PTH

About PTH / Parathyroid hormone:

PTH is short for Parathyroid hormone, also called the parathormone or parathyrin. This hormone is secreted by the parathyroid. This regulates serum calcium concentration due to its impact on the bone, intestines, and kidneys.
PTH influences bone remodeling. This is a process where bone tissue is reabsorbed and rebuilt over time.

PTH Structure
hPTH-(1-34) can be likened to a coil. It crystallizes a slightly bent, long, helical dimer. The lengthened helical conformation of hPTH-(1-34) is a probable bioactive conformation.

Parathyroid hormone Function
Parathyroid hormone regulates serum calcium from its impact on kidneys, bone, and intestines. PTH improves the calcium from the reservoir in the bones. Reabsorption of the bone is the normal breakdown of the bone by a process called osteoclasts. It is indirectly impacted by PTH.

Regulation of PTH secretion
The secretion of the parathyroid hormone is decided primarily by serum ionized calcium concentration through negative feedback. PTH is secreted when the levels of Ca2+ are lowered.
The stimulators of PTH are:
Decreased serum Ca2+
Mild decreased in Mg2+
Adrenaline
Histamine
Increased level of serum phosphate

Inhibitors of PTH are:
A decrease in serum Mg2+
Calcitriol
Increased levels of serum phosphate
Increased serum Ca2+

Parathyroid hormone Disorders
Genetic conditions such as pseudohypoparathyroidism, autosomal dominant hypercalciuric hypocalcemia, and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. Primary and Secondary hyperthyroidism.

Parathyroid hormone Measurement
A blood test can measure the levels of PTH and in its different forms. The average PTH level is 8–51 pg/mL. Normal total plasma calcium level ranges from 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL (2.12 mmol/L to 2.55 mmol/L).