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BLNK is a cytoplasmic linker or adaptor protein which has a significant role in B cell development. B-cell linker (BLNK) is essential for normal B-cell development. BLNK bridges B cell receptor-associated kinase activation with downstream signaling pathways, thus affecting different biological functions. BLNK associates with the effector proteins GRB2, Vav, NCK and PLC-g following activation of the B cell receptor. BLNK is phosphorylated by the Syk tyrosine kinase, which in turn permits activation of downstream effector proteins including GRB2 and PLC-g. Mutations in the BLNK gene cause hypoglobulinemia and absent B cells, a disease in which the pro- to pre-B-cell transition is developmentally blocked. Deficiency in the BLNK protein is seen in some cases of pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Natural human C4a is created by cleavage of human C4 by human C1s. C4a is produced during activation of both lectin and the classical pathways of complement. C4a is a non glycosylated polypeptide containing 77 amino acids. C4a is a member of the anaphylatoxin family of 3 proteins (C3a, C4a and C5a) produced by the activation of complement.

HCV is a small 50nm, enveloped, single-stranded, positive sense RNAvirus in the family Flaviviridae.
HCV has a high rate of replication with approximately one trillion particles produced each day in an infected individual. Due to lack of proofreading by the HCV RNA polymerase, the HCV has an exceptionally high mutation rate, a factor that may help it elude the host's immune response. Hepatitis C virus is classified into six genotypes(1-6) with several subtypes within each genotype. The preponderance and distribution of HCV genotypes varies globally. Genotype is clinically important in determining potential response to interferon-based therapy and the required duration of such therapy. Genotypes 1 and 4 are less responsive to interferon-based treatment than are the other genotypes (2, 3, 5 and 6).

TATDN3 is a member of the great superfamily of metalloenzymes. TATDN3 binds 2 divalent metal cations per subunit.

AN1-type zinc finger protein 1 isoform a (ZFAND1) is a member of the Zinc-finger proteins. Proteins from this family contain DNA-binding domains and have an extensive variety of functions, most of which encompass some form of transcriptional activation or repression. ZFAND1 is a 268 amino acid protein, which contains two AN1-type zinc fingers that are repeatedly found in proteins which contain an ubiquitin-like domain and for that reason have a role in the ubiquitination pathway ZFAND1 is comprised of 6 conserved cysteines and 2 histidines and have a dimetal (zinc)-bound alpha/beta fold. As a result of alternative splicing events two isoforms of ZFAND1 are produced.

ACOT11 belongs to the acyl-CoA thioesterase family which catalyses the transformation of activated fatty acids to the equivalent non-esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A. Expression of a mouse homolog in brown adipose tissue is induced by low temperatures and inhibited by high temperatures. Obesity-resistant mice demonstrated High levels of expression compared with obesity-prone mice, indicating BFIT takes part in acyl-CoA thioesterase 11 in obesity. BFIT has acyl-CoA thioesterase activity towards medium (C12) and long-chain (C18) fatty acyl-CoA substrates.

CLEC4E (MINCLE or CLECSF9), belongs to a diverse family of proteins which were originally defined by their ability to recognize a wide range of ligands of carbohydrate structure. MINCLE is expressed in macrophages subjected to several types of stress. CLEC4E has an important role in response to trehalose-6,6''-dimycolate (TDM) and activated by a synthetic analogue, trehalose dibehenate (TDB). It was reported recently that MINCLE is connected with an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif–containing Fc receptor γ chain (FcRγ) and functions as an activating receptor for damaged self- and non–self-pathogenic fungi.

C-type lectin domain family 7 member A 1 or CLEC7A is a protein, that in the innate immune system, acts against fungal pathogens. CLEC7A can be found in the immune system response cells such as monocytes, macrophages & neutrophils, or in dendritic and T cells. The protein is enhanced by macrophages by using GM-CSF, IL-4, or IL-13, or diminishes by dexamethasone, IL-10 and LPS.

Ankyrin Repeat Domain 54 (ANKRD54), which is also known as LIAR contains 4 ANK repeats. ANKRD54 plays a vital role in regulating intracellular signaling events related with erythroid terminal differentiation. ANKRD54 interacts with LYN through ankyrin repeat region and the SH3-domain in an activation-independent status of LYN. ANKRD54 creates a multiprotein complex with LYN and HCLS1.

THAP Domain Containing, Apoptosis Associated Protein 7 (THAP7) holds one THAP-type zinc finger. THAP7 is a chromatin-associated, histone tail-binding protein which represses transcription by recruiting HDAC3 and nuclear hormone receptor corepressors.

TBE is caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the family Flaviviridae.
A closely related virus in Far Eastern Eurasia, Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus (RSSEV).
The family Flaviviridae includes other tick-borne viruses are closely related to TBEV and RSSEV, such as Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus & Kyasanur Forest virus.
Louping ill virus is also a member of this family.

Haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain-containing protein 3 (HDHD3) is a member of the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. This family of hydrolase enzymes includes L-2-haloacid dehalogenase, epoxide hydrolases and phosphatases.

TGFBI is an extracellular matrix protein induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1. TGFBI protein is involved in cell growth, cell differentiation, wound healing and cell adhesion. In addition, some missense mutations of TGFBI were identified in families affected with human autosomal dominant corneal dystrophies. TGFBI gene encodes for a 683 amino-acid protein containing an RGD motif and four internal repeated domains which have highly conserved sequences founded in several species (Fasciclin domain).

Iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme (ISCU) belongs to the nifU family. Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are required for several mitochondrial enzymes and other subcellular compartment proteins. ISCU interacts with ISCS (a cysteine desulfurase) to sequester inorganic sulfur for Fe-S cluster assembly. The ISCU-ISCS protein complex localizes in both mitochondria and cytosol, implying that Fe-S cluster assembly occurs in multiple subcellular compartments in mammalian cells.

Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 3 (MBD3), belongs to the MBD family of transcriptional repressors. Human proteins MECP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, and MBD4 includes a family of nuclear proteins related by the presence of a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) in each protein. Nevertheless, not like the other family members, MBD3 is not capable of binding to methylated DNA. MBD3 is a subunit of the NuRD, a multisubunit complex having nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase activities. The predicted MBD3 protein shares 71% and 94% identity with MBD2 (isoform 1) and mouse Mbd3. MBD3 mediates the association of metastasis-associated protein 2 (MTA2) with the core histone deacetylase complex.

C-type lectin domain family 5-member A isoform 1 (CLEC5A) is part of the CTL/CTLD superfamily which carry various functions, for instance cell-cell signaling, cell adhesion, glycoprotein turnover, in addition to their inflammation & immune response abilities. CLEC5A operates as a cell attachment receptor for all 4 serotypes of Dengue virus in addition to Japanese encephalitis virus. CLEC5A binds to the dengue virus and it triggers signaling through the phosphylation of TYROBP, as a result no viral entrance occurs, however this interaction does stimulate proinflammatory cytokine release. CLEC5A preforms as a positive regulator of osteoclastogenesis and also a main regulator of synovial injury & bone erosion for the period of autoimmune joint inflammation.

Fibronectin Leucine Rich Transmembrane Protein 3, also known as FLRT3 is a member of the fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein (FLRT) family. FLRT3 contains one fibronectin type-III domain as well as 10 LRR (leucine-rich) repeats and is expressed in the kidney, brain, pancreas, skeletal muscle, lung, liver, placenta, and heart. In addition, the members of the FLRT family play a role in cell adhesion as well as receptor signaling. FLRT3 has been implicated in neurite outgrowth after nerve damage, as a positive regulator of FGF signalling and in homotypic cell adhesion. Furthermore, FLRT3 has an essential function in regulating cellular adhesion among the epithelial apical ridge and the underlying mesenchyme and also in the establishment of the dorso-ventral position of the ridge.

ROBLD3 is a member of the GAMAD family. ROBLD3 is an adapter protein which enhances the efficiency of the MAP kinase cascade and facilitates the activation of MAPK2. ROBLD3 compels the recruitment of MP1 to late endosomes where they form a very stable heterodimeric complex required for ERK activation on endosomes. In humans, a mutation in the ROBLD3 gene has been associated with a primary immunodeficiency syndrome, and suggests a role for the ROBLD3 protein in endosomal biogenesis.

RWD Domain Containing 1 (RWDD1) is a member of the RWDD1/GIR2 family. The RWDD1 protein protects DRG2 (developmentally regulated GTP binding protein 2), from proteolytic degradation. RWD domain refers to 3 signature motifs in proteins: RING finger, WD-repeats, and yeast DEAD (DEXD)-like motif. Current evidence proposes that RWD domain may be required for protein-protein interaction.

TIE-1 (tyrosine kinase with Ig and EGF homology domains 1) and TIE-2/Tek comprise a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) subfamily with unique structural characteristics: two immunoglobulin-like domains flanking three epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains and followed by three fibronectin type III-like repeats in the extracellular region and a split tyrosine kinase domain in the cytoplasmic region. These receptors are expressed primarily on endothelial and hematopoietic progenitor cells and play critical roles in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis. Human TIE-1 cDNA encodes a 1124 amino acid (aa) residue precursor protein with an 18 residue putative signal peptide, a 727 residue extracellular domain and a 354 residue cytoplasmic domain. Whereas two ligands have been described for TIE-2 [angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2)], so far no ligand was found for TIE-1.

Native human C3 is a naturally glycosylated polypeptide containing two disulfide-linked chains. C3 is central to the activation of all 3 pathways of complement activation. Initiation of each pathway generates proteolytic enzyme complexes which binds the target surface. These enzymes cleave a peptide bond in C3 releasing the anaphylatoxin C3a and activating C3b. Most of the C3 activated during complement activation never attaches to the surface due to its thioester reaction with water forming fluid phase C3b which is rapidly inactivated by factors H and I forming iC3b. Surface-bound C3b is necessary in all 3 pathways for efficient activation of C5 and formation of C5b-9 complexes that lyse the target cell membrane.

HCV is a small 50nm, enveloped, single-stranded, positive sense RNAvirus in the family Flaviviridae.
HCV has a high rate of replication with approximately one trillion particles produced each day in an infected individual. Due to lack of proofreading by the HCV RNA polymerase, the HCV has an exceptionally high mutation rate, a factor that may help it elude the host's immune response. Hepatitis C virus is classified into six genotypes(1-6) with several subtypes within each genotype. The preponderance and distribution of HCV genotypes varies globally. Genotype is clinically important in determining potential response to interferon-based therapy and the required duration of such therapy. Genotypes 1 and 4 are less responsive to interferon-based treatment than are the other genotypes (2, 3, 5 and 6).

Fibronectin Type III Domain Containing 5 (Irisin) is a newly discovered hormone, secreted into circulation by muscle, which acts on white adipocytes and promotes WAT “browning”. r-Irisin can reduce body weight and cause induction of brown adipocyte in vivo, including a capacity for thermogenic energy expenditure mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1). Irisin mature protein is comprised of 110 amino acid residues and two potential glycosylation sites. High levels of Irisin can be found in the heart whereas Very low expression is found in the colon, pancreas and spleen, if any.

HCV is a small 50nm, enveloped, single-stranded, positive sense RNA virus in the family Flaviviridae.
HCV has a high rate of replication with approximately one trillion particles produced each day in an infected individual. Due to lack of proofreading by the HCV RNA polymerase, the HCV has an exceptionally high mutation rate, a factor that may help it elude the host's immune response. Hepatitis C virus is classified into six genotypes(1-6) with several subtypes within each genotype. The preponderance and distribution of HCV genotypes varies globally. Genotype is clinically important in determining potential response to interferon-based therapy and the required duration of such therapy. Genotypes 1 and 4 are less responsive to interferon-based treatment than are the other genotypes (2, 3, 5 and 6).