartilage development and maintenance. A frequent polymorphism in the translation start codon of OTOR can abolish translation and may be associated with forms of deafness.

High mobility group protein HMG-I/HMG-Y (HMGA1) belongs to the non-histone chromosomal high mobility group protein (HMG) family. HMGA1 is composed of a highly conserved AT-hook DNA-binding domain which mediates binding to AT-rich sequences in the minor groove of chromosomal DNA. HMGA1 functions as an architectural chromatin-binding transcription factor modifying the conformation of DNA by modulating nuclear protein-DNA complexes. Furthermore, HMGA1 is involved in numerous cellular processes including growth regulation, viral induction of beta-IFN gene and regulation of inducible gene transcription.

Lipocalin-2 also called Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) belongs to a family of lipocans which include 25 proteins (including a1-microglobulin and b-lactoglobulin), which are characterized by their ability to bind small lipophilic substances in their hydrophobic core.
They thereby serve as transporters of substances like retinal, biliverdins & prostaglandins. There are indications that NGAL is involved in modulation of the inflammatory response and is found in the plasma of patients after stroke.

RANKL binds to tnfrsf11b/opg and to tnfrsf11a/rank. Osteoclast differentiation and activation factor. Augments the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate naive t-cell proliferation. May be an important regulator of interactions between t-cells and dendritic cells and may play a role in the regulation of the t-cell-dependent immune response. sRANKL may also play an important role in enhanced bone-resorption in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.

Amino-terminal enhancer of split (AES) is a member of the groucho/TLE family of proteins. AES can function as a homooligomer or as a heteroologimer with other family members in order to forcefully repress the expression of other family member genes. Furthermore, AES can repress NFkB-regulated gene expression and is believed to have a significant role in initiating and maintaining cell differentiation events. AES is similar in sequence to the amino terminus of Drosophila enhancer of split groucho, a protein which is involved in neurogenesis during embryonic development. The AES protein is expressed predominately in the fetal brain, liver, lung, heart and kidney and also in the adult muscle.

HSPBAP1 holds a jumonji C (JMJC) domain. HSPBAP1 protein has a part in regulating stress response in the living cell. HSPBAP1 is known to interact with CRYAB and HSPB1.

SERPINA1 is secreted and is a serine protease inhibitor which its targets include elastase, plasmin, collagenase, leucocytic proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and plasminogen activator. Defects in SERPINA1 gene can cause emphysema or liver disease. SERPINA1 is an endogenous inhibitor of serine proteases and inhibits the catalytic domain of human recombinant matriptase in vitro. Rise in SERPINA1 occurs as an acute phase response to tissue necrosis and inflammation. mutations in SERPINA1 and SLC11A1 genes change the balance between elastase produced by leukocytes during phagocytosis.

Synaptobrevin 2 which is an 18 kDa integral membrane protein localized to the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicle, consists of a proline-rich N-terminal region, a highly conserved hydrophilic domain, followed by a transmembrane anchor and a C-terminal. Synaptobrevin 2 is predominantly expressed in Langerhans islets and glomerular cells. The N-terminal domain of the protein (residues 1-89) forms a specific SNARE complex with the target membrane-associated t- or Q-SNAREs syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25.

Mouse S100A15 is a protein of 104 amino acids with an expected molecular weight of 12,870 Dalton having 2 EF-hand calcium binding sites. The S100A15 expression is upregulated in cultured keratinocytes stimulated to differentiate by calcium or phorbol esters. S100A15 is expressed in the skin and keratinocytes.

Sclerostin Domain Containing 1 (SOSTDC1) belongs to the sclerostin family and an N-glycosylated, secreted protein with a C-terminal cystine knot-like domain. The SOSTDC1 protein acts as a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist. Specifically, SOSTDC1 directly associates with BMPs, prohibiting them from binding their receptors, thus regulating BMP signaling throughout cellular proliferation, differentiation, and programmed cell death. SOSTDC1 may also be involved in the onset of endometrial receptivity for implantation/sensitization for the decidual cell reaction Enhances Wnt signaling and hinders TGF-beta signaling. In addition, SOSTDC1 directly antagonizes the activity of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6 and BMP7 in a dose-dependent manner.

Syndecan 2 (SDC2) is a conserved family of heparan- and chondroitin-sulfate carrying transmembrane protein. Syndecan 2 is a cell membrane proteoglycan which modulates the activity and dynamics of some growth factor receptors and integrins. SDC2 is expressed in HSCs (hepatic stellate cells), a key cell type involved in matrix deposition in liver fibrotic disorders. SDC2 is implicated in the formation of specialized membrane domains and serves as a direct link between the extracellular environment and the organization of the cortical cytoplasm.

Troponin Complex is a heteromeric protein playing an important role in the regulation of skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction. It consists of three subunits, Troponin I, Troponin T and TroponinC. Each subunit is responsible for part of Troponin Complex function. E.g. Troponin I inhibits ATP-ase activity of acto-myosin.Troponin T and Troponin Iare presented in cardiac muscles in different forms than in skeletal muscles. Purified subunits of rcTnI, rcTnC and rcTnT are recomplexed in vitro under appropriate conditions.

Integrins are heterodimeric proteins consist of alpha and beta subunits. There are more than 18 alpha and 8 beta subunits discovered in mammals. Integrin family members are membrane receptors that participates in cell adhesion and recognition in a variety of processes including embryogenesis, hemostasis, tissue repair, immune response and metastatic diffusion of tumor cells. ITGB1 encodes a beta subunit.

The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptors are a family of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases that include the type I receptors BMPR1A and BMPR1B and the type II receptor BMPR2. These receptors are also closely related to the activin receptors, ACVR1 and ACVR2. The ligands of these receptors are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. TGF-betas and activins transduce their signals through the formation of heteromeric complexes with 2 different types of serine (threonine) kinase receptors: type I receptors of about 50-55 kD and type II receptors of about 70-80 kD. Type II receptors bind ligands in the absence of type I receptors, but they require their respective type I receptors for signaling, whereas type I receptors require their respective type II receptors for ligand binding.

Canopy 3 homolog (CNPY3) is a 271 a.aToll-like receptor specific co-chaperone for HSP90B1. CNPY3 is necessitated for proper TLR folding, excluding that of TLR3, and so controls TLR exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, CNPY3i s required for both innate and adaptive immune responses.