{"title":"Thioredoxin","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"highlited\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAbout TXN \/ Thioredoxin:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThioredoxin, or TXN, for short, is a series of small redox proteins found in all organisms. They play a range of roles, including factoring into redox signaling. In humans, there are two thioredoxin proteins, encoded by the TXN and TXN2 genes. In humans, they play a key role but one that is not fully understood, in part in their response to reactive oxygen species and in cell-to-cell communication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTXN Function\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThioredoxins are proteins that act as antioxidants. They facilitate the reduction of other proteins by cysteine thiol-disulfide exchange. TXN participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reaction. It also plays a role in the reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues in target proteins and thereby contributes to the response to intracellular nitric oxide.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThioredoxin Mechanism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThioredoxins reduce oxidized cysteine residues and cleave disulfide bonds. In Trx1, this process begins by the attack of Cys32, one of the residues conserved in the thioredoxin CXXC motif, onto the oxidized group of the substrate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTXN Interactions\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTXN interacts with UBE2K, NFKB1, TXNIP, TXNRD1, and APEX1. TXN2 interacts with SOD1, TOMM22, TPM4, PTBP3, and POLD2.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThioredoxin Structure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThioredoxin is a 12-kD oxidoreductase enzyme containing a dithiol-disulfide active site. Thioredoxins are characterized at the level of their amino acid sequence by the presence of two vicinal cysteines in a CXXC motif. These two cysteines are the key to the ability of thioredoxin to reduce other proteins. Thioredoxin proteins also have a characteristic tertiary structure termed the thioredoxin fold.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"thioredoxin-mouse","title":"TXN Mouse","description":"\u003cp\u003eThioredoxin Mouse Recombinant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"synonyms_hide\"\u003e\n  \u003cp\u003eTRX1, TRX2, Thioredoxin-1, Thioredoxin I, TR-I, Thioredoxin-2, Thioredoxin-1, ADF, Surface associated sulphydryl protein, TXN protein, ATL derived factor, DKFZp686B1993, MGC61975, SASP, Thioredoxin, TRDX, TRX, TRX 1, TXN.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"prospecbio","offers":[{"title":"2µg","offer_id":43174958039124,"sku":"PRO-2607","price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10µg","offer_id":43174958071892,"sku":"PRO-2607","price":145.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100µg","offer_id":43174958104660,"sku":"PRO-2607","price":1000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0559\/3219\/0804\/files\/Prospecbio-thioredoxin-mouse-PRO-2607.png?v=1776712165"},{"product_id":"thioredoxin-1","title":"TXN1 E.Coli","description":"\u003cp\u003eThioredoxin E.Coli Recombinant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"synonyms_hide\"\u003e\n  \u003cp\u003eThioredoxin-1, Trx-1, trxA, fipA, tsnC, b3781, JW5856.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"prospecbio","offers":[{"title":"20µg","offer_id":43174958891092,"sku":"PRO-334","price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100µg","offer_id":43174958923860,"sku":"PRO-334","price":145.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1mg","offer_id":43174958956628,"sku":"PRO-334","price":900.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0559\/3219\/0804\/files\/Prospecbio-thioredoxin-1-PRO-334.png?v=1776712157"},{"product_id":"thioredoxin-human","title":"TXN1 Human","description":"\u003cp\u003eThioredoxin Human Recombinant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"synonyms_hide\"\u003e\n  \u003cp\u003eThioredoxin, ATL-derived factor, ADF, Surface-associated sulphydryl protein, SASP, TXN, TRDX, TRX, TRX1, MGC61975, DKFZp686B1993.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"prospecbio","offers":[{"title":"10µg","offer_id":43174959972436,"sku":"PRO-569","price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50µg","offer_id":43174960005204,"sku":"PRO-569","price":145.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1mg","offer_id":43174960037972,"sku":"PRO-569","price":1800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0559\/3219\/0804\/files\/Prospecbio-thioredoxin-human-PRO-569.png?v=1776712161"},{"product_id":"txn1-human-his","title":"TXN1 Human, His","description":"\u003cp\u003eThioredoxin Human Recombinant, His Tag\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"synonyms_hide\"\u003e\n  \u003cp\u003eThioredoxin, ATL-derived factor, ADF, Surface-associated sulphydryl protein, SASP, TXN, TRDX, TRX, TRX1, MGC61975, DKFZp686B1993.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"prospecbio","offers":[{"title":"5µg","offer_id":43174960791636,"sku":"PRO-804","price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25µg","offer_id":43174960824404,"sku":"PRO-804","price":145.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1mg","offer_id":43174960857172,"sku":"PRO-804","price":2250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0559\/3219\/0804\/files\/Prospecbio-txn1-human-his-PRO-804.png?v=1776713628"},{"product_id":"thioredoxin-1-his","title":"TXN1, His","description":"\u003cp\u003eThioredoxin Recombinant, His Tag\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"synonyms_hide\"\u003e\n  \u003cp\u003eThioredoxin-1, Trx-1, trxA, fipA, tsnC, b3781, JW5856.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"prospecbio","offers":[{"title":"2µg","offer_id":43174961807444,"sku":"PRO-784","price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10µg","offer_id":43174961840212,"sku":"PRO-784","price":145.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1mg","offer_id":43174961872980,"sku":"PRO-784","price":5200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0559\/3219\/0804\/files\/Prospecbio-thioredoxin-1-his-PRO-784.png?v=1776712154"},{"product_id":"txn2-human","title":"TXN2 Human","description":"\u003cp\u003eThioredoxin-2 Human Recombinant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"synonyms_hide\"\u003e\n  \u003cp\u003eThioredoxin mitochondrial, Thioredoxin-2, TXN2, MTRX, TRX2, MT-TRX, TRX-2, TXN-2.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"prospecbio","offers":[{"title":"5µg","offer_id":43174963707988,"sku":"PRO-625","price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20µg","offer_id":43174963740756,"sku":"PRO-625","price":145.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1mg","offer_id":43174963773524,"sku":"PRO-625","price":3600.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0559\/3219\/0804\/files\/Prospecbio-txn2-human-PRO-625.png?v=1776713640"},{"product_id":"trx1-yeast","title":"TXN2 Yeast","description":"\u003cp\u003eThioredoxin-2 Yeast Recombinant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"synonyms_hide\"\u003e\n  \u003cp\u003eThioredoxin-2, TRX2, TRX-2, TXN-2, TXN2.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"prospecbio","offers":[{"title":"5µg","offer_id":43174964658260,"sku":"PRO-333","price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20µg","offer_id":43174964691028,"sku":"PRO-333","price":145.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1mg","offer_id":43174964723796,"sku":"PRO-333","price":2400.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0559\/3219\/0804\/files\/Prospecbio-trx1-yeast-PRO-333.png?v=1776713382"},{"product_id":"txndc12-human","title":"TXNDC12 Human","description":"\u003cp\u003eThioredoxin Domain Containing 12 Human Recombinant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"synonyms_hide\"\u003e\n  \u003cp\u003eThioredoxin domain containing 12 (endoplasmic reticulum), Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 18, Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 19, endoplasmic reticulum thioredoxin superfamily member 18 kDa, thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12, protein disulfide isomerase family A member 16, endoplasmic reticulum protein ERp19, anterior gradient homolog 1, Thioredoxin-like protein p19, ER protein 18, ERP18, ER protein 19, ERP19, ERP16, TLP19, AGR1, PDIA16, hAG-1, EC 1.8.4.2.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"prospecbio","offers":[{"title":"2µg","offer_id":43174965739604,"sku":"PRO-1133","price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10µg","offer_id":43174965772372,"sku":"PRO-1133","price":145.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100µg","offer_id":43174965805140,"sku":"PRO-1133","price":1200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0559\/3219\/0804\/files\/Prospecbio-txndc12-human-PRO-1133.png?v=1776713645"},{"product_id":"txndc17-human","title":"TXNDC17 Human","description":"\u003cp\u003eThioredoxin Domain Containing 17 Human Recombinant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"synonyms_hide\"\u003e\n  \u003cp\u003eThioredoxin domain containing 17, Thioredoxin-like protein 5, Protein 42-9-9, thioredoxin (Trx)-related protein 14 kDa, TRP14, TXNL5, MGC14353.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"prospecbio","offers":[{"title":"5µg","offer_id":43174966493268,"sku":"PRO-1055","price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20µg","offer_id":43174966526036,"sku":"PRO-1055","price":145.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1mg","offer_id":43174966558804,"sku":"PRO-1055","price":2700.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0559\/3219\/0804\/files\/Prospecbio-txndc17-human-PRO-1055.png?v=1776713650"},{"product_id":"txnl1-human","title":"TXNL1 Human","description":"\u003cp\u003eThioredoxin-Like 1 Human Recombinant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"synonyms_hide\"\u003e\n  \u003cp\u003eThioredoxin-like protein 1, TRP32, Txl, 32 kDa thioredoxin-related protein, TXNL, Thioredoxin-like 32kDa, TXL-1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"prospecbio","offers":[{"title":"5µg","offer_id":43174967574612,"sku":"PRO-084","price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20µg","offer_id":43174967607380,"sku":"PRO-084","price":145.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1mg","offer_id":43174967640148,"sku":"PRO-084","price":3600.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0559\/3219\/0804\/files\/Prospecbio-txnl1-human-PRO-084.png?v=1776713655"},{"product_id":"txnl4a-human","title":"TXNL4A Human","description":"\u003cp\u003eThioredoxin-Like 4A Human Recombinant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"synonyms_hide\"\u003e\n  \u003cp\u003eThioredoxin-like 4A, Spliceosomal U5 snRNP-specific 15 kDa protein, DIM1 protein homolog, HsT161, TXNL4, DIB1, U5-15kD.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"prospecbio","offers":[{"title":"2µg","offer_id":43174968393812,"sku":"PRO-1100","price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10µg","offer_id":43174968426580,"sku":"PRO-1100","price":145.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1mg","offer_id":43174968459348,"sku":"PRO-1100","price":5200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0559\/3219\/0804\/files\/Prospecbio-txnl4a-human-PRO-1100.png?v=1776713662"},{"product_id":"txnl4b-human","title":"TXNL4B Human","description":"\u003cp\u003eThioredoxin-Like 4B Human Recombinant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"synonyms_hide\"\u003e\n  \u003cp\u003eThioredoxin-like protein 4B, Dim1-like protein, TXNL4B, DIM2, 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